Shipborne Underwater Acoustic Communication System and Sea Trials with Submersible Shenhai Yongshi

The Shipborne acoustic communication system of the submersible Shenhai Yongshi works in vertical, horizontal and slant channels according to the relative positions. For ease of use, an array combined by a vertical-cone directional transducer and a horizontal-toroid one is installed on the mothership. Improved techniques are proposed to combat adverse channel conditions, such as frequency selectivity, non-stationary ship noise, and Doppler effects of the platform’s nonlinear movement. For coherent modulation, a turbo-coded single-carrier scheme is used. In the receiver, the sparse decision-directed Normalized Least-Mean-Square soft equalizer automatically adjusts the tap pattern and weights according to the multipath structure, the two receivers’ asymmetry, the signal’s frequency selectivity and the noise’s spectrum fluctuation. The use of turbo code in turbo equalization significantly suppresses the error floor and decreases the equalizer’s iteration times, which is verified by both the extrinsic information transfer charts and bit-error-rate performance. For noncoherent modulation, a concatenated error correction scheme of nonbinary convolutional code and Hadamard code is adopted to utilize full frequency diversity. Robust and lowcomplexity synchronization techniques in the time and Doppler domains are proposed. Sea trials with the submersible to a maximum depth of over 4500 m show that the shipborne communication system performs robustly during the adverse conditions. From the ten-thousand communication records in the 28 dives in 2017, the failure rate of the coherent frames and that of the noncoherent packets are both below 10%, where both synchronization errors and decoding errors are taken into account.

Conceptual design and RCS performance research of shipborne early warning aircraft

In order to improve the survivability of the aircraft,conceptual design and radar cross section（RCS） performance research are done. The CATIA software is used to design the 3D digital model of the shipborne early warning aircraft, and some measures are taken to reduce the RCS characteristics of the early warning aircraft at the same time. Based on the physical optics method and the equivalent electromagnetic flow method,the aircraft＇s RCS characteristics and strength distribution characteristics are simulated numerically, and compared with the foreign advanced shipborne early warning aircraft. The simulation results show that under the X radar band, when the incident wave pitching angle is 0？, compared with the foreign advanced shipborne early warning aircraft, the forward RCS average value of the conceptual shipborne early warning aircraft is reduced to 24.49%, the lateral RCS average value is reduced to 5.04%, and the backward RCS average value is reduced to 39.26%. The research results of this paper are expected to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the conceptual design and the stealth design of the shipborne early warning aircraft.

Estimation of sea clutter inherent Doppler spectrum from shipborne S-band radar sea echo

Measurement of shipborne radar sea echo is instrumental in collecting the sea clutter data in open sea areas.However,the ship movement would introduce an extra Doppler component into the spectrum of the sea clutter,so the sea clutter inherent spectrum must be estimated prior to investigating the sea clutter Doppler characteristics from the shipborne radar sea echo.In this paper we show some results about a shipborne sea clutter measurement experiment that was conducted in the South China Sea in a period between 2017 and 2018;abundant clutter data have been collected by using a shipborne S-band clutter measurement radar.To obtain the sea clutter inherent Doppler spectrum from these data,an estimation method,based on the mapping relationship between the shipborne clutter spectrum and the inherent clutter spectrum,is proposed.This method is validated by shipborne clutter data sets under the same measuring conditions except for the ship speed.Using this method,the characteristics of the Doppler spectrum lineshapes in the South China Sea are calculated and analyzed according to different sea states,wave directions,and radar resolutions,which can be instrumental in designing the radar target detection algorithms.

Model of Airflow Field on the Deck for Shipborne Helicopter Flight Dynamics Analysis

For the research of helicopter/ship dynamic interface,the method of combining steady flow and stochastic flow is adopted to establish a flow field model applied to the flight dynamics analysis of shipborne helicopter.The steady flow is calculated by computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method,while the stochastic flow is composed of the compensation velocity derived from ship motion and turbulence above the deck.The accuracy of the proposed flow field model is verified by comparing the helicopter response in the proposed flow field with the results calculated by US Army′s Military Specifications(MIL)model which is commonly used in engineering.Meanwhile,it also shows the proposed flow field model is more appliable to flight dynamics analysis of shipborne helicopter.On that the basis,ship deck flow field is simulated at different sea conditions by adjusting the wind speed on the deck,mother ship movement and shipboard turbulence,etc.And helicopter angular rate response is calculated.The results show that the difference of dynamic stability between helicopter′s roll and pitch leads to the facts that the influence of above factors on the helicopter′s roll angular rate response is greater than that of pitch angular rate,that the frequency and amplitude of mother ship roll motion are much greater than those of pitch motion,and that the disturbance caused by roll motion on the air has greater influence on the helicopter response.The shipboard turbulence is the main disturbance factor that influences helicopter flight stability and its intensity determines the amplitudes of angular rate response.

SYNTHESIS AND OPTICAL-ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF POLY[METHYLTETRAPHENYLPHENYLSILYLENE-CO-BIS(METHYLPHENYLSILYL)ACETYLENE]

Poly(methyltetraphenylphenylsilylene-co-bis(methylphenylsilyl)acetylene) (PSA) was synthesized by the cocondensation reaction of methyltetraphenylphenyldichlorosilane and bis(chloromethylphenylsilyl)acetylene with sodium in toluene. The PSA thus obtained was soluble in most organic solvents, and its molecular weight was smaller than that of poly[(disilanylene)acetylenes] with alkyl- or aryl-substitution because of the great steric congestion of tetraphenylphenyl groups. The optical and electronic properties of the polymer were investigated. The results show that PSA has strong UV absorption and fluorescence emission, the maximum UV absorption wavelength of PSA is 330 nm, which shows a considerable red-shift in comparison with that of poly(methylphenylsilylene-co-methylphenylsilylacetylene) (PSI) and alkyl- substituted poly[(disilanylene)acetylenes]. A strong photoluminescence band at 470 nm in THF and 432 nm in benzene can be observed in the visible region, respectively. Treatment of the films of PSA with I 2 vapor afforded conducting films. The conductivity of PSA thin film doped with I 2 was measured to be 0.35 S cm -1 in the air which is lower than that of poly(methyltetraphenylphenylsilylene-co-bis(methylphenylsilyl)phenylene), but higher than that of σ-π polymers without tetraphenylphenyl groups. As an explanation, the tetraphenylphenyl group is a large π-electron-conjugated group; after being introduced to the Si atoms of the polysilanes, the interaction between π-electrons of the tetraphenylphenyl groups and the σ- electrons conjugated along the Si—Si bonds is increased strongly, and the σ-electrons can be conjugated more extensively along the main chain of the polysilanes.

Shipborne aerosol IR decoy modulated by laser

Working principles, features, current situation and future development of the aerosol IR decoys are summarized in this paper, and a new type aerosol IR decoy——aerosol IR decoy modulated by laser is emphasized. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional IR decoys, the late-model aerosol IR decoy effectively enhances the capability of protecting targets and countermining IR guidance weapons. It is a new direction of aerosol IR decoys.

舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化仿真系统构建研究

舰载直升机战术运用课程,对水面舰艇航空指挥人才培养目标具有重要支撑作用。针对舰载直升机战术原理教学中所面临的挑战,构建了舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化仿真系统,阐述了舰载直升机战术原理交互式可视化的内涵,并以“舰载直升机航空鱼雷对潜攻击”为例,说明了系统的设计、实现及应用。实践结果表明,该系统允许学生进行交互式操作,可直观进行攻防态势展示,快速进行战术分析计算,有效进行战术效能评估,符合学生思维认知习惯,加深其对舰载直升机战术原理规律、本质的理解。

用于定标海表测温辐射计的镓黑体辐射源

设计了镓黑体对海表测温辐射计进行定标。首先,介绍了该黑体的结构与工作原理,对黑体发射率进行仿真,并开展发射率的测量实验,讨论其不确定度的来源。然后,开展了电加热和水浴加热下镓的相变复现实验,讨论电加热功率对镓相变复现的影响。最后,通过红外海面温度自主辐射计实验对该黑体进行验证。结果表明:该黑体基于蒙特卡罗软件仿真的发射率优于0.9988,实验测得的黑体辐射源发射率结果与仿真结果较为吻合,测量重复性(标准偏差)达0.1%;相变温度坪台的复现性均优于±0.03 K;相变温坪附近时,红外海面温度自主辐射计和FLUKE 1524测温仪测得的黑体腔附近温度的数据差值均在±0.15 K以内。设计的镓黑体可以应用到海表测温辐射计进行校准,为发展自主知识产权的海表测温设备提供校准源。

基于混合模型的复杂舰载信息系统可靠性测试技术

复杂舰载信息系统在未来海战场战争中扮演着至关重要的角色,必须在未来更加复杂多变的战场环境下保持稳定可靠的性能。面对未来更加复杂多变的战场环境,软件可靠性测试面临众多挑战。现有的软件可靠性测试理论难以满足复杂舰载信息系统任务繁多、状态多样、交互复杂的特点,并且缺乏有效的测试数据生成手段。为了解决这个问题,结合Musa方法和Markov链模型思想来构建操作剖面,并生成可靠性测试用例。将操作剖面模型定义的使用用例集和Markov链表示的状态迁移模型相结合,生成测试用例。通过实例分析和对比实验,采用混合模型生成的测试用例集具备良好的稳定性,并且能够满足复杂舰载信息系统可靠性测试的需求。

基于自适应KF的船载地波雷达目标跟踪方法

针对使用传统的卡尔曼滤波器进行多目标跟踪易发生状态估计不准确、航迹断裂的问题,提出了一种转换量测卡尔曼滤波增益自适应调整方法。结合船只目标的运动特性和历史船只航迹数据,采用线性最小二乘拟合提取出航迹参数的变化趋势。使用似然函数分别计算目标预测状态和量测状态与航迹的隶属度。利用预测状态和量测状态的隶属度值对滤波方式进行选择。利用仿真及实测船载地波雷达数据开展了目标跟踪实验,结果表明,使用该文方法能够得到平滑、持续的航迹输出,目标的跟踪距离远、跟踪精度高,优于现有的自适应滤波方法。

船载式垂直植物工厂设计与应用

介绍了船载式植物工厂设计与应用,其完全使用人工光源封闭方式进行蔬菜栽培,使蔬菜生长不受外部自然条件制约,实现蔬菜周年连续生产。该植物工厂是一种适合海环境条件的垂直种植系统,解决了水平层流种植方式的环境适应性问题。使用紫外线、臭氧等方案对营养液进行综合处理,提高了营养液循环使用率,减少了淡水资源的消耗,降低了设备在海环境条件下的保障需求。该植物工厂的应用解决了船在航行中新鲜蔬菜的补给问题,同时也起到了对海上长期漂泊人员心理的一种疗愈功能。

基于ADC和AHP的舰载双波段雷达作战效能评估

针对舰载双波段雷达作战效能评估问题,提出一种基于ADC和AHP的作战效能评估方法。首先,建立了适用于舰载双波段雷达特点的ADC模型,给出了各因子的具体评估过程。然后,通过AHP给出了能力因子各指标权重系数的计算方法。最后以某舰载双波段雷达为例,给出了模型的应用实例。该模型可操作性强,能准确评估舰载双波段雷达作战效能。

基于故障树分析法的舰载武器装备电子元器件及PCB的失效研究

目的 对极端海洋环境下某型舰声呐装置中的多功能信号发生器进行失效研究。方法 使用故障树分析法作为失效分析基本方法。首先通过微焦点CT检测技术对样品进行准确的失效定位,并通过扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析样品的失效机理。然后结合应用背景,分析归纳样品失效的机理因子和影响因素。最后,针对每种失效形式提出具体的改善方案。结果 由电阻本身表面形貌、额定温度及外部环境(高温、高湿、高盐)等原因,导致含有盐雾的水汽进入电阻内部,致使电阻内部出现电化学迁移现象,电阻阻值因此明显降低,最终导致多功能信号发生器出现失效。结论 舰艇中的电子设备,如多功能信号发生器的失效往往是由设计制造及各种海洋环境因素综合作用所造成的。这就要求舰载电子设备的研制方、使用方都应重视海洋环境适应性问题,并采取一定的改善措施。

对大初速舰炮炮弹跟踪能力需求分析

新型舰炮武器炮弹发射能量可调且初速大、对观测设备的跟踪能力提出了很高要求。建立了观测设备对炮弹方位、高低跟踪死区模型。通过理论计算与仿真分析,明确方向跟踪死区、高低跟踪死区与初始观测距离、炮弹高度和速度,以及观测设备跟踪角速度之间的关系,并用于计算在一定炮弹初速和水平观测距离条件下,在本舰或协同平台进行观测时,对炮弹实现有效跟踪所需的初始观测距离或预置观测点,对保障大初速舰炮炮弹的有效跟踪具有重要意义。

某型舰载机目标的ISAR成像算法研究

逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像技术因其能够提供目标的高分辨率二维图像,已经成为军事侦察、地球观测和灾害监测等领域的重要工具,但是,由于目标的复杂运动,传统的ISAR成像方法往往会出现图像模糊和失真的问题。距离多普勒(RD)算法通过对雷达回波数据进行二维傅里叶变换,可以有效地抑制目标的复杂运动对ISAR图像的影响,从而获得更清晰、更精确的图像,然而,在处理目标加速度和微动方面存在局限性。文中首先说明了ISAR的成像原理,介绍了运动补偿中的包络对齐,在此基础上,提出一种改进的包络对齐方法,通过某卫星成像对该算法进行验证,证明了该方法的适用性和灵活性,运用改进的包络对齐方法对某型舰载机成像,发现该方法可以有效地提高ISAR图像的质量和分辨率。

基于CFD方法的舰载直升机着舰风限图计算

本文建立了一种基于Navier⁃Stokes方程的直升机着舰流场计算方法,可应用于着舰区域旋翼/机身/尾桨气动力的计算。该方法采用隐式耦合的求解方式,以双时间方法进行推进来模拟直升机着舰过程中着舰域的流场特性。为提高计算效率,旋翼和尾桨采用动量源模型来计算其在流场中的作用。在使用该计算方法的同时,本文采取多项式拟合的方式修正直升机非线性飞行动力学模型的计算结果,以此实现复杂流场中的直升机配平计算。应用所建立的方法,文中以UH⁃60A直升机和SFS2舰船为研究对象,进行了单机的耦合CFD方法的全机配平分析,验证了配平方法的可行性。然后引入了直升机安全着舰判据,利用耦合CFD的配平方法和安全着舰判据,计算了该机/舰组合的理论着舰风限图。

基于自抗扰理论的舰载武器随动控制研究

舰载平台在复杂海面风浪环境下保持姿态的稳定,是舰载武器工作的重要基础。针对舰载平台的姿态稳定控制,设计了自抗扰控制器提高了舰载平台对目标角度随动跟踪的精度,并保证了系统快速响应,抑制风浪扰动及负载扰动等不确定因素的影响。为进一步提高控制器的控制效果,提出粒子群算法进行了控制器的智能化参数寻优,经过仿真分析及样机试验验证了自抗扰控制器在提高系统随动跟踪快速性、精准性及鲁棒性的作用。

基于多关键点检测加权融合的无人机相对位姿估计算法

针对无人机降落阶段中无人船受水面波浪影响导致图像产生运动模糊以及获取无人机相对位姿精度低且鲁棒性差的问题,提出一种基于多模型关键点加权融合的6D目标位姿估计算法,以提高位姿估计的精度和鲁棒性.首先,基于无人船陀螺仪得到的运动信息设计帧间抖动模型,通过还原图像信息达到降低图像噪声的目的;然后,设计一种多模型的级联回归特征提取算法,通过多模型检测舰载视觉系统获取的图像,以增强特征空间的多样性;同时,将检测过程中关键点定位形状增量集作为融合权重对模型进行加权融合,以提高特征空间的鲁棒性;紧接着,利用EPnP(Efficient perspective-n-point)计算关键点相机坐标系坐标,将PnP(Perspective-n-point)问题转化为ICP(Iterative closest point)问题;最终,基于关键点解集的离散度为关键点赋权,使用ICP算法求解位姿以削弱深度信息对位姿的影响.仿真结果表明,该算法能够建立一个精度更高的特征空间,使得位姿解算时特征映射的损失降低,最终提高位姿解算的精度.

基于三角面元的海岸带机载/船载LiDAR点云配准方法研究

机载LiDAR系统与船载LiDAR系统是获取海岸带点云数据的常用方式。两种测量系统所测数据具有空间差异性和互补性,对这两类非同源点云数据进行配准具有重要意义。本研究提出一种基于三角面元的LiDAR点云配准算法,根据空间分布将目标点云分割成若干不规则的三角面元作为配准基元,利用点-面变换模型,最小化源点云中的测量点与其平面位置处的三角面元间的距离,最终实现海岸带区域点云配准。实验结果表明,配准前后的样本点距离平均误差和点-面距离均方根误差分别从3.30和1.51 m降低到0.76和0.17 m,本研究基于三角面元的点云配准方法可以有效消除海岸带非同源点云数据测量空隙、角度偏差等现象。

用于海上风力发电机的改进船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿方法

在维修海上风力发电机时发现传统船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿系统存在求解精度低、控制响应慢的问题。为此,提出基于Denavit-Hartenburg法的栈桥空间位姿解算方法,并使用参考系转换的方法降低逆运动求解难度;设计前馈Smith预估补偿PID控制器,解决传统PID控制器跟踪动态信号存在的长延时问题;结合船载登乘栈桥的动力学模型,采用Simulink软件进行仿真控制实验。实验结果表明,在低海况且控制系统的延迟时间取0.24 s时,改进后的船载登乘栈桥主动波浪补偿方法使栈桥的最大偏移量减小了79.3%,以平均偏移标准差作为栈桥稳定性评估依据时其稳定性提升了79.6%。由此可见:该补偿方法具有良好的波浪补偿能力,同时还具有快速求解和时间延迟包容性等优点,有利于提高实时补偿系统的整体控制精度和响应速度。