Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Short-Term Results from a Single Center in Bangladesh

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) is considered a safer alternative to on-pump surgery, especially in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). Objectives: This study assessed short-term outcomes and functional improvements in LVD patients post-OPCAB. Methods: The study included 200 coronary artery disease patients who underwent isolated off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) at the National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute between January 2019 and June 2020. Patients were categorized into Group 1, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 30% - 39%, and Group 2, with an LVEF of 40% or higher. Echocardiographic assessments of left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction were performed preoperatively, at discharge, and one month postoperatively. Results: In Group 1, preoperative left ventricular internal dimensions during diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were 53.48 ± 4.40 mm and 44.23 ± 3.93 mm, respectively, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 35.28% ± 2.26%. At discharge, these values improved to 51.58 ± 4.04 mm (LVIDd), 41.23 ± 5.30 mm (LVIDs), and 39.25% ± 3.75% (LVEF). One month postoperatively, further improvements were observed: 46.29 ± 3.76 mm (LVIDd), 37.45 ± 3.68 mm (LVIDs), and 43.22% ± 4.67% (LVEF). Group 2 showed similar positive outcomes, with preoperative values of 47.09 ± 5.06 mm (LVIDd), 35.11 ± 5.25 mm (LVIDs), and 50.13% ± 7.25% (LVEF), improving to 42.37 ± 4.18 mm (LVIDd), 31.05 ± 4.19 mm (LVIDs), and 55.33% ± 7.05% (LVEF) at one month postoperatively. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in left ventricular function and NYHA class, with most patients moving from class III/IV to I/II. Complications were minimal, and no mortality was observed. Conclusion: OPCAB is safe and effective for patients with LVEF 30% - 39% and LVEF ≥ 40%, providing significant short-term functional improvements without increased risk.

一种基于long short-term memory的唇语识别方法

唇动视觉信息是说话内容的重要载体。受嘴唇外观、背景信息和说话习惯等影响,即使说话者说相同的内容,唇动视觉信息也会相差很大。为解决唇语视觉信息多样性的问题,提出一种基于long short-term memory(LSTM)的新的唇语识别方法。以往大多数的方法从嘴唇外表信息入手。本方法用嘴唇关键点坐标描述嘴唇形变信息作为唇语视频的特征,它具有类内一致性和类间区分性的特点。然后利用LSTM对特征进行时序编码,它能学习具有区分性和泛化性的空间-时序特征。在公开的唇语数据集GRID、MIRACL-VC和Oulu VS上对本方法做了针对分割的单词或短语的说话者独立的唇语识别评估。在GRID和MIRACL-VC上,本方法的准确率比传统方法至少高30%;在Oulu VS上,本方法的准确率接近于最优结果。以上实验结果表明,本文提出的基于LSTM的唇语识别方法有效地解决了唇语视觉信息多样性的问题。

The spatial characteristic of the short－term and imminent anomalies of waterradonbe┐foreearthquakeinthemainlandofChina

The changes of radon content in underground water(water radon)recorded at about 200 stations in 32 earthquakes occurred in the mainland of China are studied in this paper. The result shows that the spatial distribution of short term and imminent anomalies of water radon before earthquake seems to be mainly related to the active master fault nearby the hypocenter of an earthquake and the earthquake generating mechanism. Finally, some understandings on the mechanism of the aomalies and the imminent earthquake prediction are set forth.

Tool Health Condition Recognition Method for High Speed Milling of Titanium Alloy Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)

The healthy condition of the milling tool has a very high impact on the machining quality of the titanium components.Therefore,it is important to recognize the healthy condition of the tool and replace the damaged cutter at the right time.In order to recognize the health condition of the milling cutter,a method based on the long short term memory(LSTM)was proposed to recognize tool health state in this paper.The various signals collected in the tool wear experiments were analyzed by time-domain statistics,and then the extracted data were generated by principal component analysis(PCA)method.The preprocessed data extracted by PCA is transmitted to the LSTM model for recognition.Compared with back propagation neural network(BPNN)and support vector machine(SVM),the proposed method can effectively utilize the time-domain regulation in the data to achieve higher recognition speed and accuracy.

A Hybrid Short Term Load Forecasting Model of an Indian Grid

This paper describes an application of combined model of extrapolation and correlation techniques for short term load forecasting of an Indian substation. Here effort has been given to improvise the accuracy of elec-trical load forecasting considering the factors, past data of the load, respective weather condition and finan-cial growth of the people. These factors are derived by curve fitting technique. Then simulation has been conducted using MATLAB tools. Here it has been suggested that consideration of 20 years data for a devel-oping country should be ignored as the development of a country is highly unpredictable. However, the im-portance of the past data should not be ignored. Here, just previous five years data are used to determine the above factors.

Conditional Random Field Tracking Model Based on a Visual Long Short Term Memory Network

In dense pedestrian tracking,frequent object occlusions and close distances between objects cause difficulty when accurately estimating object trajectories.In this study,a conditional random field tracking model is established by using a visual long short term memory network in the three-dimensional(3D)space and the motion estimations jointly performed on object trajectory segments.Object visual field information is added to the long short term memory network to improve the accuracy of the motion related object pair selection and motion estimation.To address the uncertainty of the length and interval of trajectory segments,a multimode long short term memory network is proposed for the object motion estimation.The tracking performance is evaluated using the PETS2009 dataset.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than the tracking methods based on the independent motion estimation.

The effect of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in typical forest of Greater Xing'an Range, China

We investigated the effect of fire disturbance on short-term soil respiration in birch （Betula platyphylla Suk.） and larch （Larix gmelinii Rupr.） forests in Greater Xing’an range, northeastern China for further understanding of its effect on the carbon cycle in ecosystems. Our study show that post-fire soil respiration rates in B. platyphylla and L. gmelinii forests were reduced by 14%and 10%, respectively. In contrast, the soil heterotrophic respiration rates in the two types of forest were similar in post-fire and control plots. After fire, the contribution of root respiration to total soil respiration was dramatically reduced. Variation in soil respiration rates was explained by soil moisture （W） and soil tem-perature （T） at a depth of 5 cm. Exponential regression fitted T and W models explained Rs rates in B. platyphylla control and post-fire plots （83.1% and 86.2%） and L. gmelinii control and post-fire plots （83.7%and 88.7%）. In addition, the short-term temperature coefficients in B.

Short-term efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted vs open radical gastrectomy in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate the short-term benefits of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy(LARG)and open radical gastrectomy(ORG)in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS:A total of 400 patients with gastric cancer aged≤65 years who were treated at General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region were enrolled.Among these,200 patients underwent LARG between October2008 and August 2012(LARG group);and 200 patients underwent ORG between March 2000 and September2008(ORG group).The short-term therapeutic benefits between the two groups were analyzed.RESULTS:The LARG procedure offered significantly better benefits to the patients compared to the ORG procedure,including less intraoperative blood loss(103.1±19.5 mL vs 163.0±32.9 mL,P【0.0001),shorter postoperative hospital stay(6.8±1.2 d vs 9.5±1.6 d,P【0.0001),less frequent occurrence of postoperative complications(6.5%vs 13.5%,P=0.02),shorter time to mobilization(1.0±0.3 vs 3.3±0.4 d,P【0.0001),shorter time to bowel opening(3.3±0.7 d vs 4.5±0.7 d,P【0.0001),and shorter time to normal diet(3.0±0.4 vs d 3.8±0.5 d,P【0.0001).However,LARG required a longer time to complete than the ORG procedure(192.3±20.9 min vs 180.0±26.9 min,P【0.0001).CONCLUSION:Compared to ORG,LARG is safer,more effective,and less invasive for treating gastric cancer,with better short-term efficacy.

Rapid afterslip and short-term viscoelastic relaxation following the 2008 M_W7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

Significant postseismic deformation of the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake has been observed from GPS data of the first 14 days after the earthquake. The possible mechanisms for the rapid postseismic deformation are assumed to be afterslip on the earthquake rupture plane and viscoelastic relaxation of coseismiclly stress change in the lower crust or upper mantle. We firstly use the constrained least squares method to find an afterslip model which can fit the GPS data best. The afterslip model can explain near-field data very well but shows considerable discrepancies in fitting far-field data. To estimate the effect due to the viscoelastic relaxation in the lower crust, we then ignore the contribution from the afterslip and attempt to invert the viscosity structure beneath the Longmenshan fault where the Wenchuan earthquake occurred from the postseismic deformation data. For this purpose, we use a viscoelastic model with a 2D geometry based on the geological and seismological observations and the coseismic slip distribution derived from the coseismic GPS and InSAR data. By means of a grid search we find that the optimum viscosity is 9×10 18 Pa·s for the middle-lower crust in the Chengdu Basin, 4×10 17 Pa·s for the middle-lower crust in the Chuanxi Plateau and 7×10 17 Pa·s for the low velocity zone in the Chuanxi plateau. The viscoelastic model explains the postseismic deformation observed in the far-field satisfactorily, but it is considerably worse than the afterslip model in fitting the near-fault data. It suggests therefore a hybrid model including both afterslip and relaxation effects. Since the viscoelastic model produces mainly the far-field surface deformation and has fewer degree of freedoms （three viscosity parameters） than the afterslip model with a huge number of source parameters, we fix the viscositiy structure as obtained before but redetermine the afterslip distribution using the residual data from the viscoelastic modeling. The redetermined afterslip distribution becomes physically more reasonable; it is more localized and exhibits a pattern spatially complementary with the coseismic rupture distribution. We conclude that the aseismic fault slip is responsible for the near-fault postseismic deformation, whereas the viscoelastic stress relaxation might be the major cause for the far-field postseismic deformation.

Improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gastric cancer surgery:Short-term outcome analysis after gastrectomy

AIM:To evaluate the effect of gastrectomy on diabetes control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and early gastric cancer.METHODS:Data from 64 patients with early gastric cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prospectively collected.All patients underwent curative gastrectomy(36 subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy,16subtotal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy,12 total gastrectomy)and their physical and laboratory data were evaluated before and 3,6 and 12 mo after surgery.RESULTS:Fasting blood glucose(FBS),HbA1c,insulin,C-peptide,and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance were significantly improved 3mo after surgery,regardless of operation type,and the significant improvement in all measured values,except HbA1c,was sustained up to 12 mo postoperatively.Approximately 3.1%of patients stopped diabetes medication and had HbA1c<6.0%and FBS<126 mg/dL.54.7%of patients decreased their medication,and had reduced FBS or HbA1c.In multivariate analysis,good diabetic control was not associated with operation type,but was associated with diabetes duration.CONCLUSION:Diabetes improved in more than 50%of patients during the first year after gastric cancer surgery.The degree of diabetes control was related to diabetes duration.

An Improved Adaptive Exponential Smoothing Model for Short-term Travel Time Forecasting of Urban Arterial Street

旅行时间的短期的预报为聪明的交通系统的成功是必要的。在这份报纸，我们考察预报模型的短期的交通的 state-of-art 并且构画出他们每个模型的基本想法，相关工作，优点和劣势。一改进适应指数的变光滑(IAES ) 模型也被建议克服以前的适应指数的变光滑模型的缺点。然后，比较实验在状况和反常交通调节评估在牌照匹配获得的直接旅行时间数据(每分钟行数) 上预报模型的四个主要分支的性能的正常交通下面被执行。实验的结果证明每个模型似乎有它的自己的力量和软弱。IASE 的预报表演比在更突然预报地平线(预报的和二步) 的另外的模型优异， IASE 能够处理各种交通条件。

A Short-Term Climate Prediction Model Based on a Modular Fuzzy Neural Network

In terms of the modular fuzzy neural network (MFNN) combining fuzzy c-mean (FCM) cluster and single-layer neural network, a short-term climate prediction model is developed. It is found from modeling results that the MFNN model for short-term climate prediction has advantages of simple structure, no hidden layer and stable network parameters because of the assembling of sound functions of the self-adaptive learning, association and fuzzy information processing of fuzzy mathematics and neural network methods. The case computational results of Guangxi flood season (JJA) rainfall show that the mean absolute error (MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the prediction during 1998-2002 are 68.8 mm and 9.78%, and in comparison with the regression method, under the conditions of the same predictors and period they are 97.8 mm and 12.28% respectively. Furthermore, it is also found from the stability analysis of the modular model that the change of the prediction results of independent samples with training times in the stably convergent interval of the model is less than 1.3 mm. The obvious oscillation phenomenon of prediction results with training times, such as in the common back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model, does not occur, indicating a better practical application potential of the MFNN model.

Short-and long-term behaviors of drifts in the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone at the Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory

Since 2000, the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency （ANDRA） has been constructing an Underground Research Laboratory （URL） at Bure （east of the Paris Basin） to perform experiments in order to obtain in situ data necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of geological repository in the Callovo- Oxfordian claystone. An important experimental program is planned to characterize the response of the rock to different drift construction methods, Before 2008, at the main level of the laboratory, most of the drifts were excavated using pneumatic hammer and supported with rock bolts, sliding steel arches and fiber shotcrete. Other techniques, such as road header techniques, stiff and flexible supports, have also been used to characterize their impacts. The drift network is developed following the in situ major stresses. The parallel drifts are separated enough so as they can be considered independently when their hydromechanical （HM） behaviors are compared. Mine-by experiments have been performed to measure the HM response of the rock and the mechanical loading applied to the support system due to the digging and after excavation. Drifts exhibit extensional （mode I） and shear fractures （modes II and III） induced by excavation works. The extent of the induced fracture networks depends on the drift orientation versus the in situ stress field. This paper describes the drift convergence and deformation in the surrounding rock walls as function of time and the impact of different support methods on the rock mass behavior. An observation based method is finally applied to distinguish the instantaneous and time-dependent parts of the rock mass deformation around the drifts.

An Approach for Improving Short-Term Prediction of Summer Rainfall over North China by Decomposing Interannual and Decadal Variability

A statistical downscaling approach was developed to improve seasonal-to-interannual prediction of summer rainfall over North China by considering the effect of decadal variability based on observational datasets and dynamical model outputs.Both predictands and predictors were first decomposed into interannual and decadal components.Two predictive equations were then built separately for the two distinct timescales by using multivariate linear regressions based on independent sample validation.For the interannual timescale,850-hPa meridional wind and 500-hPa geopotential heights from multiple dynamical models＇ hindcasts and SSTs from observational datasets were used to construct predictors.For the decadal timescale,two well-known basin-scale SST decadal oscillation （the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation） indices were used as predictors.Then,the downscaled predictands were combined to represent the predicted/hindcasted total rainfall.The prediction was compared with the models＇ raw hindcasts and those from a similar approach but without timescale decomposition.In comparison to hindcasts from individual models or their multi-model ensemble mean,the skill of the present scheme was found to be significantly higher,with anomaly correlation coefficients increasing from nearly neutral to over 0.4 and with RMSE decreasing by up to 0.6 mm d-1.The improvements were also seen in the station-based temporal correlation of the predictions with observed rainfall,with the coefficients ranging from-0.1 to 0.87,obviously higher than the models＇ raw hindcasted rainfall results.Thus,the present approach exhibits a great advantage and may be appropriate for use in operational predictions.

On the relation of moderate-short term anomaly of earth resistivity to earthquake

1139 moderate-short term anomalies of earth resistivity before 196 earthquakes with magnitude M_s=3.2-7.9 (the Ms≥4.0 event accounting for 94%) are studied in this paper, the results are concluded as following: ①There is a nonlinear function between anomaly time and magnitude of earthquake. For earthquakes Ms≤5.0 or so anomaly time linearly increases quickly with magnitude increasing; for earthquakes 5.0<M_s<6.5 the increasing rate of the time with magnitude increasing gradually become small; for earthquakes M_≥6.5 the rate is quite small.②There is a nonlinear exponential function between anomaly amplitude and magnitude. For earthquakes Ms≤5.0 or so the amplitude increases slowly with the increasing of magnitude, for earthquakes 5.0<M_s<6.5 the increasing of the amplitude is gradually accelerated with magnitude increasing; for earthquakes M_s≥6.5 the increasing is accelerated quickly with magnitude increasing. The two non-linear functions mentioned above are interpreted qualitatively, and the mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed based on the model of rheomorphic medium.

Volar locking distal radius plates show better short-term results than other treatment options: A prospective randomised controlled trial

AIM To compare the outcomes of displaced distal radius fractures treated with volar locking plates and with immediate postoperative mobilisation with the outcomes of these fractures treated with modalities that necessitate 6 wk wrist immobilisation.METHODS A prospective, randomised controlled single-centre trial was conducted with 56 patients who had a displaced radius fracture were randomised to treatment either with a volar locking plate(n = 29), or another treatment modality(n = 27; cast immobilisation with or without wires or external fixator). Outcomes were measured at 12 wk. Functional outcome scores measured were the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation(PRWE) Score; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand and activities of daily living(ADLs). Clinical outcomes were wrist range of motion and grip strength. Radiographic parameters were volar inclination and ulnar variance.RESULTS Patients in the volar locking plate group had significantly better PRWE scores, ADL scores, grip strength and range of extension at three months compared with the control group. All radiological parameters were significantly better in the volar locking plate group at 3 mo. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that volar locking plates produced significantly better functional and clinical outcomes at 3 mo compared with other treatment modalities. Anatomical reduction was significantly more likely to be preserved in the plating group. Level of evidence: Ⅱ.

Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network-Based Acoustic Model Using Connectionist Temporal Classification on a Large-Scale Training Corpus

A Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network(RNN) has driven tremendous improvements on an acoustic model based on Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM). However, these models based on a hybrid method require a forced aligned Hidden Markov Model(HMM) state sequence obtained from the GMM-based acoustic model. Therefore, it requires a long computation time for training both the GMM-based acoustic model and a deep learning-based acoustic model. In order to solve this problem, an acoustic model using CTC algorithm is proposed. CTC algorithm does not require the GMM-based acoustic model because it does not use the forced aligned HMM state sequence. However, previous works on a LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC used a small-scale training corpus. In this paper, the LSTM RNN-based acoustic model using CTC is trained on a large-scale training corpus and its performance is evaluated. The implemented acoustic model has a performance of 6.18% and 15.01% in terms of Word Error Rate(WER) for clean speech and noisy speech, respectively. This is similar to a performance of the acoustic model based on the hybrid method.

A mathematical model of synaptotagmin 7 revealing functional importance of short-term synaptic plasticity

Synaptotagmin 7(Syt7), a presynaptic calcium sensor, has a significant role in the facilitation in shortterm synaptic plasticity: Syt7 knock out mice show a significant reduction in the facilitation. The functional importance of short-term synaptic plasticity such as facilitation is not well understood. In this study, we attempt to investigate the potential functional relationship between the short-term synaptic plasticity and postsynaptic response by developing a mathematical model that captures the responses of both wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice. We then studied the model behaviours of wild-type and Syt7 knock-out mice in response to multiple input action potentials. These behaviors could establish functional importance of short-term plasticity in regulating the postsynaptic response and related synaptic properties. In agreement with previous modeling studies, we show that release sites are governed by non-uniform release probabilities of neurotransmitters. The structure of non-uniform release of neurotransmitters makes shortterm synaptic plasticity to act as a high-pass filter. We also propose that Syt7 may be a modulator for the long-term changes of postsynaptic response that helps to train the target frequency of the filter. We have developed a mathematical model of short-term plasticity which explains the experimental data.

Short-term Ocular Toxicity and Eye Irritation Tests Following Application of Sufentanil in Rabbits

Purpose:.To test the safe clinical application of sufentanil as topical ophthalmic drops by examining treated rabbit eyes for ophthalmic irritation signs or short-time toxic reactions.Methods:.Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into 8groups(n=3): The ocular toxicity at 14 d after eye drop administration was evaluated in groups 1 to 4, and at 30 d postadministration in groups 5 to 8..Groups 1 and 5 were treated with blank vehicle and served as normal controls..The left eyes of rabbits in groups 2 and 6 were exposed to low-dose sufentanil(5 μg, 2 drops within 5 min), groups 3 and 7 received moderate-dose sufentanil.(7.5 μg, 3 drops within 10 min),and groups 4 and 8 received high-dose sufentanil(10 μg,.4drops within 15 min). As self-controls, the right eyes of each rabbit were administered an equivalent amount of sodium chloride(9 g / L) at the same drop intervals. At 14 and 30 d after exposure to sufentanil,.ophthalmic irritation signs were evaluated and corneas were stained with fluorescein and observed by slit-lamp microscopy..Corneal endothelial counts were performed and toxic reactions were evaluated.Results: Multiple parameters were compared in the control and experimental groups by visual inspection and slit-lamp examination at 14 and 30 d after sufentanil administration..No evidence of irritation signs(including corneal opacity,.conjunctival congestion, or edema), eye secretions, iris abnormalities,.or temporal eye closure were noted..Corneal endothelial cell counts did not significantly differ between the control and experimental groups..Light microscopy revealed no pathological or morphological injury to the cornea, conjunctiva, iris, ciliary body, retina, or optic nerve in either group.The same observation outcomes were noted at 14 and 30 d after administration.Conclusion:.Single ocular administration of sufentanil at a dose of 5-10 μg in rabbits yields no ocular irritation or toxic responses at 14 or 30 d following eye drop delivery.

Simulation and optimization approach for uncertainty-based short-term planning in open pit mines

Accuracy in predictions leads to better planning with a minimum of opportunity lost. In open pit mining,the complexity of operations, coupled with a highly uncertain and dynamic production environment,limit the accuracy of predictions and force a reactive planning approach to mitigate deviations from original plans. A simulation optimization framework/tool is presented in this paper to account for uncertainties in mining operations for robust short-term production planning and proactive decision making. This framework/tool uses a discrete event simulation model of mine operations, which interacts with a goalprogramming based mine operational optimization tool to develop an uncertainty based short-term schedule. Using scenario analysis, this framework allows the planner to make proactive decisions to achieve the mine's operational and long-term objectives. This paper details the development of simulation and optimization models and presents the implementation of the framework on an iron ore mine case study for verification through scenario analysis.