Anti-aliasing nonstationary signals detecion algorithm based on interpolation in the frequency domain using the short time Fourier transform

To eliminate the aliasing that appeared during the measurement of multi-components nonstationary signals, a novel kind of anti-aliasing algorithm based on the short time Fourier transform （STFT） is brought forward. First the physical essence of aliasing that occurs is analyzed; second the interpolation algorithm model is setup based on the Hamming window; then the fast implementation of the algorithm using the Newton iteration method is given. Using the numerical simulation the feasibility of algorithm is validated. Finally, the electrical circuit experiment shows the practicality of the algorithm in the electrical engineering.

Suppression to the cross-channel interference based on the short time Fourier transform

A new cross-channel interference suppression method is proposed to decrease the cross-channel interference in beat signals based on the short time Fourier transform(STFT)and the inverse short time Fourier transform(ISTFT)when the dual-orthogonal polarimetric frequency-modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar adopts the opposite-slope linear frequency modulation signal pair in the simultaneous measurement mode.The STFT is applied only on the signals in the cross-interference intervals in the four polarimetric channels to decrease the computation complexity.A mask matrix for suppressing the interference is constructed using the constant false alarm ratio(CFAR)detection on the spectrograms by the STFT.The simulative results show that the cross-channel interference is efficiently suppressed by the proposed method.The comparison between the proposed method and the rejection method verifies the improved performance of the proposed method.

Application of short-time Fourier transform to high-rise frame structural-health monitoring based on change of inherent frequency over time

The high-rise frame structure has become more and more widespread, like its damage from the complication of the environment. The traditional method of damage detection, which is only suitable for the stationary signal, does not apply to a high-rise frame structure because its damage signal is non-stationary. Thus, this paper presents an application of the short-time Fourier transform(STFT) to damage detection of high-rise frame structures. Compared with the fast Fourier transform, STFT is found to be able to express the frequency spectrum property of the time interval using the signal within this interval. Application of STFT to analyzing a Matlab model and the shaking table test with a twelve-story frame-structure model reveals that there is a positive correlation between the slope of the frequency versus time and the damage level. If the slope is equal to or greater than zero, the structure is not damaged. If the slope is smaller than zero, the structure is damaged, and the less the slope is, the more serious the damage is. The damage results from calculation based on the Matlab model are consistent with those from the shaking table test, demonstrating that STFT can be a reliable tool for the damage detection of high-rise frame structures.

基于STFT-ECA-ResNet18网络模型的滚动轴承变负载故障诊断

针对传统方法处理变负载轴承故障诊断时存在的自适应能力弱,模型泛化性差的问题,提出了一种改进的基于深度残差网络的故障诊断方法。首先,将采集到的一维时间序列信号进行短时傅里叶变换得到二维时频数据,再利用二维卷积神经网络从变换后的数据中提取特征。然后,通过高效通道注意力机制获取通道全局信息并对其权值进行调整,以增强改进网络模型的泛化能力,使其在变负载工况下分类效果得到提高。最后,通过仿真对所提方法进行了验证,结果表明相比传统方法诊断效果改进明显。

空气涡轮起动机异常振动诊断的STFT分析

采用短时傅里叶变换分析方法,对某型空气涡轮起动机在交付前试验流程的起动过程振动响应进行非平稳特征分析,有效识别振动幅值偏大,判定异常振动,避免其交付后出现振动故障。通过对比空气涡轮起动机起动过程的正常状态与振动异常状态的短时傅里叶时频谱分析,获得异常振动的时频谱特征,对导致异常的零部件和装配因素进行了分析。结果表明:将短时傅里叶变换应用于空气涡轮起动机起动过程的振动信号分析能够对振动的非平稳特征进行有效识别。

FM interference suppression for PRC-CW radar based on adaptive STFT and time-varying filtering

The influence of frequency modulation （FM） interfer- ence on correlation detection performance of the pseudo random code continuous wave （PRC-CW） radar is analyzed. It is found that the correlation output deteriorates greatly when the FM inter- ference power exceeds the anti-jamming limit of the radar. Accord- ing to the fact that the PRC-CW radar echo is a wideband pseudo random signal occupying the whole TF plane, while the FM in- terference only concentrates in a small portion, a new method is proposed based on adaptive short-time Fourier transform （STFT） and time-varying filtering for FM interference suppression. This method filters the received signal by using a binary mask to excise only the portion of the TF plane corrupted by the interference. Two types of interference, linear FM （LFM） and sinusoidal FM （SFM）, under different signal-to-jamming ratio （S JR） are studied. It is shown that the proposed method can effectively suppress the FM interference and improve the performance of target detection.

基于STFT-FRFT的声纳脉冲信号实时检测和参数估计

声纳脉冲参数是分辨目标的重要信息来源,在进行目标识别时可以将目标发射的声纳脉冲参数作为一项重要的识别特征,因此正确检测和估计声纳脉冲参数具有重要意义。为解决水下未知声纳脉冲信号实时检测和参数估计的难题,提出了基于短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)和分数阶傅里叶变换(Fractional Fourier Transformation,FRFT)相结合的算法(STFT-FRFT)。STFT-FRFT首先对未知信号采用短时傅里叶变换算法和自适应门限设置算法进行脉冲实时预警。脉冲预警后获取未知脉冲的起始位置和截止位置,然后截取本段信号采用分数阶傅里叶变换算法进行脉冲参数估计。理论研究及数据分析表明,此算法不仅可以保证信号检测的实时性,而且能准确估计出声纳脉冲信号的脉宽、中心频率、调频宽度和周期等参数,为后期目标分类识别提供依据。

Short-Term Sinusoidal Modeling of an Oriental Music Signal by Using CQT Transform

In this paper, we propose a method for characterizing a musical signal by extracting a set of harmonic descriptors reflecting the maximum information contained in this signal. We focus our study on a signal of oriental music characterized by its richness in tone that can be extended to 1/4 tone, taking into account the frequency and time characteristics of this type of music. To do so, the original signal is slotted and analyzed on a window of short duration. This signal is viewed as the result of a combined modulation of amplitude and frequency. For this result, we apply short-term the non-stationary sinusoidal modeling technique. In each segment, the signal is represented by a set of sinusoids characterized by their intrinsic parameters: amplitudes, frequencies and phases. The modeling approach adopted is closely related to the slot window;therefore great importance is devoted to the study and the choice of the kind of the window and its width. It must be of variable length in order to get better results in the practical implementation of our method. For this purpose, evaluation tests were carried out by synthesizing the signal from the estimated parameters. Interesting results have been identified concerning the comparison of the synthesized signal with the original signal.

基于STFT和CNN-Attention的配电终端采集模块故障诊断研究

针对复杂工况运行环境下配电终端采集模块故障类型难以识别的问题,提出一种基于短时傅里叶变换(STFT)、卷积神经网络和注意力机制(CNN-Attention)的配电终端采集模块故障诊断方法。首先,分析配电终端采集模块不同故障类型会产生的对应故障数据,建立故障数据集。然后,基于STFT提取故障数据的故障时频特征以形成时频图,采用CNN-Attention模型对时频图进行故障诊断与匹配。算例分析表明,CNN-Attention的故障检测准确率为97.31%,相较于CNN和极限学习机(ELM)模型,故障诊断准确率分别提升了1.22%和4.4%。Attention机制能够有效解决CNN在特征提取时产生的冗余信息导致模型训练慢、难以收敛的问题。该研究实现了配电终端采集模块具体故障类型的准确识别,能为后续配电终端的运维提供参考。

基于短时傅里叶变换和深度网络的模块化多电平换流器子模块IGBT开路故障诊断

针对现有模块化多电平换流器(MMC)子模块故障诊断过程中所需传感器较多、测量干扰较大等问题,提出一种基于深度学习的MMC子模块IGBT开路故障诊断方法。在对MMC子模块开路故障特征进行分析的基础上,利用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)提取桥臂电压信号的谐波分量信息作为故障诊断所需的特征参数。将所得到的特征参数进行处理后构建故障诊断样本,在通过深度置信网络实现故障类型快速检测的基础上,依据不同故障类型,构建多个基于卷积神经网络的故障定位网络,进而实现开路故障的检测与定位。通过129电平的MMC系统仿真模型和降功率的MMC实验系统搭建,对该文所提方法进行了验证。仿真和实验结果表明,所提故障诊断方法可以在减少传感器数量的基础上实现子模块开路故障的诊断,提高系统的可靠性。

融合CNN和ViT的声信号轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承故障诊断任务数据量少、故障信号非平稳等特点,提出一种短时傅里叶变换、卷积神经网络和视觉转换器相结合的轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用短时傅里叶变换将原始声信号转换为包含时序信息和频率信息的时频图像。其次,将时频图像作为卷积神经网络的输入,用于隐式提取图像的深层特征,其输出作为视觉转换器的输入。视觉转换器用于提取信号的时间序列信息。并在输出层利用Softmax函数实现故障模式的识别。试验结果表明,该方法对于轴承故障诊断准确率较高。为了更好解释和优化提出的轴承故障诊断方法,利用t-分布领域嵌入算法对分类特征进行了可视化展示。

小波分解-STFT方法在地形变观测数据中的应用

把小波分解与短时傅里叶变换(STFT)相结合,实现了对信号高频部分和低频部分的精细分解,同时给出信号高频部分的时频谱,结果直观明确,计算过程简单。这种方法不仅可以作为连续形变观测数据的常规分析方法,也可用于其他连续观测数据的分析。

基于STFT时频谱系数收缩的信号降噪方法

针对旋转机械故障振动信号的降噪问题,提出一种基于短时Fourier变换(short time Fourier transform,简称STFT)时频谱系数收缩的信号降噪方法。先将信号进行STFT,得到其时频谱。由于谱系数为复数,故根据模值大小进行谱系数收缩,并利用步长迭代算法在0到谱系数最大模值的区间内估计最优阈值。迭代运算过程中,首先,分别采用基本的硬阈值函数和软阈值函数进行系数收缩;然后,以改进风险函数为阈值评价标准,估计最优阈值;最后,利用最优阈值重新进行谱系数收缩,对得到的新谱进行STFT逆变换,重构降噪后的时域信号。仿真信号与试验数据的处理结果表明,利用所估计的最优阈值,STFT时频谱系数硬、软阈值函数收缩方法均能够实现噪声混合信号的降噪。

基于STFT和WT的SAR干扰抑制算法

窄带干扰(NBI)和宽带干扰(WBI)作为合成孔径雷达(SAR)中最为常见的两种干扰形式,它们的存在将会大幅度地降低SAR图像的质量.本文在对NBI和WBI的时频聚集性分析的基础上,提出一种联合短时傅里叶变换和小波变换的NBI和WBI抑制方法.该方法首先把SAR回波数据变换到短时傅里叶谱域再把短时傅里叶谱域数据变换到小波域,然后在小波域中采用恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法对小波系数进行干扰识别和干扰抑制,接着把干扰抑制后的小波系数变换到SAR原始回波数据域,利用常规的SAR成像算法进行成像处理,最后得到清晰无干扰的SAR图像.该算法在干扰抑制过程中对有用回波信号造成的损失比较小,并且可以有效地抑制时变的NBI和WBI.结合仿真和实测数据的处理,经过实验分析验证了本文方法的有效性.

旋转机械振动信号基于EMD的HT和STFT时频分析比较

基于经验模态分解(EmpiricalModeDecomposition,EMD)的希尔伯特变换(HilbertTransformation,HT),是先把一列时间序列数据通过经验模态分解,然后经过希尔伯特变换获得频谱的信号处理新方法。介绍了该方法的理论和算法。对仿真和旋转机械油膜涡动故障振动信号分别用基于EMD的HT和基于STFT(Short-TimeFourierTransforma tion,STFT)的时频分析进行了比较研究,研究结果说明,用基于EMD的HT方法对旋转机械的振动信号进行时频分析比STFT有效。

分数低阶alpha稳定分布的STFT时频分析方法

对于α稳定分布噪声的非平稳信号,仅用频域的一维分析方法是不够的,需要考虑进行二维的时—频域分析方法。在基于传统的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)基础上,针对分数低阶α稳定分布的特性,提出了分数低阶STFT新方法。计算机仿真结果表明,该分数低阶STFT方法能克服传统的STFT方法在对α稳定分布进行时频分析时的性能退化问题,为α稳定分布在时频域的研究开拓了全新的途径。

基于STFT和FrFT的连续波雷达参数估计

连续波雷达的回波信号由目标进行调制,对回波参数的估计是雷达信号处理的主要任务。本文从短时傅里叶变换(STFT)和分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)的基本特点入手,介绍了他们进行雷达回波信号参数估计时的优缺点。针对这些特点,提出了一种基于两种方法的混合算法。混合算法分两步:首先,混合算法运用STFT进行速度粗测;然后,用FrFT对加速度进行估计同时进行速度的精测。最后本文进行蒙特卡罗仿真实验,实验结果证明,即使在较低信噪比下该算法依然有效。

基于STFT的宽带信号时差测量方法

利用相位干涉仪测量信号到达时差时,频率估计误差会引起测量误差,且现有方法对宽带信号适应性较差。针对这些问题,提出了利用信号频域互相关的相频曲线估计到达时差的方法。该方法利用短时傅里叶变换对宽带信号进行重构,并对重构信号在频域进行互相关,然后利用相频曲线的线性关系估计时差。该方法在低信噪比条件下对宽带信号的到达时差具有较高的估计精度。

基于光纤镀膜探针的固体介质中应力波粒子速度测量技术

粒子速度是分析固体介质中应力波传播规律的一个重要参数。结合激光多普勒效应和全光纤干涉测速系统,提出了一种基于光纤镀膜探针的固体介质中应力波粒子速度的测量方法。将光纤镀膜探针嵌入有机玻璃(PMMA)中,距爆心同一半径处,采用0.125 g TNT当量的微型炸药球作为爆炸源,进行填实爆炸产生应力波,通过采集光纤探针端面的运动信息,基于短时傅里叶变换的时频分析方法,解调出端面运动速度,进而反推出粒子速度。实验结果表明:不同光纤镀膜探针测得的速度分别为22.648 m/s、23.505 m/s,将反推的粒子速度与传统的圆环型电磁粒子速度计方法获取到的数据进行对比,两者的相对偏差低于5.00%,验证了光纤镀膜探针测量固体介质中应力波粒子速度的可行性。