Genetic Analysis of Embryo Production Frequency in Wheat × Maize Cross

A DH population derived from C49S-87/01Y1-1069 was used to study the inheritance of wheat haploid embryo production frequency（EPF） in wheat × maize cross with the mixed major gene and polygene inheritance model of quantitative traits. The results showed that the EPF of wheat × maize cross was controlled by two dominant epistatic genes and polygene with gene effects of 1.95 for the first major gene, 6.69 for the second one and 2.80 for the polygene. The inheritability of major genes was as high as 72.09%, suggesting that the differences in EPF among wheat materials were mainly influenced by genotype. However, non-genetic factors were still important, especially for wheat materials with low EPF.

Propagation effects of low frequency electromagnetic waves in production well

The frequency domain electromagnetic method has already been widely used for tomographic imaging or electromagnetic well logging. However, different from open hole logging, the metal casing existing in production well logging has a strong shielding effect on the electromagnetic waves, thus bringing some difficulties to the application of the frequency domain electromagnetic method in production well logging. According to the relation of the field source geometry to the ring around the mandrel, the general expressions of frequency domain electromagnetic responses in axially symmetrical layered conductive medium are deduced. The propagation effects caused by the low-frequency electromagnetic waves in cased hole are also analyzed. The distribution curves of eddy current density and magnetic flux density along the radial direction in the mandrel indicate that the eddy loss within the mandrel is proportional to the transmission signal frequency and the mandrel conductivity. The secondary field responses of different casing materials show that the transmission frequency has an important effect on the ability of electromagnetic waves penetrating the metal casing. The transmission frequency should be ultra-low in order to enable the electromagnetic signal to penetrate the casing easily. The numerical results of frequency responses for different casing physical parameters show that the casing thickness has a significant impact on the choice of the transmission frequency. It is also found that the effect of the casing radius on the transmission frequency can be neglected.

Production Decision Based on Discounted Price and Delivery Frequency for Garment Original Equipment Manufacturer with Constrained Capacity

Original equipment manufacturers(OEM) have never been so important and powerful as it is today in garment manufacturing industry.The OEMsupplier's production decisions always have a great impact on the market performance and the profits of a garment brand manufacturer.With constrained capacity and multiply buyers,howto make reasonable production decisions is an urgent problem for OEMsuppliers.A price discount model with a single OEMsupplier and two buyers is proposed to deal with the problem.Based on this model,the OEMsupplier could satisfy buyers' demands and guarantee their profits as well through adjusting price and delivery frequency.A numerical example validates the validity of the model.

Effect of symmetrical frequency chirp on pair production

By using Dirac–Heisenberg–Wigner formalism we study electron–positron pair production for linear, elliptic, nearly circular, and circular polarizations of electric fields with symmetrical frequency chirp, and we obtain momentum spectra and pair yield. The difference of results among polarized fields is obvious for the small chirp. When the chirp parameter increases, the momentum spectra tend to exhibit the multiphoton pair generation that is characterized by the multi-concentric ring structure. The increase of the number density is also remarkable compared to the case of asymmetrical frequency chirp. Note that the dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism plays an important role for the enhanced pair production in the symmetrical frequency chirp.

Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in <i>Rhododendron reticulatum</i>

Plasticity in crown architecture, contributing to leaf arrangement within crown, is an important feature for whole plant carbon assimilation and survival. In this study, I examined the plasticity in crown architecture to light condition and developmental stage by the changes in shoot production. Rhododendron reticulatum expands crown with orthotropic growth in monopodial branching in young stage, but orthotropic growth is ceased in adult stage. Main stem of young crown is described with monopodial branching regardless of light environment. But multi-layer crown is observed in sun-lit environment rather than mono-layer crown in adult stage. Long shoot production for each branching system (foliage derived from sympodial branching) in young crown is associated with local light environment, but not in adult crown. Long shoot production rate is correlated with long shoot production rate of its mother shoot in young crown, but not in mono-layer crown. These results suggest that young crown expands branches to sun-lit position whereas adult crown reduces congestion of shoots with stochastic shoot production regardless of shoot production of mother shoots. I concluded that both light and developmental stage are important factors for shoot production and constructing crown architecture.

Time-Frequency Bandwidth Product Estimation of Sinusoidal Non-Linear Chirp Keying Scheme

Sine Non-linear Chirp Keying(SNCK) is a kind of high-efficient modulation scheme, which provides a potential new beamforming method in communication and radar systems. It has been proved to have advantages in some parameter estimation issues over conventional modulation schemes. In this paper, a novel transform termed as Discrete Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation transform(DSFMT) is proposed. Then, the DSFMT of SNCK signal is deduced and classified into three types, based on which, the time-bandwidth product is estimated by the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the noise has a signifi cant impact on the localization of the peak value and the time-bandwidth product can be estimated by using local ratio values when.

Erratum to “Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in <i>Rhododendron reticulatum</i>” [American Journal of Plant Sciences 4 (2013) 69-76]

The original online version of this article (Yoshimura, K. (2013) Irradiance and Developmental Stages of Crown Architecture Affect Shoot Production in Rhododendron reticulatum. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4, 69-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.45A011) was published as a single-author paper mistakenly. To reflect the contribution and responsibility of the second author as well as the affiliations of the authors at the time of the study, we have revised the authorship and author affiliations of this article. The author wishes to correct the errors as: Kenichi Yoshimura1,2, Hiroaki Ishii1 1Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan 2Present Address: Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan Email: y.shimuken@gmail.

Guangxi Beihai China Resources Cement Shoots at Putting into Production in May 2014

China Resources Cement in Hepu County of Beihai City is building two new type dry method cement production lines with two sets of 9 MW pure low temperatures residual heat power generating systems matched. Phase I of the project will be invested CNY I billion, and had been invested CNY 0.13 billion in 2012. China Resources Cement is shooting at putting the lines into production in May 2014.

The Effect of Water Saving and Production Increment by Drip Irrigation Schedules

Drip irrigation system can achieve high uniformity. When the system is designed for uniformity coefficient equal or more than 70%, the water application in the field can be expressed as a normal distribution and further simplified to a linear distribution. This paper will describe the irrigation scheduling parameters, percent of deficit, application efficiency and coefficient of variation by simple mathematical model. Using this effective model and the irrigation application, the total yield affected by the total water application for different uniformity of irrigation application can be determined. More over, this paper uses the cost of water, price of yield, uniformity of the drip irrigation system, crop response to water application and environmental concerns of pollution and contamination to determine the optimal irrigation schedule. A case study shows that the optimal irrigation schedule can achieve the effect of water saving and production increment compared with the conventional irrigation schedule in which the whole field is fully irrigated. Key words drip irrigation - linear cumulative frequency curve - optimal irrigation schedule - water saving - production increment CLC number TV 139.1 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59379407)Biography: QIU Yuan-feng (1973-), male, Ph. D, research direction: water saving irrigation theory and techniques.

RFID-based Production Data Analysis in an IoT-enabled Smart Job-shop

Under industry 4.0, internet of things(IoT), especially radio frequency identification(RFID) technology, has been widely applied in manufacturing environment. This technology can bring convenience to production control and production transparency. Meanwhile, it generates increasing production data that are sometimes discrete, uncorrelated, and hard-to-use. Thus,an efficient analysis method is needed to utilize the invaluable data. This work provides an RFID-based production data analysis method for production control in Io T-enabled smart job-shops.The physical configuration and operation logic of Io T-enabled smart job-shop production are firstly described. Based on that,an RFID-based production data model is built to formalize and correlate the heterogeneous production data. Then, an eventdriven RFID-based production data analysis method is proposed to construct the RFID events and judge the process command execution. Furthermore, a near big data approach is used to excavate hidden information and knowledge from the historical production data. A demonstrative case is studied to verify the feasibility of the proposed model and methods. It is expected that our work will provide a different insight into the RFIDbased production data analysis.

Low-Power Three-Stage Amplifier Using Active-Feedback Miller Capacitor and Serial RC Frequency Compensation

A low-power three-stage amplifier for driving large capacitive load is proposed. The feedback path formed by the active-feedback Miller capacitor leads to a high frequency complex-pole but a high Q-value, which significantly deteriorates the stability of the amplifier. The serial RC stage introduced as the second stage output load can optimize the resistor Rz and the capacitor Cz under fixed power and small compensation capacitor Ca, which brings about a suitable Q-value of the complex-pole and the gain-bandwidth product extension of the amplifier. The amplifiers were designed and implemented in a standard 65 nm CMOS process with capacitive loads of 500 p F and 2 n F, respectively. The post-layout simulation results show that the amplifier driving the 500 p F capacitive load can achieve a gain of 113 d B, a phase margin of 50.6° and a gain-bandwidth product of 5.22 MHz while consuming 24 μW from a 1.2 V supply. For the 2 n F capacitive load, the amplifier has a gain of 102 d B, a phase margin of 52.8°, a gain-bandwidth product of 4.41 MHz and a power of 43 μW. The total compensation capacitors are equal to 1.13 p F and 1.03 p F. The better figures-of-merits are 108 750 and 205 113(MHz×p F/m W). The layout areas are 0.064 mm×0.026 mm and 0.063 mm×0.027 mm. Compared with the CFCC scheme, the gainbandwidth product is extended by 1.6 times at CL=500 p F and Ca=1.1 p F.

LIFE CYCLE AND PRODUCTION OF CHIRONOMIDAE(DIPTERA) IN BIANDANTANG, A TYPICAL MACROPHYTIC LAKE (HUBEI, CHINA)

The life cycle and annual production of four dominant species of Chironomids ( Chironomus plumosus, Chironomus sp., Clinotanypus sp., Tokunagayusurika akamusi) were studied with samples taken monthly in Biandantang Lake at eight stations from April, 1996 to March, 1997. Instar frequency data showed C. plumosus was univoltine, while the other three were bivoltine. Production in wet weight (g/(m 2·a)) calculated by the size frequency method for each species were: C. plumosus, 2.663 ; Chironomus sp.,1.161 ;Clinotanypus sp., 0.270; T. akamusi , 1.476. Based on the mean standing stock, their P/B ratios were 3.2, 4.0, 6.2 and 4.4, respectively.

Digital implementation and analysis of a high dynamic frequency tracking loop

In the wireless guidance system, the signals that receiver received has obvious Doppler shift for the high dynamic characteristic of the carrier. A new solution of carrier frequency tracking loop with frequency modifying system is put forward. The characteristic of cross product auto frequency control and the second order loop filter in this loop are analyzed. The simulation shows that this loop can accomplish frequency tracking well in high dynamic circumstance.

Preparation of novel Ni-Ir/γ-Al_2O_3 catalyst via high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction process

The novel Ni-Ir/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, denoted as NIA-P, was prepared by high-frequency cold plasma direct reduction method under ambient conditions without thermal treatment, and the conventional sample, denoted as NIA-CR, was prepared by impregnation, thermal calcination, and then by H2 reduction method. The effects of reduction methods on the catalysts for ammonia decomposition were studied, and they were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption, XPS, and H2-TPD. It was found that the plasma-reduced NIA-P sample showed a better catalytic performance, over which ammonia conversion was 68.9%, at T = 450℃, P = 1 atm, and GHSV = 30, 000 h^-1. It was 31.7% higher than that of the conventional NIA-CR sample. XRD results showed that the crystallite size decreased for the sample with plasma reduction, and the dispersion of active components was improved. There were more active components on the surface of the NIA-P sample from the XPS results. This effect resulted in the higher activity for decomposition of ammonia. Meanwhile, the plasma process significantly decreased the time of preparing catalyst.

Non-Thermal Radio Frequency Stimulation Inhibits the Tryptophan Synthase Beta Subunit in the Algae <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>

To demonstrate the ability of the Nativis signal transduction technology (Butters et al. 2014) to modulate the expression of algae mRNA and protein, we tested if we can alter specific enzyme levels in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We inhibited the synthesis of the enzyme tryptophan synthase beta subunit (MAA7) by applying the signal derived from a published siRNA (Zhao et al. 2009). With lower levels of MAA7, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can grow in the presence of the prodrug 5-Fluoroindole (5-FI), because less 5-Fluoroin-dole can be converted to the toxic 5-Fluoro-L-tryptophan (5-FT). We find a 24% (&plusmn;5%) increase of growth with the signal versus no signal. To see if that effect was due to the reduction of the amount of mRNA encoding MAA7, we used Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) to measure the levels of MAA7 mRNA. To normalize the MAA7 mRNA level, we compared them to the levels of a mRNA that is not affected by the signal (G protein beta subunit-like polypeptide, Cblp). Two conditions increase the effectiveness of the signal. One can either treat the cell cultures during the logarithmic growth phase (starting the cultures at density of 0.104 OD at 750 nm). Or one can treat the cultures at a later stage of the logarithmic growth, but treating them for a longer time (8.7% versus 3.5% of the culture time). Under these conditions we found around a 50% decrease in the mRNA levels for MAA7. Treating the cultures at the earlier growth phase or at a later growth phase is less effective, with only a 20% effect.

ERGODIC CAPACITY FORMULA OF MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS UNDER CORRELATED FREQUENCY SELECTIVE RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNELS

An explicit formula for the ergodic capacity of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems under correlated frequency selective Rayleigh channels is derived,by simplifying the channel response matrix in frequency domain into the so-called Kronecker model composed of three kinds of correlations,i.e.multipath tap gain correlation and spatial fading correlations at both transmitter and receiver.The derived formula is very simple and convenient for one to estimate the effects of all three kinds of correlations on MIMO-OFDM capacity.If taps are independent,there is a very simple expression for the ergodic capacity.In case of tap correlation,the capacity formula could be further given in an integral expression.The validity of the new formula is verified and the effects of correlations,delay spread as well as the number of subcarriers on the ergodic capacity are evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations.

SIGNAL CONSTELLATIONS DESIGN FOR DIFFERENTIAL UNITARY SPACE-TIME IN MIMO-OFDM SYSTEM OVER FREQUENCY-SELECTIVE FADING CHANNELS

In this paper, the design of signal constellations parameters is studied for Differential Unitary Space-Time Modulation (DUSTM) based on the design criterion of maximizing the diversity product. Further, noninteger searching method for the signal constellation parameters design is proposed in order to get better codes. Experimental results show that under the different Doppler spread and data transmission rate, the proposed design performs better than the previous design using integer parameters in Multiple Input Multiple Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system over frequency-selective fading channels.

Detection and Delineating of Hydrocarbon Contaminants by Using Time and Frequency Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar

This paper provides the results of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) method to detect hydrocarbon products (diesel and gasoline) in a controlled lab test. The work addresses the environmental problem generated by the uncontrolled leakage of hydrocarbon products and the subsequent contamination of plumes in the subsoil. Most of the research proposes the geophysical techniques to evaluate the plumes but some controversial were discussed on how it affected the electrical and dielectric response depending on the excitation of the non-invasive method. The present work focuses on a comparative analysis of some signal attributes of the GPR traces to determine under what premises the detection is properly done. These signal attributes were from the time and frequency domain as attenuation coefficient, instantaneous amplitude and frequency have been considered to analyze three different soil samples. The laboratory tests consist of buried liquid (total hydrocarbon of petroleum, so called TPH) bags in the soil sample boxes reveal the range of target detection and consistency of data on the controlled test regarding the dielectric soil characterization and the delimiting position and depth. Instantaneous amplitude and time-frequency shift are revealed as promising signal attributes to accurate detection of the TPH presence. Numerical simulation data were also carried out to interpret the signal reflections on radargrams and to confirm experimental trends and the benefits of using the above signal attributes in time-frequency domain.

广西笋用竹种质资源及其利用调查

调查了广西的笋用竹种质资源及其利用现状,结果显示,广西适宜笋用的竹种有6属41种(包括变种或品种)。其中,夏季出笋的竹种有3属24种,以大型丛生竹——麻竹种植面积较大,甜龙竹发展潜力大;冬、春季出笋的竹种有2属14种,以大型散生竹——毛竹种植面积最大,但以材用林为主,笋产量较低,刚竹属、大节竹属的其它笋用竹种有零星种植;秋季出笋的竹种有寒竹属1属3种,其笋亦称为“重阳笋”,利用较少。在笋用竹种中人工种植面积在6.67 hm^(2)以上的有麻竹、勃氏甜龙竹、绿竹、毛竹和雷竹5种。调查中还发现了一些新的笋用竹种,竹笋品质佳,但种群量少,处于濒危状态。广西发展笋用竹应重视多种竹种的利用,既要发展麻竹笋用林,也要发展甜龙竹、毛竹及寒竹属竹种等的笋用林,构建全年供笋格局;加大广西本土优良笋用竹种及濒危笋用竹种的培育与利用,选育笋用竹良种,并加快推广种植。