Investigation on microprocessor based waveform control of short circuit transfer CO_2 welding

A new kind of simple and flexible CO2 welding system was developed to carry out waveform control. The system consisted of IGBT inverter, PWM circuit and microprocessor unit （ MPU） , in which the output current of constant current （CC） power supply could be changed according to transient physical state, and the variable down slope rate control could be used to ensure a stable welding process. The welding experiment results proved the effectiveness of this control approach.

Determining the feature values of parameters indicating the critical states of molten metal bridge in short circuit transfer

Short circuit transfer involves bridging between the consumable electrode and the weld pool, associated with variations of electrical parameters which characterize the change of molten metal bridge state and are very important for the control of .spatter. In this paper, electrical process parameters and short circuit transfer images were simultaneously recorded with a LabView-based synchronous sensing and visualizing system. The arc^bridge resistance and derivatives of welding current, arc voltage and arc resistance at various instants were calculated by means of offline analysis of the welding current, arc voltage and droplet images. Parameters and their feature values indicating the onset of short circuit and the oncoming necking-down of molten metal bridge were determined. Using the calculated feature values, bridge-state-feedback control for .short circuit transfer was realized with a spatter rate less than 0. 25%.

A new simulation model and its application in CO_2 short-circuiting transfer welding

A new simulation model of CO 2 short circuiting transfer welding may be employed to develop a new pattern of welding machine and to predict welding process parameters to obtain the optimum welding technology properties. In this paper, a new simulating model is developed according to the AWP (adapting welding physics process) waveform control method. Good agreement is shown between the predicted and experimentally determined results. The model will make an important promotion in the development of CO 2 arc welding technique.

Appearance and characteristics of non explosive short circuit transfer using basic electrodes

By means of high-speed photograph and synchronous oscillograph, the appearance and technical features of non-explosive short circuiting transfer using basic electrodes are investigated, and the conditions to form this metal transfer mode are discussed. It is shown that the metal transfer mode has its high frequency of droplet, short period of arc extinguishing and long arc igniting period. This metal transfer mode is expected for basic electrodes for its less spatter and higher deposition efficiency.

Computer simulation of short-circuiting transfer welding under waveform control on inverter power source

A simulation model is introduced about the non-linearity process of short-circuiting transfer in CO2 arc welding for displaying the interaction between the inverter power source and welding arc under waveform control. In the simulation model, the feedback signals of current and voltage are taken respectively at the different phase in a short circuit periodic time and applied to the PWM （pulse width modulation） module in a model of inverter power source to control the output of power source. The simulation operation about the dynamic process of CO2 short-circuiting transfer welding is implemented on the founded simulation model with a peak arc current of 400 A and a peak voltage of 35 V, producing the dynamic arc waveforms which can embody the effect of inverter harmonic wave. The simulating waveforms are close to that of welding experiments.

Effect of welding speed and electrode extension on the approximate entropy of welding current in short-circuiting GMAW

Based on the phase space reconstruction of welding current in short-circuiting transfer arc welding under carbon dioxide, the approximate entropy of welding current and its standard deviation have been calculated and analyzed at different welding speeds and different electrode extensions respectively. The experimental and calculated results show that at a certain arc voltage, wire feeding rate and gas flow rate, welding speed and electrode extension have significant effects not only on the approximate entropy of welding current, but also on the stability of welding process. Further analysis proves that when the welding speed and electrode extension are in an appropriate range respectively, the welding current approximate entropy attains maximum and its standard deviation minimum. Just under such circumstances, the welding process is in the most stable state.

Test for random in electrical signals time series of CO_2 short circuit transition welding process by the method of surrogate data

This paper introduced the basic theory and algorithm of the surrogate data method, which proposed a rigorous way to detect the random and seemingly stochastic characteristics in a system. The Gaussian data and the Rossler data were used to show the availability and effectivity of this method. According to the analysis by this method based on the short-circuiting current signals under the conditions of the same voltage and different wire feed speeds, it is demonstrated that the electrical signals time series exhibit apparently randomness when the welding parameters do not match. However, the electrical signals time series are deterministic when a match is found. The stability of short-circuiting transfer process could be judged exactly by the method of surrogate data.

摩擦纳米发电机等效电偶层模型

从电偶极子和电偶层的物理性质出发,将摩擦纳米发电机的摩擦层和电极层分别视为电偶层,在机械外力作用下摩擦层电偶极矩变化使电极层发生静电感应,产生附加极化电流,在电极层之间建立电势差。电极层的等效电偶极矩总是等于摩擦层电偶极矩增量的负值,进而得出摩擦层连同电极层组成的系统电偶极矩守恒,给出摩擦纳米发电机电偶层模型的数学表述和解算过程。以垂直接触分离式、水平滑动式和独立层式摩擦纳米发电机的基本机型为研究对象,利用电偶层模型解算了其短路转移电荷量、开路电压、附加极化电流密度和固有电容。结果表明,电偶层模型简洁高效,可以给出绝大部分参量的解析解,相关结论与既有结论具有高度一致性且模型解算过程中未使用近似计算。

变工况条件下三相异步电机匝间短路故障诊断

针对三相异步电机匝间短路故障在不同工况下数据分布不一致带来的泛化识别准确率下降的问题。提出了一种基于残差-自注意力网络的迁移学习方法,通过在残差网络中嵌入自注意力机制实现特征强化并利用源域数据进行模型训练,然后利用迁移学习的微调策略使得模型能更好地适应目标域的特征分布,以此来增加模型在目标域数据中的适应性能力。此外,通过设计对比实验探究了引入微调训练以及在模型中嵌入自注意力机制对于模型诊断性能的影响。实验结果表明,所提方法在3种负载条件下迁移的平均准确率为87.5%,相较于一般的残差网络准确率提高了4.5%,同时召回率和F1分数分别提高了约10%和6%。

10kV油浸式变压器匝间短路故障反演与定位

为了解决油浸式变压器内部匝间短路故障在线定位的问题,提出了匝间短路故障反演定位方法,实现了采用无接触测量的油箱外壳红外测温数据对内部故障位置和发热量进行反演计算的目标。首先建立了油浸式变压器传热正演计算模型,并基于正演模型提出了匝间短路故障反演计算方法;然后将故障反演求解问题转化为变压器内部热源参数最优化问题,采用二维粒子群算法进行寻优求解。采用变压器温升试验对模型仿真结果有效性进行了验证,并进行匝间短路故障案例分析。研究结果表明,提出的匝间短路故障反演算法的故障位置定位误差平均值为5.60%,可有效对油浸式变压器匝间短路故障进行在线反演定位计算。

压电驱动GMAW短路过渡行为控制

文中提出了一种基于压电致动器的高动态焊丝启停控制技术,压电致动器膨胀锁止焊丝,收缩则释放焊丝.在焊丝锁止-释放过程中,可以主动驱动熔滴与熔池短路,并利用这一动态过程产生的惯性力驱动短路液桥断裂完成一次熔滴过渡.研究结果表明,组合压电致动器的加入对于小电流下GMAW短路过渡有显著的改善,短路开始和结束都稳定可控,避免了随机短路的发生,不再依赖大短路电流强制缩颈液桥,短路过渡频率显著提升,在DCEP 100 A焊接电流下可达130 Hz,DCEN模式下由于阴极斑点爬升导致电弧稳定性较差,但短路过渡频率也可达100 Hz.

铝合金冷弧焊接熔滴过渡行为分析

利用高速摄像系统和电流电压同步采集系统获得了5183铝合金焊丝冷弧以及传统短路过渡焊接过程的熔滴过渡高速图像及电流电压波形,并分析了熔滴过渡行为。通过对比冷弧焊接技术与传统短路焊接技术,发现冷弧焊接技术通过燃弧阶段电流控制,使短路过渡更早发生,有效缩短了熔滴过渡周期,减小了熔滴尺寸;通过短路阶段波形控制,降低了熔滴受到的排斥作用,增强了熔滴过渡的稳定性。同时,冷弧焊接技术降低了短路峰值电流,避免了短路结束瞬间的飞溅产生。采用送丝速度为8 m/min进行冷弧焊接时,燃弧阶段会发生瞬时短路,熔滴与熔池分离瞬间有时会造成飞溅。

基于后级斩波可控短路过渡GMAW电源设计

采用熔化极气体保护焊(GMAW),在短路过渡时,焊缝成形好,过渡频率高。但是在电弧重新引燃时,大电流产生的电弧力会引起过渡金属的飞溅,使得短路过渡飞溅量大。可控短路过渡技术在短路过渡结束与重新引弧的瞬间,通过迅速降低焊接电流能够明显减少飞溅量。本文结合短路过程燃弧和短路过程的解耦分析,设计了基于后级斩波控制的可控短路过渡GMAW电源,通过检测焊接电压来预测燃弧,在燃弧的瞬间降低焊接电流以减少飞溅。在同等试验条件下发现传统短路控制的飞溅量大,而采用后级斩波控制的飞溅量明显减少。

弧焊参数采集与分析系统在熔化极气体保护焊中的应用

通过综合运用数据采集卡的模拟输入输出功能以及高速摄像的外部触发功能,利用虚拟仪器LABVIEW和高速摄像设备,开发了一套弧焊参数采集与分析系统。该系统可以对焊接过程的电信号信息和熔滴过渡图像信息同步采集,并对采集的电信号进行滤波处理、统计分析、U-I分析、相关性分析、FFT变换、STFT变换、功率谱分析等时域和频域的分析。将该系统应用于GMAW(gas metal arc welding)过程中,通过综合分析电信号与熔滴过渡图像的关系以及焊接电流变异系数与频率的关系,可以直观地反映出焊接过程稳定性和电信号与熔滴过渡的关系,为波形控制和熔滴过渡控制提供理论依据,有利于优化GMAW过程。

具备故障限流功能的中高压快速切换开关

固态切换开关(SSTS)是城市供电保障的关键装备,为解决现有SSTS装备存在的问题,此处提出一种新颖的具备故障限流功能的中高压固态切换开关装置(FCL-SSTS),其能够实现双路电源的快速切换和短路故障限流的双重功能。当主供电回路电压出现暂降或短时中断时,FCL-SSTS可实现备用供电回路的快速切换。当负荷侧出现短路故障时,FCL-SSTS可以快速实现故障限流功能,从而避免故障的扩大化,FCL-SSTS结构对装置的自我保护以及电力系统的安全可靠运行具有重要意义。

基于ETAP的储能电站电能质量研究

介绍ETAP软件的功能和特点,结合工程案例,利用ETAP软件建立模型,分析谐波电流、谐波电压、电压偏差;评估电压波动;利用传递系数和ETAP短路电流计算完成电压闪变计算。通过分析、比较储能电站计算值和标准规定限值,为电力部门接入设计提供参考依据。

双丝间接电弧氩弧焊的熔滴过渡

采用氙灯背光高速摄像系统及示波器对双丝间接电弧氩气保护焊的熔滴过渡及其对应的电压、电流波形进行了研究。结果表明,双丝间接电弧氩弧焊焊接电流与电弧电压的不同匹配选择,熔滴具有短路过渡、大滴过渡、混合过渡、射滴过渡、射流过渡等不同过渡形式。随着焊接电流的增大熔滴尺寸减小,熔滴细化,随电弧电压的增大,熔滴尺寸减小。熔滴过渡形式与电压、电流的波形之间有很好的对应关系。

CO_2气体保护焊短路过渡过程与电参数的关系

用计算机控制的高性能数据采集系统对 CO2 焊短路过渡过程的电参数进行了研究 .分析认为可利用电弧电压来指示熔滴短路及电弧复燃 ,利用电弧电压的微分来指示液体小桥缩颈 ,为 CO2 焊短路过渡实时控制奠定了基础 .

短路过渡CO_2焊电信号的小波滤波

利用傅里叶级数变换对CO2焊短路过渡过程的电信号特点进行了分析,指出短路过渡过程的电信号的频率分量包含了多种频率的谐波信号,既有短路过渡本身固有的低次谐波,还有短路过渡本身固有的高次谐波和高频干扰信号。应用软阈值小波滤波的方法对CO2焊普通短路过渡和波形控制短路过渡的电信号进行了处理和研究。结果表明,选择适当的波形数据处理方法对CO2焊短路过渡过程的研究具有重要意义。

波控CO_2焊短路过渡过程的计算机仿真及试验

提高CO2 焊工艺性能、减少飞溅的有效方法之一就是通过改进焊接电源设备 ,对电弧及熔滴过渡行为加以控制。本文在确定了短路过渡的合理的瞬时电流特征的基础上 ,提出了CO2 焊短路过渡过程的AWP (Adaptingweldingphysicsprocess)波形控制思想 ,利用MATLAB的仿真工具建立了数字仿真模型 ,并得出仿真波形。建立了试验系统 ,将仿真结果与试验结果相比较 ,两者的一致性很好 。