Precision measurement and suppression of low-frequency noise in a current source with double-resonance alignment magnetometers

Low-noise high-stability current sources have essential applications such as neutron electric dipole moment measurement and high-stability magnetometers. Previous studies mainly focused on frequency noise above 0.1 Hz while less on the low-frequency noise/drift. We use double resonance alignment magnetometers(DRAMs) to measure and suppress the low-frequency noise of a homemade current source(CS) board. The CS board noise level is suppressed by about 10 times in the range of 0.001-0.1 Hz and is reduced to 100 n A/√Hz at 0.001 Hz. The relative stability of CS board can reach2.2 × 10^(-8). In addition, the DRAM shows a better resolution and accuracy than a commercial 7.5-digit multimeter when measuring our homemade CS board. Further, by combining the DRAM with a double resonance orientation magnetometer,we may realize a low-noise CS in the 0.001-1000 Hz range.

Suppression of transmembrane sodium currents on the freshly isolated hippocampal neuron cell with continuous infrared light

Physiotherapeutic effects of infrared lasers have been proved in clinic.These infrared-based regulations of the bioelectrical activities can roughly be classied into enhancement and suppression of action potential(AP),which are described by sodium(Na)and potassium(K)transmembrane current equations,named as Hodgkin and Huxley(HH)-model.The enhancement effect is able to evoke or strengthen the AP when infrared light is applied.Its corresponding mechanism is commonly ascribed to the changes of the cell membrane capacitance,which is transiently increased in response to the infrared radiation.The distinctive feature of the suppression effect is to inhibit or reduce the AP by the designed protocols of infrared radiation.However,its mechanism presents more complexity than that in enhancement cases.HH-model describes how the Na current determines the initial phase of AP.So,the enhancement and suppression of AP can be also ascribed to the regulations of the corresponding Na currents.Here,a continuous infrared light at the wavelength of 980 nm(CIS-980)was employed to stimulate a freshly isolated hippocampal neuron in vitro and a suppression effect on the Na currents of the neuron cell was observed.Both Na and K currents,which are named as whole cell currents,were simultaneously recorded with the cell membrane capacitance current by using a patch clamp combined with infrared irradiation.The results demonstrated that the CIS-980 was able to reversibly increase the capacitance currents,completely suppressed Na currents,but little changed K currents,which forms the steady outward whole cell currents and plays a major role on the AP repolarization.A conrmation experiment was designed and carried out by synchronizing tens of milliseconds of infrared stimulation on the same kinds of hippocampal neuron cells.After the blocked K channel,a reduction of Na current amplitude was still recorded.This proved that infrared suppression of Na current was irrelevant to K channel.A membrane capacitance mediation process was preliminarily proposed to explain the Na channel suppression process.

Hybrid Predictive Control with Simple Linear Control Based Circulating Current Suppression for Modular Multilevel Converters

The modular multilevel converter(MMC)has become a promising topology for widespread power converter applications.However,an evident circulating current flowing between the phases will increase system losses and complicate the heatsink design.This paper proposes a novel hybrid model predictive control method for MMCs.This method utilizes an indirect structure MPC and a sorting algorithm to implement current tracking and capacitor voltages balancing,considerably resulting in reduced calculation burden.In addition,different from the conventional MPC solutions,we add a simple proportional-integral(PI)controller to suppress circulating current through modifying the submodule(SM)inserted number,which is parallel to the MPC loop.This hybrid control solution combines both advantages of MPC and linear control,evidently resulting in improved performance of circulating current.Finally,the MATLAB/Simulink results of an 11-level MMC system verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

NEW DARK CURRENT SUPPRESSION CMOS READOUT CIRCUIT WITH NOVEL CDS STRUCTURE FOR LARGE FORMAT QWIP FPA

A new Dark Current Suppression (DCS) CMOS readout circuits for large format Quantum-Well-Infrared Photo-detector (QWIP) Focal-Plane-Array (FPA) with novel Correlated-Double-Sampling (CDS) structure based on dynamic source-follower are proposed, which can overcome the drawbacks of the present techniques, such as sensitive to the non-uniformity of the QWIP materials, poor readout noise features, low frame frequency, limited injection efficiency and dynamic range, etc. The dummy is adopted to realize dark current suppression, while the cascode current mirror (with current ratio of 1:10) can increase charge sensitivity and reduce integration time. Through the novel CDS structure, the output waveform is boxcar, and the frame frequency is increased. Simulation results demonstrate that, in high background sense, the proposed DCS circuit can suppress the dark current, achieve good readout performance, such as low power consumption, high charge sensitivity, high resolution, large dynamic range, and insensitive to the non-uniformity of the QWIP materials.

Research on corona discharge suppression of high-voltage direct-current transmission lines based on dielectric-film-covered conductor

Corona discharge suppression for high-voltage direct-current(HVDC)transmission lines at line terminals such as converter stations is a subject that requires attention.In this paper,a method based on a conductor covered with dielectric film is proposed and implemented through a bench-scale setup.Compared with the bare conductor,the corona discharge suppression effect of the dielectric-film-covered conductor under positive polarity is studied from the composite field strength and ion current density using a line-plate experimental device.The influences of film thickness and film material on the corona discharge suppression effect are investigated.The charge accumulation and dissipation characteristics of different film materials are also studied.The results show that the conductor covered with dielectric film has excellent ability to inhibit corona discharge.The ground-level composite field strength of the conductor covered with dielectric film is lower than its nominal field strength,and its ion current density is at the nA m^(−2) level.The corona threshold voltage can be promoted by increasing the film thickness,but the ability to inhibit corona discharge becomes weak.The larger the surface electric field strength,the more charge accumulated,but the faster the charge dissipation rate.Compared with polyvinyl chloride film,cross-linked polyethylene film has stronger charge accumulation ability and slower charge dissipation rate,which can better restrain the corona discharge of HVDC transmission lines.

Current Loop Disturbance Suppression for Dual Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Based on Modified Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control

A modified four-dimensional linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)strategy is proposed for a dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous generator(DTP-PMSG)system to reduce cross-coupling between the d and q axis currents in the d-q subspace and harmonic currents in the x-y subspace.In the d-q subspace,the proposed strategy uses a model-based LADRC to enhance the decoupling effect between the d and q axes and the disturbance rejection ability against parameter variation.In the x-y subspace,the 5th and 7th harmonic current suppression abilities are improved by using quasi-resonant units parallel to the extended state observer of the traditional LADRC.The proposed modified LADRC strategy improved both the steady-state performance and dynamic response of the DTP-PMSG system.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy is both feasible and effective.

Suppression of Multi-Harmonic Currents in the High-Speed Magnetically Suspended Motor Based on Adaptive Cascaded Notch Filters with Variable Phase Angle

Rotor imbalance is identified as one of the predominant vibration sources in high-speed magnetically suspended motors.Due to factors such as rotor machining accuracy errors and uneven material distribution,synchronous vibration interference is caused.Moreover,sensor runout generates harmonic currents,which are attributed to material irregularities and inhomogeneity in the roundness of the sensor detection surface.Harmonic currents can generate harmonic vibrational forces that are transmitted to the motor housing,jeopardizing control accuracy and the device's operational lifespan.In order to achieve real-time reduction of harmonic currents at specified frequencies and improve the accuracy of harmonic suppression,this paper proposes an algorithm for variable phase anglefiltering of an adaptive cascaded mode notchfilter.This paper performed dynamic modeling and analysis of the magnetically suspended rotor system with rotor imbalance and verified the correctness of the dynamic model.Subsequently,the structure of an adaptive notchfilter with variable phase angle is introduced,highlighting the capability to maintain stability by adjusting the compensatory phase of the system.By comparing the harmonic current suppression performance of cascaded and parallel mode notchfilters,the cascaded method can better enhance the overall frequency selectivity,emphasizing its ability to adjust the compensation phase based on the phase angle of the input signal at different frequencies to maintain system stability.Simulation and experimental results show that harmonic currents can be successfully suppressed in the cascade mode,and the amplitude of the synchronous frequency current is reduced by 94.4%.

The Study on New Solid-State Breaker and Its Over-voltage Suppression Technique

A design scheme of the intelligent SSB (Solid State Breaker) based on the IGCT (Integrated Gate Commutated Thyris- tor) is presented. The topology of switch module and the structure of the SSB are proposed. Firstly, to the IGCT’s over-voltage sensitivity problem, a new technique of reducing the over-voltage is introduced, which releases the elect romantics energy of faulty line by a capacitive current branch to reduce the amplitude of over-voltage. Secondly, the principle of over-voltage suppression with current release branch is analyzed, and the overall control scheme of solid- state breaker is put forward. Finally, the simulation results also demonstrate its obvious effectiveness in over-voltage suppression after adding a current release branch into the SSB.

Calculation of Eddy Current Loss and Short-circuit Force in SSZ11-50000/110 Power Transformer

The ?method is used in this paper to calculate the leakage magnetic field of SSZ11-50000/110 Power transformer, and by which the structures’ influences to the main leakage flux are analyzed. Through the combination of the product and TEAM Problem 21B, the surface impedance method shows its great advantage in the calculation of eddy current loss.

Development of data acquisition and over-current protection systems for a suppressor-grid current with a neutral-beam ion source

Neutral beam injection is one of the effective auxiliary heating methods in magnetic-confinementfusion experiments. In order to acquire the suppressor-grid current signal and avoid the grid being damaged by overheating, a data acquisition and over-current protection system based on the PXI（PCI e Xtensions for Instrumentation） platform has been developed. The system consists of a current sensor, data acquisition module and over-current protection module. In the data acquisition module,the acquired data of one shot will be transferred in isolation and saved in a data-storage server in a txt file. It can also be recalled using NBWave for future analysis. The over-current protection module contains two modes： remote and local. This gives it the function of setting a threshold voltage remotely and locally, and the forbidden time of over-current protection also can be set by a host PC in remote mode. Experimental results demonstrate that the data acquisition and overcurrent protection system has the advantages of setting forbidden time and isolation transmission.

基于新型VLMZVM的ANPC型三电平并网逆变器环流抑制方法

为解决广泛应用在大功率分布式发电系统中的多机有源中点钳位(ANPC)型三电平并网逆变器间的低频零序环流问题,提出一种基于虚拟大矢量的新型十三矢量调制(VLMZVM)策略。通过建立多机ANPC型三电平并网逆变器零序环流模型,分析零序环流产生机理和影响因素,通过检测零序环流状态,实时选择虚拟大矢量或实际大矢量合成方法来抑制零序环流,并提出区分奇偶扇区的矢量分配方法快速选择合成矢量。实验结果验证了新型VLMZVM策略能在电流突变、参数不一致、全功率因数范围都具有很好的环流抑制效果。

基于虚拟电压矢量模型预测转矩的船舶推进电机控制研究

针对船舶电力推进系统中六相永磁同步电机所采用传统直接转矩控制技术(DTC)仅采用最外围电压大矢量,会产生较大谐波电流并导致转矩波动大的问题,提出基于虚拟电压矢量合成的模型预测转矩控制策略(V-MPTC),利用α-β子空间中同向的大矢量和中矢量与z_(1)-z_(2)子空间中反向的小矢量和中矢量恰好对应原理,通过适当地调节一个PWM周期内大矢量和中矢量的占空比,可以使z_(1)-z_(2)子空间中的合成电压矢量幅值为0,实现对电机谐波电流和转矩脉动的抑制。同时为了便于硬件系统实现,进行电压矢量中心化以及采取提前2步的预测方法。仿真结果表明,采用V-MPTC控制策略使系统响应速度有所提高,启动转速超调降低,转矩脉动从0.15 N·m降至0.04 N·m,谐波畸变率从68.92%降至10.85%,验证了该方法在船舶电力推进系统中可提高其控制性能。

液晶汽车仪表LED背光硬件电路分析与设计

为了使液晶汽车仪表的背光灯在受到外界电气干扰的情况下能够保持稳定的输出电流、亮度不发生变化,对已使用的三种汽车仪表LED背光电路进行了研究和分析,提出了一种稳定性较高的硬件电路设计——仪表LED恒流源电路。该电路可通过调节精密电阻值来调节LED背光灯的亮度,设计方案简单、调整电流便捷、成本较低,在液晶汽车仪表市场中具有较高的应用价值。

基于自适应虚拟电阻的低压微电网有功均分下垂控制策略

由于低压微电网中各分布式电源的线路阻抗不匹配,传统的下垂控制策略难以按照下垂系数合理分配有功功率。为此,提出一种无需通信的自适应虚拟电阻下垂控制方法。通过将微电网中每个分布式发电机(DG)单元输出的有功功率和电压传送给自适应虚拟电阻控制器中,在保证电压和频率稳定控制的前提下实现功率按逆变器容量比例进行精确分配。论文对改进方法的微电网逆变器进行小信号稳定性分析,以优化控制器有关控制参数。仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

基于IGCT抑制换相失败的关键控制策略

针对基于电网换相换流器的高压直流(LCC-HVDC)输电系统因以晶闸管作为换流器件而存在的换相失败问题,以集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT)在中国某背靠背高压直流工程中的应用为基础,首先介绍了IGCT型高压直流的拓扑及基本运行原理。接着,从兼顾换相失败抵御效果和IGCT阀的关断应力角度,提出了适应IGCT阀的关断策略。在此基础上,研究了不同类型交流故障对故障电流峰值的影响,提出了利用故障扰动系数动态调整电流控制器参数的策略,实现故障电流抑制和故障期间直流功率的稳定输送。最后,通过实时数字仿真(RTDS)验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。

一种抑制后续换相失败的电流偏差控制参数整定方法

电网换相换流器型高压直流输电(line commutated converter-based high voltage direct current,LCC-HVDC)系统若发生后续换相失败,将严重影响交直流混联电网的安全稳定运行。文中首先针对LCC-HVDC系统故障恢复过程中电流偏差控制作用阶段易再次发生换相失败的问题,对电流偏差控制参数与换相失败之间的关系进行理论分析,发现此阶段系统若不发生换相失败,逆变侧LCC直流电压和交流换相电压须满足一定的约束关系,且该约束关系受电流偏差控制参数的直接影响。然后,基于理论分析结果,提出一种电流偏差控制参数整定方法,可改善系统故障恢复过程中对直流电压恢复速度和程度的控制要求,使系统更易满足直流电压与交流换相电压稳定运行约束关系,以降低后续换相失败概率。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台CIGRE标准测试模型验证了理论分析的正确性以及参数整定方法的有效性。

基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST子模块电容纹波电压抑制策略

基于模块化多电平变换器的固态变压器(modular multilevel converter based solid state transformer,MMC-SST)是实现交直流混合配电网柔性互联及能量多向流动的关键装备。针对固态变压器输入级MMC子模块电容纹波电压过大,导致装置的体积和成本增加的问题,提出一种基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST改进纹波电压抑制策略。首先利用基于比例重复控制的电容电压闭环得到调整后的功率移相角。然后,通过双有源桥变换器将子模块电容纹波功率传递到低压直流母线,从而有效抑制MMC子模块的各频次纹波电压,达到减小电容值的目的。最后,仿真结果表明在网侧电压对称或不对称工况下,基于比例重复控制的MMC-SST子模块电容纹波电压抑制策略均具有良好的纹波电压抑制能力。

抑制采样白噪声干扰的PWM整流器无差拍控制

无差拍控制(DBC)是一种应用于整流器电流内环的预测控制,但该算法对系统参数敏感,当采样受到持续噪声干扰时波形畸变严重。为此,此处提出了一种基于DBC的白噪声抑制算法,实验结果表明,该算法在较大电感参数偏差下能保持稳定,在白噪声干扰下能够显著降低电流畸变率。

基于总线同步的多驱动系统漏电流分析与抑制

多驱动系统中漏电流的大量存在是影响数控加工装备长期稳定运行的重要因素,提出了一种邻消抑制措施,能够有效减少多驱动系统中漏电流,避免漏电保护装置频繁触发。该措施采用PWM调制策略,将空间位置相邻的两个驱动单元的共模电压矢量方向反向,以抵消它们之间的高频共模电压分量,从而有效地抑制了多驱动系统的漏电流。主要创新之处采用了一种软件控制的方式实现了对多驱动系统漏电流的抑制,该措施不但可以有效地抑制漏电流,而且实现成本低。实际测试平台的结果表明,邻消抑制措施在多驱动系统中能够有效降低70%~80%的漏电流,保证了多驱动系统的稳定运行。

双三相同步磁阻电机单相开路故障下的容错控制策略

双三相同步磁阻电机(dual three-phase synchronous reluctance motor,DTP-SynRM)转子不含永磁体,没有高温退磁风险,成本较低,且由于其系统自由度高、冗余性强,因此具有较好的容错性能。开路故障是双三相同步磁阻电机系统中最常见的故障类型之一,该文针对一种两套三相绕组中性点相互独立的双三相同步磁阻电机单相开路故障,建立DTP-SynRM矢量空间解耦模型,实现对电压、电流和磁链方程的完全解耦。在开路故障状态下仍将其视为一个正常的双三相电机,分析故障状态对电机的电流约束和信号传递的影响,并指出在开路故障下z2轴电流与β轴电流不再独立,电机由正常运行时的四阶系统降阶为三阶系统,而由于开路故障导致的电压信号传递不准确则会在dq坐标系中引入二次谐波电流,并产生二次和四次转矩波动。该文提出一种同时考虑电流约束和信号传递误差的故障容错方法,电机处于三闭环运行状态,补偿电压信号传递误差,抑制开路故障时电机的转矩波动并降低电流谐波。搭建实验平台进行实验,验证所提容错方法的有效性和可行性。