Anti-aliasing nonstationary signals detecion algorithm based on interpolation in the frequency domain using the short time Fourier transform

To eliminate the aliasing that appeared during the measurement of multi-components nonstationary signals, a novel kind of anti-aliasing algorithm based on the short time Fourier transform （STFT） is brought forward. First the physical essence of aliasing that occurs is analyzed; second the interpolation algorithm model is setup based on the Hamming window; then the fast implementation of the algorithm using the Newton iteration method is given. Using the numerical simulation the feasibility of algorithm is validated. Finally, the electrical circuit experiment shows the practicality of the algorithm in the electrical engineering.

Application of short-time Fourier transform to high-rise frame structural-health monitoring based on change of inherent frequency over time

The high-rise frame structure has become more and more widespread, like its damage from the complication of the environment. The traditional method of damage detection, which is only suitable for the stationary signal, does not apply to a high-rise frame structure because its damage signal is non-stationary. Thus, this paper presents an application of the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) to damage detection of high-rise frame structures. Compared with the fast Fourier transform, STFT is found to be able to express the frequency spectrum property of the time interval using the signal within this interval. Application of STFT to analyzing a Matlab model and the shaking table test with a twelve-story frame-structure model reveals that there is a positive correlation between the slope of the frequency versus time and the damage level. If the slope is equal to or greater than zero, the structure is not damaged. If the slope is smaller than zero, the structure is damaged, and the less the slope is, the more serious the damage is. The damage results from calculation based on the Matlab model are consistent with those from the shaking table test, demonstrating that STFT can be a reliable tool for the damage detection of high-rise frame structures.

Suppression to the cross-channel interference based on the short time Fourier transform

A new cross-channel interference suppression method is proposed to decrease the cross-channel interference in beat signals based on the short time Fourier transform （STY3＂） and the inverse short time Fourier transform （ISTFT） when the dual-orthogonal polarimetric frequency-modulated continu- ous wave （FMCW） radar adopts the opposite-slope linear frequency modulation signal pair in the simultaneous measurement mode. The STFT is applied only on the signals in the cross-interference intervals in the four polarimetric channels to decrease the computation complexity. A mask matrix for suppressing the interference is constructed using the constant false alarm ratio （CFAR） detection on the spectrograms by the STFY. The simulative results show that the cross-channel interference is effi- ciently suppressed by the proposed method. The comparison between the proposed method and the rejection method verifies the improved performance of the proposed method.

Short-Term Sinusoidal Modeling of an Oriental Music Signal by Using CQT Transform

In this paper, we propose a method for characterizing a musical signal by extracting a set of harmonic descriptors reflecting the maximum information contained in this signal. We focus our study on a signal of oriental music characterized by its richness in tone that can be extended to 1/4 tone, taking into account the frequency and time characteristics of this type of music. To do so, the original signal is slotted and analyzed on a window of short duration. This signal is viewed as the result of a combined modulation of amplitude and frequency. For this result, we apply short-term the non-stationary sinusoidal modeling technique. In each segment, the signal is represented by a set of sinusoids characterized by their intrinsic parameters: amplitudes, frequencies and phases. The modeling approach adopted is closely related to the slot window;therefore great importance is devoted to the study and the choice of the kind of the window and its width. It must be of variable length in order to get better results in the practical implementation of our method. For this purpose, evaluation tests were carried out by synthesizing the signal from the estimated parameters. Interesting results have been identified concerning the comparison of the synthesized signal with the original signal.

基于自适应短时Chirp-Fourier变换的瞬时转速估计及应用

回转设备的瞬时转速是实现故障诊断的重要参数之一,也是提取表征设备运行状态其他关键参数的基本前提。针对传统短时傅里叶变换方法存在瞬时转速估计精度不足的问题,提出一种基于自适应短时Chirp-Fourier变换的瞬时转速估计方法。该方法建立调频参数的自适应选取策略,可根据信号的时频分布特性对信号进行自适应匹配分解,不但提高了计算效率,而且避免了谱图模糊问题,实现瞬时转速的精确估计。在此基础上结合信号解调技术,形成无键相幅值相位解调方法,并成功应用于变工况下的齿轮箱故障诊断。

电力系统强迫振荡源定位的时-频域耗散能量流方法

准确定位强迫振荡源对电力系统的安全稳定运行意义重大。然而,由于强迫振荡模式的可观性和振荡时变特征,传统方法难以从多通道量测信息中有效提取振荡分量,从而降低了基于耗散能量流的强迫振荡源定位方法的定位精度。为此,提出了一种基于耗散能量流的电力系统强迫振荡源时-频域定位方法。首先,根据节点各量测通道间信息相关性,利用同步压缩短时傅里叶变换处理节点多通道量测信息,构建节点统一时-频系数矩阵;然后,根据强迫振荡分量的能量特性,利用时-频域能量筛选并同步提取时-频系数矩阵中的时-频域强迫振荡分量;进一步,根据测量信息的时-频域特性,在传统时域强迫振荡耗散能量流计算模型的基础上推导出基于同步压缩短时傅里叶变换的时-频域耗散能量流计算模型,并根据系统强迫振荡期间的时-频域耗散能量流能量特性定位强迫振荡源;最后,将所提方法应用于WECC 179节点测试系统、WECC 240节点测试系统的仿真振荡场景以及美国New England的实际振荡事件,所得结果表明所提时-频域定位方法可快速、精准定位强迫振荡源。

基于STFT-ECA-ResNet18网络模型的滚动轴承变负载故障诊断

针对传统方法处理变负载轴承故障诊断时存在的自适应能力弱,模型泛化性差的问题,提出了一种改进的基于深度残差网络的故障诊断方法。首先,将采集到的一维时间序列信号进行短时傅里叶变换得到二维时频数据,再利用二维卷积神经网络从变换后的数据中提取特征。然后,通过高效通道注意力机制获取通道全局信息并对其权值进行调整,以增强改进网络模型的泛化能力,使其在变负载工况下分类效果得到提高。最后,通过仿真对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明相比传统方法诊断效果改进明显。

FM interference suppression for PRC-CW radar based on adaptive STFT and time-varying filtering

The influence of frequency modulation （FM） interfer- ence on correlation detection performance of the pseudo random code continuous wave （PRC-CW） radar is analyzed. It is found that the correlation output deteriorates greatly when the FM inter- ference power exceeds the anti-jamming limit of the radar. Accord- ing to the fact that the PRC-CW radar echo is a wideband pseudo random signal occupying the whole TF plane, while the FM in- terference only concentrates in a small portion, a new method is proposed based on adaptive short-time Fourier transform （STFT） and time-varying filtering for FM interference suppression. This method filters the received signal by using a binary mask to excise only the portion of the TF plane corrupted by the interference. Two types of interference, linear FM （LFM） and sinusoidal FM （SFM）, under different signal-to-jamming ratio （S JR） are studied. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively suppress the FM interference and improve the performance of target detection.

A novel sparse filtering approach based on time-frequency feature extraction and softmax regression for intelligent fault diagnosis under different speeds

Modern agricultural mechanization has put forward higher requirements for the intelligent defect diagnosis.However,the fault features are usually learned and classified under all speeds without considering the effects of speed fluctuation.To overcome this deficiency,a novel intelligent defect detection framework based on time-frequency transformation is presented in this work.In the framework,the samples under one speed are employed for training sparse filtering model,and the remaining samples under different speeds are adopted for testing the effectiveness.Our proposed approach contains two stages:1)the time-frequency domain signals are acquired from the mechanical raw vibration data by the short time Fourier transform algorithm,and then the defect features are extracted from time-frequency domain signals by sparse filtering algorithm;2)different defect types are classified by the softmax regression using the defect features.The proposed approach can be employed to mine available fault characteristics adaptively and is an effective intelligent method for fault detection of agricultural equipment.The fault detection performances confirm that our approach not only owns strong ability for fault classification under different speeds,but also obtains higher identification accuracy than the other methods.

Radar Signal Intra-Pulse Feature Extraction Based on Improved Wavelet Transform Algorithm

With the new system radar put into practical use, the characteristics of complex radar signals are changing and developing. The traditional analysis method of one-dimensional transformation domain is no longer applicable to the modern radar signal processing, and it is necessary to seek new methods in the two-dimensional transformation domain. The time-frequency analysis method is the most widely used method in the two-dimensional transformation domain. In this paper, two typical time-frequency analysis methods of short-time Fourier transform and Wigner-Ville distribution are studied by analyzing the time-frequency transform of typical radar reconnaissance linear frequency modulation signal, aiming at the problem of low accuracy and sen-sitivity to the signal noise of common methods, the improved wavelet transform algorithm was proposed.

基于EfficientNet-WGANomaly的雷达辐射源个体开集识别

现代战场电磁环境日趋复杂,辐射源种类繁多,传统闭集环境下雷达辐射源的识别方法应用于开集环境上识别精度较低、鲁棒性较差。为了有效解决辐射源个体开集识别问题,提高辐射源个体识别的精度,借鉴图像异常检测的思想,提出了基于EfficientNet-WGANomaly的雷达辐射源个体开集识别方法。采用短时傅里叶变换对雷达辐射源信号进行时频特征转换,将一维信号数据转换成二维时频图,利用EfficientNet-WGANomaly模型对二维时频图进行特征重构和图像重构,未知信号重构前后的特征及图像差异性较大,利用图像异常检测的差异性区分已知信号和未知信号,并对已知信号进行个体识别。仿真实验表明,提出的方法有效解决了雷达辐射源个体开集识别的问题。

基于时频和双谱特征融合的DA-ResNeXt50射频指纹识别方法

针对射频指纹识别中单一特征无法全面表示信号的完整性,且类间特征差异较小从而限制识别准确率等问题,提出了一种基于时频和双谱特征融合的DA-ResNeXt50(ResNeXt50 with dense connection and ACBlock)射频指纹识别方法。首先,对采集到的不同设备的信号分别进行短时傅里叶变换(short-time Fourier transform,STFT)和双谱变换,将得到的图像二值化处理并拼接,综合利用两种变换分别在时频域和高阶统计特性上的优势,更全面地提取和表征不同设备的射频指纹特征;然后,提出了DA-ResNeXt50网络模型,借鉴密集连接思想,使四层残差单元每一层都与前面所有层直接相连,促进了特征的复用和传递,能更好地捕捉类间细微差异;最后,使用非对称卷积模块(asymmetric convolution block,ACBlock)替换模型最后一层残差单元的3×3卷积,可以有效地增加网络的感受野,增强卷积核的骨架部分,从而提高射频指纹识别性能。实验结果表明,相较于使用单一特征提取方法,提出的特征融合方法的性能有较大的提升,改进后的模型与多种经典模型相比,具有较高的识别精度。

Non-Stationary Signal Segmentation and Separation from Joint Time-Frequency Plane

Multi-components sinusoidal engineering signals who are non-stationary signals were considered in this study since their separation and segmentations are of great interests in many engineering fields. In most cases, the segmentation of non-stationary or multi-component signals is conducted in time domain. In this paper, we explore the advantages of applying joint time-frequency (TF) distribution of the multi-component signals to identify their segments. The Spectrogram that is known as Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) will be used for obtaining the time-frequency kernel. Time marginal of the computed kernel is optimally used for the signal segmentation. In order to obtain the desirable segmentation, it requires first to improve time marginal of the kernel by using two-dimensional Wiener mask filter applied to the TF kernel to mitigate and suppress non-stationary noise or interference. Additionally, a proper choice of the sliding window and its overlaying has enhanced our scheme to capture the discontinuities corresponding to the boundaries of the candidate segments.

基于短时傅立叶变换和改进Vision Transformer的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对传统故障诊断技术在精确与高效地诊断减速器滚动轴承故障信号方面所面临的挑战,文中提出了一种基于短时傅里叶变换与改进Vision Transformer模型的故障诊断新方法。此方法有效融合了短时傅里叶变换在处理非线性和非平稳信号上的优势以及Vision Transformer在图像分类任务上的卓越性能。通过短时傅里叶变换将一维的振动信号转化为包含时域和频域信息的二维图像数据,进而利用改进的Vision Transformer模型对这些图像数据进行处理,以实现对滚动轴承故障状态的精准诊断。在公开数据集上的实验结果验证了该方法的稳定性与高识别精度,展示了其在滚动轴承故障诊断领域的应用潜力。

小波分解-STFT方法在地形变观测数据中的应用

把小波分解与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)相结合,实现了对信号高频部分和低频部分的精细分解,同时给出信号高频部分的时频谱,结果直观明确,计算过程简单。这种方法不仅可以作为连续形变观测数据的常规分析方法,也可用于其他连续观测数据的分析。

基于高斯短时分数阶Fourier变换的海面微动目标检测方法

海上目标随海面颠簸导致姿态变化,引起回波功率调制效应,导致回波多普勒体现时变和非平稳特性.为此,本文将微多普勒理论应用于海杂波中弱目标检测,提出一种基于高斯短时分数阶Fourier变换(GSTFRFT)的海面微动目标检测方法.首先,建立海面目标的平动和三维转动回波模型;然后,基于海尖峰判别方法对回波信号进行数据筛选,改善信杂比,并采用GSTFRFT对微动信号进行增强处理,利用海面目标与海杂波的微动特征差异设计恒虚警检测方法;最后,通过GSTFRFT域滤波,提取信号的微动特征并得到瞬时频率.实测雷达数据仿真结果验证了算法的有效性,具有在强海杂波中检测微弱目标的能力.

基于瞬时频率估计的自适应Vold-Kalman阶比跟踪研究

结合旋转机械启停阶段振动信号的特点,提出了一种基于Viterbi算法和短时傅里叶变换(STFT-VA)的瞬时频率估计算法,STFT-VA算法在高噪声、临近阶比和交叉阶比情况下有较高的精度。实现了基于STFT-VA算法的自适应Vold-Kalman阶比跟踪(AVKF-OT),和传统的以硬件实现的Vold-Kalman阶比跟踪(VKF-OT)相比,此方法具有无需转速计等硬件、用纯软件的方法实现。实验结果表明,该方法能够在时域中准确地提取幅值和复杂频率变化的阶比,适合于复杂旋转机械振动响应特征提取。

STFT和Zoom-FRFT联合的多分量LFM信号参数估计方法

针对传统基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)的多分量线性调频信号(MLFM)参数估计方法中计算量大,估计精度低等问题,提出了一种短时傅里叶变换(STFT)和Zoom-FRFT联合的参数估计方法.首先,利用STFT得到MLFM信号的短时傅里叶域频谱图,对其进行直线检测得到各个分量参数的粗略估计.然后,利用LFM信号在FRFT域的频谱分布特征和STFT窗函数的主瓣带宽,计算得到待估计信号在FRFT域变换阶次和频谱的分析范围;最后,在Zoom-FRFT域采用优选法对各个分量进行精估计,得到精确的变换阶次和峰值位置.仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地对MLFM信号进行参数估计,可以根据实际需要灵活选择窗函数的宽度和细化倍数,与传统方法相比,提高参数估计精度的同时大大减小了计算量.

联合STFT-迭代变权拟合的LFM信号参数估计方法

针对现有线性调频(LFM)信号参数估计方法估计精度与估计速度难以兼得,以及对信号畸变敏感的难题,提出了一种联合Rife插值改进的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)-迭代变权最小二乘线性拟合(IRLSF)参数估计的方法。使用Rife插值改进的STFT较好地保持了LFM信号瞬时频率曲线的线性特征,迭代变权处理有效地抑制了估计得到的瞬时频率中出现异常值对参数估计精度的影响。该方法无需进行复杂的计算和参数搜索,实时性好。仿真分析表明,相对于常规最小二乘线性拟合(CLSF)方法信噪比下限降低了4dB。湖试结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。

心音信号的时-频分析

与心脏有关的各种疾病的信息常常反映在心音中。心音的改变和心脏杂音的出现,往往是器质性心脏病的最早体征。心音信号是非平稳信号,为全面了解心音信号的特性,文中探讨了短时傅立叶变换和小波分析两种时频分析方法;并利用它们对正常和非正常心音信号进行了分析,通过对比分析结果,比较了各自的优劣。