Syndrome Differentiation of Chinese Medicine in Mars 500 Long-Term Closed Environment

Objective:To summarize and elucidate the characteristics and evolvement of Chinese medicine(CM)patterns reflecting the physical and mental conditions of participants in the Mars 500 long-term closed environment.Methods:The DS01-T Digital TCM Four-Diagnostic Instrument and CM Inquiring Diagnostic Questionnaire were used to collect information from 6 participants in the Mars 500 International Joint Research Project,through diagnostic methods of observation,palpation and inquiry according to CM theory.During the 520 days of the experiment,data collection was performed 37 times;a total of over 400 digital images of tongues and facial complexion and over 20,000 data were collected.These data were then analyzed by a team of experts in CM,statistics,and data mining.Results:The CM pattern evolvement of participants in the long-term closed environment followed some common trends.Qi deficiency was the main CM pattern observed,with individual features depending on constitutional differences[manifested in varying degrees of accompanying patterns of Gan(Liver)qi stagnation,Pi(Spleen)deficiency,dampness encumbering,or yin deficiency].Conclusion:The research has verified the effectiveness of CM syndrome differentiation based on the four diagnostic methods,which should serve as a solid foundation for observation,monitoring,and intervention in regard to the health conditions of astronauts in long-term space flights in the future.

Effect of acute kidney injury on short-and long-term mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Objective To evaluate the role of acute kidney injury(AKI)in predicting early(30-day)and late(30-day to5-year)mortality of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)patients during hospitalization.Methods A total of 1371adult patients diagnosed with AMI in the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou from January 2008 to December2012 were analyzed retrospectively while their

Calculating collision probability for long-term satellite encounters through the reachable domain method

ABSTRACT Satellite encounters during close operations,such as rendezvous,formation,and cluster flights,are typical long-term encounters.The collision probability in such an encounter is a primary safety concern.In this study,a parametric method is proposed to compute the long-term collision probability for close satellite operations with initial state uncertainty.Random relative state errors resulting from system uncertainty lead to possible deviated trajectories with respect to the nominal one.To describe such a random event meaningfully,each deviated trajectory sample should be mapped to a unique and time-independent element in a random variable(RV)space.In this study,the RV space was identified as the transformed state space at a fixed initial time.The physical dimensions of both satellites were characterized by a combined hard-body sphere.Transforming the combined hard-body sphere into the RV space yielded a derived ellipsoid,which evolved over time and swept out a derived collision volume.The derived collision volume was solved using the reachable domain method.Finally,the collision probability was computed by integrating a probability density function over the derived collision volume.The results of the proposed method were compared with those of a nonparametric computation-intensive Monte Carlo method.The relative difference between the two results was found to be<0.6%,verifying the accuracy of the proposed method.