Short range order transformation and magnetostriction of Fe_(83)Ga_(17) ribbons

The relationship between magnetostriction and structure of melt-spun Fes3Ga17 ribbons are investigated by XRD and M5ssbauer spectrum technique （MS）. As the heat-treatment temperature increases from 650℃ to 800℃, the magnetostriction coefficient of Fes3Ga17 ribbon first increases and then decreases. The largest magnetostriction coeiffcient （-578.4 ppm） is achieved in those specimens quenched at 750oc. According to the XRD and MSssbauer spectrum anal- ysis, a small quantity of DO3 phase is precipitated in Fe83Ga17 ribbons when quenched from 650℃ and the DO3 phase is gradually transformed into B2-1ike phase if quenched at higher temperature. However, both DO3 and B2-1ike phases disappear when the temperature increases up to 800℃. From this point of view, B2-1ike phase might be beneficial to the enhancement of magnetostrictive properties of melt-spun ribbons.

Short Range Top Attack Trajectory Optimum Design Based on Genetic Algorithm

A flying-body is considered as the reference model, the optimized mathematical model is established. The genetic operators are designed and algorithm parameters are selected reasonably. The scheme control signal in short range top attack flight trajectory is optimized by using genetic algorithm. The short range top attack trajectory designed meets the design requirements, with the increase of the falling angle and the decrease of the minimum range. The application of genetic algorithm to top attack trajectory optimization is proved to be feasibly and effectively according to the analyses of results.

Effects of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as end product

The effect of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product was studied by using a SBR. Experimental results indicated that the growth of nitrobacteria was inhibited and very high levels of nitrite accumulation at different salinities were achieved under the conditions of 25—28℃, pH 7.5? ?.0 , and the influent ammonia nitrogen of 40—70 mg/L when seawater flow used to flush toilet was less than 35%(salinity 12393 mg/L, Cl - 6778 mg/L) of total domestic wastewater flow, which is mainly ascribed to much high chlorine concentration of seawater. Results showed that high seawater salinity is available for short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product. When the seawater flow used to flush toilet accounting for above 70% of the total domestic wastewater flow, the removal efficiency of ammonia was still above 80% despite the removal of organics declined obviously(less than 60%). It was found that the effect of seawater salinity on the removal of organics was negative rather than positive one as shown for ammonia removal.

Respective Roles of Short-and Long-Range Interactions in Protein Folding

A new method was presented to discuss the respective roles of short- and long-range interactions in protein folding. It's based on an off-lattice model, which is also being called as toy model. Simulated annealing algorithm was used to search its native conformation. When it is applied to analysis proteins 1agt and 1aho, we find that helical segment cannot fold into native conformation without the influence of long-range interactions. That's to say that long-range interactions are the main determinants in protein folding. Key words toy model - protein folding - simulated annealing algorithm - short and long range interactions CLC number O 242.28 - Q71 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China((60301009)Biography: WANG Long-hui (1976-), female, Ph. D candidate, research direction: machine learning, bioinformatics.

Monthly gravity field solution from GRACE range measurements using modified short arc approach

In this paper we present a series of monthly gravity field solutions from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment（GRACE） range measurements using modified short arc approach,in which the ambiguity of range measurements is eliminated via differentiating two adjacent range measurements.The data used for developing our monthly gravity field model are same as Tongji-GRACEOl model except that the range measurements are used to replace the range rate measurements,and our model is truncated to degree and order 60,spanning Jan.2004 to Dec.2010 also same as Tongji-GRACE01 model.Based on the comparison results of the C_（2,0）,C_（2,1）,S_（2,1）,and C_（15,15）,S_（15,15）,time series and the global mass change signals as well as the mass change time series in Amazon area of our model with those of Tongji-GRACE01 model,we can conclude that our monthly gravity field model is comparable with Tongji-GRACE01 monthly model.

Correlation of work function and stacking fault energy through Kelvin probe force microscopy and nanohardness in diluteα-magnesium

Electronic interactions of the Group 2A elements with magnesium have been studied through the dilute solid solutions in binary Mg-Ca,Mg-Sr and Mg-Ba systems.This investigation incorporated the difference in the‘Work Function'(ΔWF)measured via Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy(KPFM),as a property directly affected by interatomic bond types,i.e.the electronic structure,nanoindentation measurements,and Stacking Fault Energy values reported in the literature.It was shown that the nano-hardness of the solid-solutionα-Mg phase changed in the order of Mg-Ca>Mg-Sr>Mg-Ba.Thus,it was shown,by also considering the nano-hardness levels,that SFE of a solid-solution is closely correlated with its‘Work Function'level.Nano-hardness measurements on the eutectics andΔWF difference between eutectic phases enabled an assessment of the relative bond strength and the pertinent electronic structures of the eutectics in the three alloys.Correlation withΔWF and at least qualitative verification of those computed SFE values with some experimental measurement techniques were considered important as those computational methods are based on zero Kelvin degree,relatively simple atomic models and a number of assumptions.As asserted by this investigation,if the results of measurement techniques can be qualitatively correlated with those of the computational methods,it can be possible to evaluate the electronic structures in alloys,starting from binary systems,going to ternary and then multi-elemental systems.Our investigation has shown that such a qualitative correlation is possible.After all,the SFE values are not treated as absolute values but rather become essential in comparative investigations when assessing the influences of alloying elements at a fundamental level,that is,free electron density distributions.Our study indicated that the principles of‘electronic metallurgy'in developing multi-elemental alloy systems can be followed via practical experimental methods,i.e.ΔWF measurements using KPFM and nanoindentation.

Short-range ordering plays a determining role in the low-cycle fatigue life improvement of fcc metals: A conclusive study on low solid-solution hardening Ni-Cr alloys

The effect of short-range ordering (SRO) on the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior of low solid-solution hardening Ni-Cr alloys with high stacking fault energies (SFEs) was systematically studied under cycling at constant total strain amplitude (Δε t /2) in the range of 0.1%–0.7%. The results show that an inducement of SRO structures can notably improve the fatigue life of the alloy regardless of Δε t /2, and several unique fatigue characteristics have been detected, including the transition of fatigue cracking mode from intergranular cracking to slip band cracking, the non-negligible evolution from non-Masing behavior in pure Ni to Masing behavior in the Ni-40Cr alloy, and the secondary cyclic hardening behavior in the Ni-10Cr and Ni-20Cr alloys. All these experimental phenomena are tightly associated with the transformation in cyclic deformation mechanisms that is induced by SRO based on the “glide plane softening” effect. Furthermore, a comprehensive fatigue life prediction model based on total hysteresis energy has been reasonably proposed, focusing on the analyses of the macroscopic model parameters (namely the fatigue cracking resistance exponent β and the crack propagation resistance parameter W 0 ) and microscopic damage mechanisms. In brief, on the premise that the effects of SFE and friction stress can be nearly ignored, as in the case of the present low solid-solution hardening Ni-Cr alloys with high SFEs, an enhancement of SRO in face-centered cubic metals has been convincingly confirmed to be an effective strategy to improve their LCF performance.

Structural Properties and Energy Analysis of Zr_(x)Cu_(90-x)Al_(10)Ternary Metallic Glasses

Classical molecular dynamics(MD)were conducted to study the structure and energy distribution of Zr_(x)Cu_(90-x)Al_(10)(x=20,30,40,50,60,70)ternary alloys.When the Zr composition is 30%,the glass transition temperature reaches the maximum value and the Zr_(30)Cu_(60)Al_(10)owns high glass forming ability(GFA).Analysis of the short⁃range structure shows that there are more low⁃energy Zr⁃centered polyhedron with high coordination number(CN)and Cu and Al⁃centered coordination polyhedron with CN=12 in Zr_(30)Cu_(60_Al_(10)alloy.As the medium⁃range structure is concerned,Zr_(30)Cu_(60_Al_(10)alloy has the largest number of coordination polyhedron connection sharing three atoms and connection in this way presenting the lowest energy.These low⁃energy and stable short and medium⁃range structures contribute to the high GFA of Zr_(30)Cu_(60_Al_(10).

Big Wave of the Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Internet of things is deemed as the one of the great revolution after the age of Industrial Revolution.With the development of the communication technology,more and more entities are connected to the communication network and become one of the elements in the network.Over recent decades,in the area of intelligent transportation,pedestrian and transport infrastructure are connected to the communication network to improve the driving safety and traffic efficiency which is known as the ICV(Intelligent Connected Vehicle).This paper summarizes the global ICV progresses in the past decades and the latest activities of ICV in China,and introduces various aspects regarding the recent development of the ICV,including industry development,spectrum and standard,at the same time.

Thermodynamic model for glass forming ability of ternary metallic glass systems

The thermodynamic model of multicomponent chemical short range order (MCSRO) was established in order to evaluate the glass forming ability (GFA) of ternary alloys. Comprehensive numerical calculations using MSCRO software were conducted to obtain the composition dependence of the MCSRO undercooling in Zr Ni Cu, Zr Si Cu and Pd Si Cu ternary systems. By the MCSRO undercooling principle, the composition range of Zr Ni Cu system with optimum GFA is determined to be 62.5 ～ 75 Zr, 5～ 20 Cu, 12.5 ～ 25 Ni ( n (Ni)/ n (Cu)=1～5). The TTT curves of Zr Ni Cu system were also calculated based on the MCSRO model. The critical cooling rates for Zr based alloy with deep MSCRO undercooling are estimated to be as low as 100?K/s, which is consistent with the practical cooling rate in the preparation of Zr based bulk metallic glass (BMG). The calculation also illustrates that the easy glass forming systems such as Pd based alloys exhibit an extraordinary deep MCSRO undercooling. It is shown that the thermodynamic model of MCSRO provides an effective method for the alloy designing of BMG.

Statistical Mechanics Model of Liquid Binary Alloy（Ⅱ）─Parameters of Liquid Binary Alloy

Some parameters of liquid binary alloy were investigated , and the calculation formulae were proposed.According to the formulae for calculating coordination number, the accordination numbers of Cu-Zr , Fe-B, Ni-B, Co-P, Fe-P systems were calculated, the results agree well with those in literature and in experiments ofthis study.

CRLB analysis of wireless cognitive location with different short-range measurements

Because of the wide application and great market potential of location-aware services, the research of wireless location techniques for the fourth generation （4G） mobile communications is being paid more attention. Wireless cognitive location （WCL） techniques for next generation wireless networks have been proposed in recent years. This article investigates the changes of the positioning accuracy of WCL algorithm when different methods are adopted to measure the short-range （SR） information. By fJrst completing Cramer-Rao lower bound （CRLB） analysis of the WCL algorithm with SR measurements based on time of arrival （TOA） and received signal strength （RSS）, it is discovered that TOA-based or time difference of arrival （TDOA） -based SR measurement can make WCL algorithms achieve higher accuracy than RSS mode, which is also verified by numerical simulation in the article. The conclusions can instruct the design of novel WCL-based location algorithms.

A Multi-Mode Public Transportation System Using Vehicular to Network Architecture

The number of accidents in the campus of Suranaree University of Technology(SUT)has increased due to increasing number of personal vehicles.In this paper,we focus on the development of public transportation system using Intelligent Transportation System(ITS)along with the limitation of personal vehicles using sharing economy model.The SUT Smart Transit is utilized as a major public transportation system,while MoreSai@SUT(electric motorcycle services)is a minor public transportation system in this work.They are called Multi-Mode Transportation system as a combination.Moreover,a Vehicle toNetwork(V2N)is used for developing theMulti-Mode Transportation system in the campus.Due to equipping vehicles with On Board Unit(OBU)and 4G LTE modules,the real time speed and locations are transmitted to the cloud.The data is then applied in the proposed mathematical model for the estimation of Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA).In terms of vehicle classifications and counts,we deployed CCTV cameras,and the recorded videos are analyzed by using You Only Look Once(YOLO)algorithm.The simulation and measurement results of SUT Smart Transit and MoreSai@SUT before the covid-19 pandemic are discussed.Contrary to the existing researches,the proposed system is implemented in the real environment.The final results unveil the attractiveness and satisfaction of users.Also,due to the proposed system,the CO_(2) gas gets reduced when Multi-Mode Transportation is implemented practically in the campus.

Spring Theory as an Approach to the Unification of Fields

The cosmological constant is necessary to be retained in Einstein’s field equations with value depending on the mass of the source. An overview of the spring theory in astrophysics and cosmology is included in this paper. In short range force, the two interacting particles are point-like vertices connected by a bosonic spring. We also suspect that electron may contain negative sterile neutrino. The self energy of a point charge is not infinite so that renormalisation is not necessary.

RNA silencing movement in plants

Multicellular organisms, like higher plants, need to coordinate their growth and development and to cope with environmental cues. To achieve this, various signal molecules are transported between neighboring cells and distant organs to control the fate of the recipient cells and organs. RNA silencing produces cell non-autonomous signal molecules that can move over short or long distances leading to the sequence specific silencing of a target gene in a well defined area of cells or throughout the entire plant,respectively. The nature of these signal molecules, the route of silencing spread, and the genes involved in their production, movement and reception are discussed in this review. Additionally, a short section on features of silencing spread in animal models is presented at the end of this review.

Design of a low-power 433/915-MHz RF front-end with a current-reuse common-gate LNA

This paper presents a wideband RF front-end with novel current-reuse wide band low noise amplifier （LNA）, current-reuse V-I converter, active double balanced mixer and transimpedance amplifier for short range device （SRD） applications. With the proposed current-reuse LNA, the DC consumption of the front-end reduces considerably while maintaining sufficient performance needed by SRD devices. The RF front-end was fabricated in 0.18μm RFCMOS process and occupies a silicon area of just 0.11 mm^2. Operating in 433 MHz band, the measurement results show the RF front-end achieves a conversion gain of 29.7 dB, a double side band noise figure of 9.7 dB, an input referenced third intercept point of -24.9 dBm with only 1.44 mA power consumption from 1.8 V supply. Compared to other reported front-ends, it has an advantage in power consumption.

Adaptive digital calibration techniques for narrow band low-IF receivers with on-chip PLL

Digital calibration and control techniques for narrow band integrated low-IF receivers with on-chip frequency synthesizer are presented.The calibration and control system,which is adopted to ensure an achievable signal-to-noise ratio and bit error rate,consists of a digitally controlled,high resolution dB-linear automatic gain control（AGC）,an inphase（I） and quadrature（Q） gain and phase mismatch calibration,and an automatic frequency calibration（AFC） of a wideband voltage-controlled oscillator in a PLL based frequency synthesizer.The calibration system has a low design complexity with little power and small die area.Simulation results show that the calibration system can enlarge the dynamic range to 72 dB and minimize the phase and amplitude imbalance between I and Q to 0.08° and 0.024 dB,respectively,which means the image rejection ratio is better than 60 dB.In addition,the calibration time of the AFC is 1.12 μs only with a reference clock of 100 MHz.

A 434/868 MHz CMOS low-IF receiver with I/Q imbalance calibration for SRDs application

A receiver for SRDs implemented by the 0.35μm CMOS process is presented. The receiver, together with the ADC, power amplifier （PA）, frequency synthesizer and digital baseband has been integrated into a single chip solution. Low cost and low power requirements are met by optimizing the receiver architecture and circuit topology. A simple mixed-signal mode I/Q imbalance calibration circuit is proposed to enhance the IRR （image rejection ratio） so as to raise the BER. From a single 3 V power supply, the receiver consumes 5.9 mA. The measurement result shows that the receiver achieves reference sensitivity of-60 dBm and a control gain of 60 dB. The S11 reaches -20 dB at 433 MHz and -10 dB at 868 MHz without off-chip impedance match network. The die area is only 2 mm^2 including the bias circuit.

Swelling-Based Chemical Sensing With Unmodified Optical Fibers

We use distributed fiber optic strain sensing to examine swelling of the fiber’s polymer coating.The distributed sensing technique that uses unmodified low-cost telecom fibers opens a new dimension of applications that include leak detection,monitoring of water quality,and waste systems.On a short-range length scale,the technology enables“lab-on-a-fiber”applications for food processing,medicine,and biosensing for instance.The chemical sensing is realized with unmodified low-cost telecom optical fibers,namely,by using swelling in the coating material of the fiber to detect specific chemicals.Although generic and able to work in various areas such as environmental monitoring,food analysis,agriculture or security,the proposed chemical sensors can be targeted for water quality monitoring,or medical diagnostics where they present the most groundbreaking nature.Moreover,the technique is without restrictions applicable to longer range installations.

Possible light neutral boson and particle mass quantization

Qualities of nucleons, such as the fundamental parameter mass, might be modified in extreme conditions relative to those of isolated nucleons. We show the ratio of the EMC-effect tagged nucleon mass to that of the free one(m*/m);these values are derived from the nuclear structure function ratio between heavy nuclei and deuterium measured in the electron Deep Inelastic Scattering(DIS) reaction in 0.3≤x≤0.7. The increase in m*/mwith A-1/3 is phenomenologically interpreted via the release of a color-singlet cluster formed by sea quarks and gluons in bound nucleons holding high momentum in the nucleus, from which the mass and fraction of non-nucleonic components in nuclei can be deduced. The mass of color-singlet clusters released per short range correlated(SRC) proton in the high momentum region(k > 2 fm-1) is extracted to be 16.890 ±0.016 MeV/c2, which evidences the possibility of a light neutral boson and quantized mass of matter.