Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Properties of Cu_2O-loaded Short TiO_2 Nanotube Array Electrode Prepared by Sonoelectrochemical Deposition

Copper and titanium remain relatively plentiful in earth crust.Therefore,using them in solar energy conversion technologies are of significant interest.In this work,cuprous oxide（Cu2O）-modified short TiO2 nanotube array electrode was prepared based on the following two design ideas:first,the short titania nanotubes obtained from sonoelectrochemical anodization possess excellent charge separation and transportation properties as well as desirable mechanical stability;second,the sonoelectrochemical deposition technique favours the improvement in the combination between Cu2O and TiO2 nanotubes,and favours the dispersion of Cu2O particles.UV-Vis absorption and photo-electronchemical measurements proved that the Cu2O coating extended the visible spectrum absorption and the solar spectrum-induced photocurrent response.Under AM1.5 irradiation,the photocurrent density of the composite electrode（i.e.sonoelectrochemical deposition for 5 min） was more than 4.75 times as high as the pure nanotube electrode.Comparing the photoactivity of the Cu2O/TiO2 electrode obtained using sonoelectrochemical deposition with others that synthesized using plain electrochemical deposition,the photocurrent density of the former electrode was 2.2 times higher than that of the latter when biased at 1.0 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）.The reproducible photocurrent response under intermittent illumination demonstrated the excellent stability of the composite electrode.Such kind of composite electrode material will have many potential applications in solar cell and other fields.

Shallow water source localization using a mobile short horizontal array

This paper presents an approach to the challenging is- sue of passive source localization in shallow water using a mobile short horizontal linear array with length less than ten meters. The short array can be conveniently placed on autonomous underwa- ter vehicles and deployed for adaptive spatial sampling. However, the use of such small aperture passive sonar systems makes it difficult to acquire sufficient spatial gain for localizing long-range sources. To meet the requirement, a localization approach that employs matched-field based techniques that enable the short ho- rizontal linear array is used to passively localize acoustic sources in shallow water. Furthermore, the broadband processing and inter-position processing provide robustness against ocean en- vironmental mismatch and enhance the stability of the estimation process. The proposed approach＇s ability to localize acoustic sources in shallow water at different signal-to-noise ratios is examined through the synthetic test cases where the sources are located at the endfire and some other bearing of the mobile short horizontal linear array. The presented results demonstrate that the positional parameters of the estimated source build up over time as the array moves at a low speed along a straight line at a constant depth.

Source localization for the matched-mode processing by a short vertical array

The matched-mode processing is an important method of source localization and detection for a distant underwater target. In this paper, a fast iterative method of mode decomposition for a short vertical array is presented. It has very fast convergent speed. By the matched-mode processing with the iterated mode amplitude vector, the accuracy of source range and depth estimation are obviously raised, and the sidelobes are effectively suppressed.This method is used to reduce the length requirement of array and it has potential application prospects. With the simulated calculation of the Pekeris model and the Arctic Ocean channel,we prov that the new method of mode decomposition is reasonable and effective. The experiment of source localization for a short vertical array has been successfully performed from a Qingdao site, the Yellow Sea in December of 1993.

Mode decomposition and source localization performance for the short vertical array in shallow water

In this paper, by using the fast iterative method of mode decomposition[12], source range-depth localization performance of MMP for three kinds of vertical array (short, sparse and short-sparse arrays) in shallow water with a downward refraction sound-speed profile in the surnmertime is discussed; the accuracy of mode decomposition is measured by its rootmean-square error, RMS. The numerical results illustrate that the accuracy of source range and depth estimation are raised and the sidelobes are effectively suppressed. The short-sparse vertical array not only has shorter length and fewer hydrophones, but also can be applied to the different sea areas with various depth, so it is a practical type of vertical arrny in the engineering project of the passive source localization.

Alzheimer's disease with depressive symptoms: Clinical effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease(AD),characterized by the ongoing deterioration of neural function,often presents alongside depressive features and greatly affects the quality of life of individuals living with the condition.Although several treatment methods exist,their efficacy is limited.In recent years,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)utilizing the theta burst stimulation(TBS)mode,specifically the intermittent TBS(iTBS),has demonstrated promising therapeutic potential in the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.AIM To examine the therapeutic efficacy of iTBS mode of rTMS for treating depressive symptoms in patients with AD.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 105 individuals diagnosed with AD with depressive symptoms at Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital,affiliated with Huzhou University,between January 2020 and December 2023.Participants received standard pharmacological interventions and were categorized into control(n=53)and observation(n=52)groups based on treatment protocols.The observation group received iTBS mode of rTMS,while the control group received pseudo-stimulation.A comparative analysis evaluated psychological well-being,adverse events,and therapeutic at initiation of hospitalization(T0)and 15 days post-treatment(T1).RESULTS At T1,both groups exhibited a marked reduction in self-rating depression scale and Hamilton depression scale scores compared to T0.Furthermore,the observa-tion group showed a more pronounced decrease than the control group.By T1,the Mini-mental state examination scores for both groups had increased markedly from their initial T0 assessments.Importantly,the increase was particularly more substantial in the observation group than in the control group.Fourteen patients in the control group had ineffective treatment effects,while five patients in the observation group experienced the same.Additionally,the observation group experienced a substantially reduced incidence of ineffective treatment as compared to the control group(both P<0.05);there were no recorded serious adverse events in either group.CONCLUSION The iTBS model of rTMS effectively treated AD with depression,improving depressive symptoms and cognitive function in patients without serious adverse reactions,warranting clinical consideration.