基于宇称时间对称的P-SP拓扑无线电能传输系统特性分析

宇称时间(PT)对称原理已经被验证可以作为提高无线电能传输系统自由度的有力工具,但基于PT对称的并联-并联(P-P)拓扑结构无线电能传输(WPT)系统的工作范围仍然受到限制。为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于PT对称原理的并联-串并联(P-SP)补偿WPT系统。通过等效电路法化简系统电路模型,并利用耦合模理论(CMT)分析电容分配比对振荡频率、临界耦合系数、满足系统进入PT对称区域的耦合系数和负载电阻值范围以及传输效率等工作性能的影响。构建样机开展实验,以检验所提方法的适用性,结果表明:可以在仅损失2%系统传输效率的情况下,将传输距离由110 mm扩大到210 mm,该操作可为扩大应用范围、增加应用场景、优化激光无线充电系统中发送模块单元和接收模块单元的工作性能做准备。

基于SP+模型的三元锂离子电池基本反应模型参数修正研究

通过改进单粒子模型(SP+模型)对电池基本参数进行预测及限制负极电位来获得充电安全边界是快充策略应用的有效评估方法。SP+模型需建立在三电极电池的基础上,在各种特性上与真实电池有一定的区别,这导致利用负极电位评估方法在预测精度上存在一定的差异。针对上述问题建立电池基本反应模型,将修正因子导入到涉及SOC、正负极电位、正负极嵌锂浓度的电池平衡电动势表达式中,设置相应的测试计划对修正因子进行标定,实现在25℃和特定SOC情况下对三元锂离子电池平衡电动势及正负极电势预测精度的提升,为后续安全边界评估开路正负极电位预测值提供参考。

Multi-agent System Optimized Reconfiguration of Shipboard Power System

Reconfigurability of the electrical network in a shipboard power system （SPS） after its failure is central to the restoration of power supply and improves survivability of an SPS. The navigational process creates a sequence of different operating conditions. The priority of some loads differs in changing operating conditions. After analyzing characteristics of typical SPS, a model was developed used a grade III switchboard and an environmental prioritizing agent （EPA） algorithm. This algorithm was chosen as it is logically and physically decentralized as well as multi-agent oriented. The EPA algorithm was used to decide on the dynamic load priority, then it selected the means to best meet the maximum power supply load. The simulation results showed that higher priority loads were the first to be restored. The system satisfied all necessary constraints, demonstrating the effectiveness and validity of the proposed method.

Game Theory Algorithm of Reconfiguration for Shipboard Power System

船舶电力系统故障重构通过改变系统供电路径来恢复重要负载的供电，对增强系统的存活性有着重要意义。在多智能体（agent）架构的基础上，构建船舶电力系统博弈重构模型并提出求解方法。该模型以船舶电力系统中不同区域的agent作为博弈参与者，将船舶电力系统的重构问题转化为各agent之间的合作一竞争问题，从而保证重要负载的恢复供电。论文进一步提出该模型的求解算法，该算法首先判断博弈模式的合作与非合作属性，之后通过agent或agent联盟之间的博弈过程，计算各agent所属的负载／发电机的投切及转移策略。仿真算例表明，该算法能够快速有效地求解船舶电力系统重构问题，最大程度保证系统的存活性。

Parameter Deviation Effect Study of the Power Generation Unit on a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine-based Shipboard Propulsion System

To lower the difficulty of fault protection,a doubly-fed induction machine based shipboard propulsion system(DFIM-SPS)that is partially power decoupled is presented.In such an intrinsically safe SPS architecture,a synchronous generator(SG)is employed for power generation,and the accuracy of the parameters of power generation unit(PGU)plays an important role in SPS stable operation.In this paper,the PGU parameter deviations are studied to evaluate the effects on system performance.The models of salient-pole SG,type DC1A excitation system(EXS)and DFIM are illustrated first.Besides,the corresponding control scheme is explained.For the 16 important parameters of PGU,up to 40%of parameter deviations are applied to implement parameter sensitivity analysis.Then,simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the parameter deviation effects on system performance in detail.By defining three parameter deviation effect indicators(PDEIs),the effects on the PGU output variables,which are the terminal voltage and output active power,are studied.Moreover,the increasing rates of PDEIs with different degrees of parameter deviations for the key parameters are analyzed.Furthermore,the overall system performance is investigated for the two most influential PGU parameters.This paper provides some vital clues on SG and EXS parameter identification for DFIM-SPS.

基于S/SP补偿拓扑的强抗偏移感应式无线电能传输系统

针对感应式电能传输(inductive power transfer,IPT)系统偏移造成输出电压不稳定和效率低下的问题,提出一种强抗偏移的S/SP补偿IPT系统,该系统在变耦合变自感和变耦合不变自感两种情况下均能保证较小的输出电压波动和较高的传输效率。首先,基于Maxwell有限元仿真,分析罐型磁心松耦合变压器的磁通分布和磁场分布特性,总结不同方向偏移的参数变化规律。然后,提出一种提高系统抗偏移能力的S/SP补偿参数设计方法,得到相应的磁耦合机构设计准则,并结合磁仿真数据,通过数值计算方式求得系统输出波动和输入阻抗角的变化规律。最后,通过实验验证文中采用罐型磁心和新型S/SP补偿拓扑实现多方向偏移下高效率、低波动无线电能传输的可行性。在额定负载下,系统沿纵向和水平方向偏移的输出电压波动分别为2.7%和3.1%,传输效率维持在90.8%~94.3%。

A Hybrid Simulation Test Platform for Verifying the Protection Settings of SPS

To verify the effectiveness and correctness of the protection settings in ring structure Shipboard Power System (SPS), a digital-physical hybrid simulation platform at China Ship Development and Design Center (CSDDC) has been built, which aims to give double verification effect of design scheme and physical device. The platform consists of eMEGAsim digital simulator, signal power amplifiers and digital-analog interface equipments. With this platform, the multiple protection device of ring structure grid can be accessed to form a close-loop test system. Since eMEGAsim model-simulated faults and actual protection device actions are on real time, the tripping settings of each device as well as their coordinate performance between multiple devices can be verified in this close-loop test.

Microwave Power Transmission for Space-Based Solar Power (MPT-SBSP)

This paper examines the definition of MPT-SBSP and implementation model of such technology.It surveys the latest development and affirms the feasibility and a bright future of this technology,emphasizing the existing issues must be solved by more educated individuals and organizations for the early realization of this"beyond-the-realm-of-cost"technology.Because once this technology is successfully applied in large-scale,humans won’t have to worry about the energy crisis in the future.

智能功率开关(SPS)应用三例

快捷公司生产的集控制IC与Sense FET于一体的SMPS(开关电源)用SPS(智能功率开关)系列产品,有50多个型号,输出功率从10W到250W。本文介绍了SPS的功能特点,重点介绍了其在监视器、PC和CTV(彩电)3例SMPS中的典型应用。

有源前端组网的直流船舶电网高能效运行控制

直流船舶电网为航运业绿色转型提供了有效可行的解决方案。考虑到实际船舶的运行工况,本文提出一种分层协调控制策略,主要用于有源前端组网的直流船舶电网中功率单元协调运行的设备层控制系统和功率层控制系统。其中,设备层控制系统负责实现发电机组转速的无静差跟随与不同容量柴油发电机组间的动态/稳态功率共享;功率层控制系统负责提升母线电压质量,提高系统能效。最后,利用仿真与半实物仿真系统对控制策略进行验证,结果表明该控制策略可有效提高系统运行能效,最高节省约10%的燃油。

S/SP非接触谐振变换器的时域特性分析

S/SP非接触谐振变换器因为对系统参数变化尤其是变压器的耦合系数变化不太敏感,具有良好的应用前景。但该变换器中主要波形谐波含量较大,导致基波分析方法误差较大,直接影响到变换器的参数设计以及控制的有效性。为此论文对变换器的时域特性展开研究。论文考虑谐波影响,推导谐振网络的通用等效电路,揭示谐波产生的原因,建立谐振腔各波形的定量表达式。在时域波形分析的基础上,论文进一步研究变换器的输出增益特性,推导精确的电压增益并指出基波分析方法结果偏大的原因。最后,设计一台1.5 k W的S/SP非接触谐振变换器,特征波形、电压增益的实验与分析结果吻合良好,验证了论文所采用的时域特性分析方法的正确性。

舰船电力系统自组织临界特性分析

基于自组织临界理论,以直流潮流为基础,建立了舰船电力系统连锁停电的OPA模型。通过OPA模型模拟了舰船电力系统发生连锁故障的过程并揭示出舰船电力系统发生大停电事故的本质;研究了线路可靠性和线路容量对系统停电分布的影响,结果表明,增强线路可靠性和提高线路容量有利于系统抵御连锁故障。此外,对比环形舰船电网结构和辐射型舰船电网结构的停电规模分布,从系统自组织临界特性的角度验证环形舰船电网结构可靠性更高。

错位采样SPWM逆变器多重化技术的研究

为适应特大功率应用领域的需要,提出了一种SPWM逆变模块多重化的新方法.各模块具有相同的调制波,但分别采用一路载波信号且各自相差一个相等的相位角.子模块的开关频率可以比较低,但多重化以后的等效开关频率比较高.达到了扩大功率容量,改善输出波形的目的.仿真和试验结果证实了该方案的正确性.

基于S/SP补偿的整流性负载等效阻抗精确计算方法及逆变器开关损耗优化

基波等效法是无线电能传输(wireless power transfer,WPT)技术的主要研究方法,该方法将整流性负载的基波阻抗等效为某一纯电阻,为系统的建模和分析提供基础。但该方法忽略整流性负载谐波阻抗的影响,使WPT系统的实际响应与理论分析结果存在较大的误差,从而影响系统的模型精度,限制WPT系统的进一步优化设计。该文以基于串/串并(series/series-parallel,S/SP)补偿网络的WPT系统为研究对象,分析利用基波等效法进行建模产生误差的原因,并提出一种基于迭代法的整流性负载基波以及各次谐波等效阻抗的精确计算方法。在此基础上,建立WPT系统的精确电路响应模型,所提模型可以有效表征发射线圈电流的畸变特性,并根据系统响应与补偿网络参数的关系获得系统逆变器开关损耗的优化设计方法。最后,搭建一台3kW的WPT系统样机,实验结果验证理论分析的正确性和可行性。

基于Powerlogic的船舶电力监视系统

本文结合船舶电力系统控制实验室,利用PowerLogic软件实现对船舶电力系统的电力参数监测。介绍了船舶电力监视系统的构成与软件设计,在交流380V/50Hz电力实验室环境下进行了运行,分析了船舶电力系统运行的谐波情况,该系统可以有效地监视船舶电力系统的一些参数,提高了船舶电站电能质量的管理能力。

Analysis and Control of S/SP Compensation Contactless Resonant Converters

非接触谐振变换器的补偿方式直接影响到系统的增益特性和控制特性，是非接触能量传输技术的研究重点之一。考虑到非接触应用场合中的变参数特性，论文提出了一种可适应负载及变压器参数变化的新型的串／串并（series／seriesparallel，S／SP）补偿拓扑。该补偿拓扑具有增益交点处输入相角为零，且增益交点值固定不随变压器耦合系数而改变的优点。论文对该新型补偿拓扑进行了特性分析；并针对其增益交点处输入相角为零以及增益交点处增益曲线相对平坦的优点，提出锁相环（phaselockloop，PLL）控制和恒频控制2种控制策略。采用所提出的补偿方式，设计了一台PLL控制60W的谐振变换器和一台1．5kW恒频控制的原理样机。实验结果与理论分析一致，验证了所提出的新型补偿方式的优点。1．5kW的样机在10cm气隙满载条件下效率达到95．2％。

Simulation Model of Shipboard Low Voltage Molded Case Circuit Breaker Based on PSCAD/EMTDC

A simulation model of shipboard low voltage molded case circuit breaker (MCCB) is developed based on power system simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC. The motion characteristic of the magnetic instantaneous acting trip based on electromagnetic characteristic analysis and Cassie arc model are applied into the simulation model to describe the dynamic behavior of the MCCB during short-circuit protection. The results of short-circuit interruption experiments verify the simulation model. It demonstrates that the simulation model has good prospect in optimizing the design and protection performance of MCCB.

Enrichment and Isolation of CO₂-Fixing Bacteria with Electrochemical Reducing Power as a Sole Energy Source

Enrichment of bacteria capable of growing with electrochemical reducing power and CO2 was accomplished using a plate-type electrochemical bioreactor (PEB). A bacterial source obtained from wastewater treatment reactant and forest soil was cultivated on carbonate-based mineral agar medium prepared in the PEB (PEB-carbonate agar). According to the pyrosequencing analyses, the abundance of Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria at the phylum level, and Achromobacter, Alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas at the genus level were selectively increased after the electrochemical enrichment culture. Finally, one genus of bacterium that was autotrophically grown on the PEB-carbonate agar was identified as Alcaligenes. This bacterium may be useful to fix atmospheric CO2 with electrochemical energy obtained from the solar cell.

基于频率切换的S/SP拓扑恒流恒压输出WPT系统研究

近年来,无线电能传输技术因其稳定、安全、电气隔离等优势受到研究者广泛关注。在实际应用中,确保无线电能传输系统在零相位角的条件下实现稳定的先恒流后恒压充电输出对延长电池寿命和提高系统的功率传输效率至关重要,因此,提出了一种基于频率切换的S/SP拓扑补偿的具备恒流和恒压充电功能的WPT系统。通过理论分析,该系统可以在2个固定的零相位角频率点下实现稳定的恒流和恒压充电输出特性,且无需重构电路补偿结构。此外,所提系统的整体补偿元件较少,降低了系统的设计复杂度和开发成本。为验证所提系统的正确性,搭建了一台4.2 A/56 V充电输出的实验样机。实验结果与所提系统的理论分析吻合良好。

输出与变压器参数完全解耦的S/SP补偿IPT系统的最优增益点研究

感应式无线电能传输系统的输出增益常受非接触变压器参数的制约而不可任意调节,且即便通过外加调节量实现了输出可调,也往往由于无法实现输出和变压器参数完全解耦而使得补偿参数计算复杂。本文基于三电容补偿的S/SP网络,给出实现增益可调下补偿参数新的推导办法,可实现输出电压与变压器物理参数完全无关,使得补偿参数设计简单明了。相比基于特定变压器模型的推导办法更为通用、可扩展至任意补偿网络。进一步,对增益可调S/SP系统的传输效率特性进行了深入分析,推导了可实现效率最大化的最优增益,相比传统的S/SP补偿方法可显著提升系统效率。最后,搭建实验样机验证了新型补偿参数设计方法的有效性以及最优增益对效率的提升作用。