Command filtered integrated estimation guidance and control for strapdown missiles with circular field of view

In this paper,an integrated estimation guidance and control(IEGC)system is designed based on the command filtered backstepping approach for circular field-of-view(FOV)strapdown missiles.The threedimensional integrated estimation guidance and control nonlinear model with limited actuator deflection angle is established considering the seeker's FOV constraint.The boundary time-varying integral barrier Lyapunov function(IBLF)is employed in backstepping design to constrain the body line-of-sight(BLOS)in IEGC system to fit a circular FOV.Then,the nonlinear adaptive controller is designed to estimate the changing aerodynamic parameters.The generalized extended state observer(GESO)is designed to estimate the acceleration of the maneuvering targets and the unmatched time-varying disturbances for improving tracking accuracy.Furthermore,the command filters are used to solve the"differential expansion"problem during the backstepping design.The Lyapunov theory is used to prove the stability of the overall closed-loop IEGC system.Finally,the simulation results validate the integrated system's effectiveness,achieving high accuracy strikes against maneuvering targets.

基于Command and Control通信信道流量属性聚类的僵尸网络检测方法

僵尸网络(Botnet)是一种从传统恶意代码形态进化而来的新型攻击方式,为攻击者提供了隐匿、灵活且高效的一对多命令与控制信道(Command and Control channel,C&C)机制,可以控制大量僵尸主机实现信息窃取、分布式拒绝服务攻击和垃圾邮件发送等攻击目的。该文提出一种与僵尸网络结构和C&C协议无关,不需要分析数据包的特征负载的僵尸网络检测方法。该方法首先使用预过滤规则对捕获的流量进行过滤,去掉与僵尸网络无关的流量;其次对过滤后的流量属性进行统计;接着使用基于X-means聚类的两步聚类算法对C&C信道的流量属性进行分析与聚类,从而达到对僵尸网络检测的目的。实验证明,该方法高效准确地把僵尸网络流量与其他正常网络流量区分,达到从实际网络中检测僵尸网络的要求,并且具有较低的误判率。

Adaptive optimization of agile organization of command and control resource

Adaptive optimization is one of the means that agile organization of command and control resource （AOC2R） adapts for the dynamic battlefield environment. A math model of the adaptive optimization of AOC2R is put forward by analyzing the interrelating concept and research. The model takes the adaptive process as a multi-stage decision making problem. The 2-phases method is presented to calculate the model, which obtains the related parameters by running the colored Petri net （CPN） model of AOC2R and then searches for the result by ant colony optimization （ACO） algorithm integrated with genetic optimization techniques. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm greatly improves the performance of AOC2R.

Command Filtered Finite/Fixed-time Heading Tracking Control of Surface Vehicles

This paper investigates the heading tracking problem of surface vehicles with unknown model parameters.Based on finite/fixed-time control theories and in the context of command filtered control,two novel adaptive control laws are developed by which the vehicle can track the desired heading within settling time with all signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly bounded.The effectiveness and performance of the schemes are demonstrated by simulations and comparison studies.

Command and Control Cities in Global Space-economy Before and after 2008 Geo-economic Transition

The global economic downturn caused primarily by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis in 2007 engendered revenue loss of the multinational corporations.Existing studies have yet to depict the detrimental impacts on city's command and control functions induced by the sub-prime mortgage crisis together with its residual wave of global economic recession on the global spatial economy.Recent and previous studies have produced an 'instant history' of the global spatial economy before the global economic downturn undermines the global economy in late 2008.However,the waxes and wanes of major cities' command and control functions on the global economic arena before and after the outbreak of financial crisis and its associated geo-economic transitions are still poorly understood.This paper attempts to contribute a new set of customized data to update and fill in the gap in the literature with the investigation of the command and control functions of cities around the world from 2005 to 2009.Particular attentions are paid to the time-space relationship of the geo-economic transition that can capture the recent historical images of the command and control situation of different cities in the world.

Research on the effects of command-and-control and market-oriented policy tools on China's energy conservation and emissions reduction innovation

The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.

Key technologies and applications of intelligent dispatching command for high-speed railway in China

Purpose–The intelligent Central Traffic Control(CTC)system plays a vital role in establishing an intelligent high-speed railway(HSR)system.As the core of HSR transportation command,the intelligent CTC system is a new HSR dispatching command system that integrates the widely used CTC in China with the practical service requirements of intelligent dispatching.This paper aims to propose key technologies and applications for intelligent dispatching command in HSR in China.Design/methodology/approach–This paper first briefly introduces the functions and configuration of the intelligent CTC system.Some new servers,terminals and interfaces are introduced,which are plan adjustment server/terminal,interface for automatic train operation(ATO),interface for Dynamic Monitoring System of Train Control Equipment(DMS),interface for Power Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(PSCADA),interface for Disaster Monitoring,etc.Findings–The key technologies applied in the intelligent CTC system include automatic adjustment of train operation plans,safety control of train routes and commands,traffic information data platform,integrated simulation of traffic dispatching and ATO function.These technologies have been applied in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou HSR,which commenced operations at the end of 2019.Implementing these key intelligent functions has improved the train dispatching command capacity,ensured the safe operation of intelligent HSR,reduced the labor intensity of dispatching operators and enhanced the intelligence level of China’s dispatching system.Originality/value–This paper provides further challenges and research directions for the intelligent dispatching command of HSR.To achieve the objectives,new measures need to be conducted,including the development of advanced technologies for intelligent dispatching command,coping with new requirements with the development of China’s railway signaling system,the integration of traffic dispatching and train control and the application of AI and data-driven modeling and methods.

数字孪生永定河建设实践

数字孪生永定河建设是流域治理管理现代化的主要标志。围绕永定河生态修复与治理,构建数字孪生永定河,建设水利感知、数据底板、模型平台、知识平台、业务应用等内容,相关成果应用于永定河全年全线有水的生态水量调度与海河“23·7”流域性特大洪水的防洪调度,取得了初步成效。建议下一步从完善数据底板、完善防洪模型、提升防洪“四预”能力、提升水资源调度“四预”能力等方面加强数字孪生永定河建设,助力流域治理管理现代化。

无人空战指控建模仿真方法研究

针对当前无人空战仿真中,缺乏支持全流程作战指挥控制建模与仿真这一问题,结合当前无人空战仿真系统相关研究,系统梳理和研究指控模型构建方法,通过探索不同仿真层级不同类型的无人机指挥控制建模原理和方法,设计并且构建了一套适合指挥信息系统装备特点的指控模型仿真系统。通过进行符合预设约束的想定设定,对目标作战任务进行了效能评估和对比,可为无人空战相关指挥信息系统装备的论证、评估方式提供理论和现实指导。

带有指令滤波的电力弹簧系统反步控制

针对新能源发电系统因间接性和不确定性导致的电压波动问题,文中首次将反步控制策略应用于电力弹簧(electric spring,ES)系统,并提出一种带有指令滤波的ES反步控制策略。根据ES的数学模型利用反步法设计控制器,并加入指令滤波器,以解决ES反步控制中的计算膨胀问题,同时设计误差补偿信号,并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论验证系统稳定性。通过仿真模拟新能源发电系统网侧电压波动时,ES对关键负载(critical load,CL)电压稳定的效果,以及不同系统参数对文中控制策略的敏感性分析。与传统的比例积分(proportional-integral,PI)控制对比,CL电压动态响应速度提高0.07 s,CL电压畸变率降低31%,参数敏感性分析中CL电压最大偏差率为0.318%,能承受的最大电压幅值波动范围提高52.9 V。仿真结果验证了文中所提出的控制策略具有响应速度快、谐波含量低、抗干扰能力强的优势。

两栖登陆垂直投送指挥控制效能评估模型研究

为破解两栖垂直突击上陆指挥控制作战效能评估难题,从分析垂直突击上陆指挥控制的特点入手,在此基础上分四个步骤建立指挥控制效能评估模型。首先,对指挥控制要素进行抽象分类;其次,分析要素之间以及要素内部的影响关系;然后抽取关键环节,形成评估要点;最后,采用定性与定量相结合,仿真试验评估与实兵验证相结合的方法进行评估。该模型可为指挥控制评估提供方法支撑。

不平衡数据下基于SVM增量学习的指挥信息系统状态监控方法

针对指挥信息系统历史状态样本有限的特点,基于支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)设计了一种面向不平衡数据的SVM增量学习方法。针对系统正常/异常状态样本不平衡的情况,首先利用支持向量生成一部分新样本,然后通过分带的思想逐带产生分布更加均匀的新样本以调节原样本集的不平衡比。针对系统监控实时性要求高且在运行过程中会有新样本不断加入的特点,采用增量学习的方式对分类模型进行持续更新,在放松KKT(Karush-Kuhn-Tucker)更新触发条件的基础上,通过定义样本重要度并引入保留率和遗忘率的方式减少了增量学习过程中所需训练的样本数量。为了验证算法的有效性和优越性,实验部分在真实系统中获得的数据集以及UCI数据集中3类6组不平衡数据集中与现有的算法进行了对比。结果表明,所提算法能够有效实现对不平衡数据的增量学习,从而满足指挥信息系统状态监控的需求。

面向任务的指挥决策智能化系统设计

随着试验难度密度加大,装备状态转换快,指挥控制决策压力剧增。论文对面向任务的智能指挥决策系统进行研究。充分利用汇集于指控中心的测控数据,从数据传输格式自动化检查、处理结果的正确性分析、异常故障快速定位、装备效能评估几个方面建立方法模型,构建了面向任务的智能化指挥控制系统架构[10]。

预警机装备形态演变的新特征

自1945年投入使用以来,预警机装备经过近80年的发展,其在作战体系和杀伤链构建中,经历了从低空补忙雷达向空中C2节点的转变。现今,一方面,有人预警机的核心节点作用愈发凸显,主要担负空战场管理任务;另一方面,无人化预警机形态正在加速出现,重点发挥预警探测而不是指挥控制作用,作为有人预警机的重要补充。在产品形态上,未来的预警机将具备敏捷性、协同性以及自主性等重要特征。

补偿抑或挤出?命令控制型环境规制与企业风险承担——基于中国A股上市公司的证据

环境规制是生态文明建设的有力手段,而投资决策中的风险承担是企业进行绿色转型的重要条件。基于2010—2021年A股上市公司数据,实证检验了命令控制型环境规制对企业风险承担的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:命令控制型环境规制显著提升了企业风险承担水平。机制分析表明,命令控制型环境规制通过创新机制、信息机制及资源机制对企业风险承担产生正向影响,且这种影响在地方财政分权程度低的企业、非“双高”企业以及区域创新文化水平高的企业中更显著。有效性分析结果显示,尽管命令控制型环境规制推高的企业风险承担在短期内可以提升企业绩效,但其导致的资本配置效率降低会损害企业的长期价值。研究结论为推动企业绿色转型,完善政府主导的环境政策体制提供经验证据。

美军联合全域指挥与控制的投资

阐述美军联合全域指挥与控制(JADC2)的概念内涵、当前工作内容以及未来发展方向。结合美国国防部2024财年预算请求及Govini公司研究报告,进一步介绍JADC2支出的核算方法,并系统解析美国在JADC2上的资金投入和市场情况、美军联合全域指挥与控制当前面临的挑战。当前,全球安全环境正在发生飞速变化,局部冲突时有发生,搜集、解析和传递信息以保持决策优势的能力将是主导战争胜负的关键。美国国防部提出JADC2战略,旨在构建一个在战场上可以将各部门互联互通的安全网络,以期实现所有战域之间的充分、实时的信息交换。目前美国通过技术研发、合作演习等方式在各个层面积极推动JADC2的建设,并已取得一定阶段性成果。

有人直升机/无人机协同编队指挥控制体系设计

针对有人/无人机(Manned Aerial Vehicle/Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,MAV/UAV)编队协同作战的发展趋势,开展了MAV/UAV协同编队指挥控制系统设计研究。分析了MAV/UAV的协同作战样式对指挥控制系统的需求。对比了目前集中式、分布式和有限集中式3种指挥控制结构,兼顾UAV智能化水平和数据链路状态,设计了基于集散式的指挥控制系统,该系统集合了集中式和分布式的特点,在协同编队指挥控制中具备通信要求适中、可扩展性高和鲁棒性强等优势。

美天军“黑色天空”演习解析及发展认识

电磁频谱已成为信息化战争制权争夺的重点,美军大力推动电磁频谱的创新发展,以保持其在太空电磁领域的优势地位。美天军推出了“天空”系列太空作战演习“套装”,其中“黑色天空”演习聚焦太空电磁战,开展战术演练和指控关系验证,推动太空电磁战建设发展与作战运用。梳理了3次“黑色天空”演习主要情况,分析了“黑色天空”演习要素构成,给出了几点发展认知,以增强太空安全发展的主动性。

智能化分布式指挥与控制建设及关键技术应用

为厘清智能化分布式指挥与控制体系的发展态势及其关键技术,基于系统工程思维,通过收集开源情报、整合体系架构与建设进展等方式,对美军典型案例进行深入研究。同时,对其在特定作战场景中的应用进行阐释。结果表明,面向未来大规模、快节奏、多样化的战争,美军通过构建联合战术网、布局无人控制平台、研发智能决策辅助系统的方式增强作战指挥与控制的智能性。通过具体案例分析可知,分布式指挥与控制的智能化主要依赖边缘云、人工智能、无人自主系统及先进网络通信等关键技术。

基于复合自适应的Buck变换器预设性能控制

针对Buck型变换器在复杂环境下发生负载波动时输出电压受扰的问题,提出了一种复合自适应预设性能控制方案以提升其控制效果。首先,利用自适应律对模型中包含负载项的非线性函数进行预测估计,同时通过在自适应律更新过程中构建并行估计模型获取预测误差,并将预测误差和跟踪误差融合以设计自适应参数更新律。然后,采用广义比例积分观测器来对剩余不确定性和外部扰动进行估计,并在控制律中进行补偿。最后,结合指令滤波反步控制和指定时间预设性能控制技术,提出了Buck型变换器复合自适应预设性能控制方案。所提出的方案保证了对负载波动的高精度预测,避免了在突发情况下输出电压超出预设函数范围,此外还证明了闭环控制系统中的信号收敛性。实验结果表明,复合自适应预设性能控制在负载突然减小的情况下系统最大偏离电压为0.376 V,相比于传统自适应反步控制的1.773 V减少了78.7%,验证了所提方案的有效性以及优越性。