Research on the overload protection reliability of moulded case circuit-breakers and its test device

This paper analyzed the reliability and put forward the reliability index of overload protection for moulded case circuit breaker. The success rate was adopted as its reliability index of overload protection. Based on the reliability index and the reli- ability level, the reliability examination plan was analyzed and a test device for the overload protection of moulded case cir- cuit-breaker was developed. In the reliability test of overload protection, two power sources were used, which reduced the time of conversion and regulation between two different test currents in the overload protection test, which made the characteristic test more accurate. The test device was designed on the base of a Windows system, which made its operation simple and friendly.

Study on the instantaneous protection reliability of low voltage circuit breakers

This paper outlines the significance of enhancing the instantaneous protection reliability of low voltage circuit breakers and describes their main failure modes. The instantaneous failure mechanism of low voltage circuit breakers was analyzed so that measures to improve instantaneous protection reliability can be determined. Furthermore, the theory of the instantaneous characteristics calibration device for low voltage circuit breakers and the method of eliminating the non-periodic component of test current are given in detail. Finally, the test results are presented.

A Study on Main Breaker for Quench Protection of HT-7U Toroidal Superconducting Tokamak

This paper proposes a quench protection project of HT-7U toroidal superconducting tokamak through a forced commutation analysis of DC circuit breaker (DCCB) paralleling fuse. Based on the requirement of quench protection, main parameters are selected. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of this proposed project.

Research of Pure Electric Ferry System and Its Short-Circuit Protection and Calculation

System control and safety reliability are important links of the marine DC (Direct Current) power system. The simulationmodel is built by Matlab/Simulink, the battery and super-capacitor are supplied to the system through a three-phase interleaved DC/DCconverter, the fuse and disconnector switch combination are used as the protection device, and the short-circuit point is set betweeneach branch and the DC distribution board, performing short-circuit simulation. This paper also proposes a short-circuit calculationmethod for super-capacitors based on the simplified model of series RC (Resistors & Capacitors), and verifies its correctness throughsimulation data. The results show that the introduction of a three-phase interleaved DC/DC converter reduces the current ripple andmakes the system control more convenient;short-circuit calculation and simulation have determined the short-circuit withstandcapability of the DC distribution board, and verified the feasibility of the fuse selection method and the short-circuit calculation methodof the super-capacitor. This provides reliable verification for the application and calculation of the actual project.

Influence of DFIG Wind Turbine Protection and Control during Voltage Dip on Circuit Breaker Operation

This paper analyzes a DFIG （doubly fed induction generator） WT （wind turbine） fault current after a symmetrical network voltage dip. The goal is to identify the factors determining how fast the first zero crossings of the fault current occur. This is an important subject because the ftmdamental property of the CB （circuit breaker） is that it breaks the current when the current is very near zero. The study was conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop test environment constructed using two real time simulators （dSPACE and RTDS） and a commercial protection relay. It is found that the reactive current injection during a voltage dip demanded by the grid codes enhances the operation of the WT protection because the zero crossings of the currents through CB are attained earlier. In addition, the size of the crowbar resistance has a significant influence on the zero crossings.

Protection of Low Voltage CIGRE Distribution Network

High quality electricity services are the prime objectives in the modern power systems around the world. One of the main players to achieve this is the protection of the system which needs to be fast, reliable and cost effective. The study about the protection of the Low Voltage (LV) CIGRE distribution grid and networks like this has been proposed in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to develop protection against short circuit faults which might appear anywhere in the network. The protection of the power networks that comprises of renewable energy generation units is complicated because of the bidirectional flow of the current and is a challenge for the protection engineers. The selection of the protection devices in this paper is made to protect the network against faults in grid connected and island mode of operation. Ultra-fast fuses are proposed in order to protect the inverters used for Photovoltaic (PV) and battery applications. The disconnection of the PV solar panels when in island mode is made by proposing switch disconnecting devices. ABB is currently using these kinds of disconnection devices for the purpose of protecting solar panels against over voltages in the case of islanding. The over speed protection of the existing Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) in the CIGRE network in case of grid loss is also proposed in this paper.

Advancement in Wide Area Monitoring Protection and Control Using PMU’s Model in MATLAB/SIMULINK

A big step forward to improve power system monitoring and performance, continued load growth without a corresponding increase in transmission resources has resulted in reduced operational margins for many power systems worldwide and has led to operation of power systems closer to their stability limits and to power exchange in new patterns. These issues, as well as the on-going worldwide trend towards deregulation of the entire industry on the one hand and the increased need for accurate and better network monitoring on the other hand, force power utilities exposed to this pressure to demand new solutions for wide area monitoring, protection and control. Wide-area monitoring, protection, and control require communicating the specific-node information to a remote station but all information should be time synchronized so that to neutralize the time difference between information. It gives a complete simultaneous snap shot of the power system. The conventional system is not able to satisfy the time-synchronized requirement of power system. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is enabler of time-synchronized measurement, it communicate the synchronized local information to remote station.

基于钳位型断路器的柔直系统控保协同技术

柔性直流系统以其在输电领域的巨大优势而获得广泛应用.但在直流系统中,短路故障的强冲击性与电力电子器件的脆弱性之间的矛盾异常尖锐,现有保护策略难以同时满足高速动性与高可靠性的要求.本文从控保协同思想出发,基于一种电压钳位原理的直流断路器,提出一种新的故障处理模式,初步探究在柔直系统中控制与保护深度融合的可能性.当发生短路故障时,投入断路器和换流器相配合的限流功能,一方面限制电力电子器件的过流,解决其脆弱性问题;另一方面为保护提供边界,辅助实现故障的快速定位.在甄别出故障线路后,利用断路器的故障切除功能将故障隔离.此方案同时实现了故障限流、保护边界和故障切除3项功能,可有效缓减由于模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)器件脆弱性所带来的一系列保护问题.在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建四端双极柔性直流电网模型,仿真结果表明,本控保协同方案能在5 ms内准确识别并隔离故障线路,而且具有较强的耐受过渡电阻能力.

基于机-电-磁-流整体耦合的油阻尼断路器保护特性的容差设计

油阻尼断路器的主要特点是在电路发生短路、过载等情况时能够自动脱扣,断开电路,从而保护人员和设备的安全,常用于变电站等场所。文章在以往对油阻尼断路器油阻尼力、电磁铁静态特性、操作机构性能等研究的基础上,构建一个基于机-电-磁-流多体多自由度多场耦合的一体化虚拟样机整体耦合模型;接着对该整体耦合模型的保护特性进行了仿真与分析,通过仿真得到了不同电流倍数下动触头的分断特性,并通过实验验证了整体耦合模型和仿真结果的正确性;最后,为减小产品保护特性的分散程度,提高油阻尼断路器的稳定性,文中结合稳健容差设计技术,选取不同电流倍数下触头的断开时间作为目标函数,以极靴半径、细铁芯半径、粗铁芯半径、粗铁芯高度作为关键设计参数,通过正交试验和贡献率分析法对目标函数进行容差分配,使得触头断开时间的分散度比原来减少39.165%。研究成果将会对电器产品的研发提供理论指导。

手跳线路分相断路器失灵时预防事故扩大的方法

现场出现了几起手跳分相断路器时一相或两相断路器失灵的情况,但目前的规范并未要求手跳断路器失灵时启动失灵保护,若由零序过流保护动作切除负荷电流,可能导致事故扩大。目前南网220 kV线路保护通过修改软件实现了三相不一致和单相运行三跳动作后远跳线路对侧,但国网以及南网有些地区的保护不具备软件升级条件,提出了将手跳继电器触点和断路器三相位置不一致状态触点串联后接入纵联电流差动保护的其他保护动作开入方法。该方法简单可靠,便于实施。

医疗建筑中不同场所断路器选择性配合应用分析

针对医疗建筑中ICU等重要场所和普通诊室等非重要场所供电的配电线路保护要求的不同,结合产品制造标准,分析在满足不同产品制造标准断路器应用场景下对医疗建筑线路保护的选择性要求。

沟通三跳接点引起的断路器控制回路隐性故障及其改进措施

断路器控制回路断线是严重危及电网安全运行的危急缺陷,其隐性化发展使得断路器拒动概率增加。断路器保护的沟通三跳接点作为断路器保护重合功能的一部分,在特殊情况下会使得断路器出现控制回路断线无法告警的隐性故障。通过实际案例分析研究断路器保护沟通三跳接点的二次回路设计、原理及其作用,提出了该隐性故障产生的机理和发展过程;最后,对该隐性故障产生的充分条件针对性地提出了改进措施。

断路器后备保护和大短路电流下的上下级选择性研究

引入电流三区段概念,主要分析在选择性极限电流I_(s)超过上级断路器短路保护阈值时的上下级选择性问题,并就实际工程应用给出相关建议。

燃机用国产发电机断路器的研究与应用

燃机用发电机断路器是电力行业的核心设备,其国产化水平的提高对于电力行业的发展具有重要意义。介绍了燃机用国产发电机断路器的研究及应用情况,对燃机用发电机断路器成套装置的结构特点做了详细阐述,同时对首台套国产设备的应用情况做了介绍。通过燃机用发电机断路器成套装置的工程应用,带动相关产业链的发展,提高了燃机发电成套装置的国产化率。

舰船供配电系统断路器选择性分析

介绍了断路器选择性保护的基本概念,以及进行断路器选择性保护研究对于保障供电连续性和可靠性的重要意义。针对某船电力系统,运用时间电流特性曲线设计了断路器参数。搭建了五级断路器试验平台,验证从上而下五级断路器之间选择性,发现存在旁路缺陷。最后,提出了一种改进的时间电流特性曲线,可实现选择性保护,并通过试验验证。

一种重晶石螯合剂完井液体系研究

重晶石加重钻井液在正压差下易进入储层岩石孔喉中,严重堵塞渗流通道,污染地层,极难解除,影响油气井产量。为了解决上述问题,本文通过采用1,3-二溴丙烷改性DTPA制备一种聚集体螯合剂AHJ-1,增大对重晶石的溶解能力,并协同催化剂、转化剂和破胶剂形成一套重晶石螯合完井液体系。实验结果表明,改性后形成的聚集体螯合剂对重晶石的溶解能力更强,在催化剂草酸、转化剂K_(2)CO_(3)作用下,Ba^(2+)与AHJ-1分子的反应活性得到提高,且促进低溶解度BaSO_(4)转化为高溶解度BaCO_(3),增强AHJ-1溶液对重晶石的溶解度。另外,重晶石螯合完井液体系有效溶解重晶石泥饼,对岩芯孔喉中泥饼固相进行溶解反应,提高了污染岩芯渗透率恢复值,有利于提高油气产能。

一起500 kV断路器无故障跳闸事故原因分析及处理

针对某1000 kV变电站发生的一起500 kV断路器无故障跳闸事件,结合动作现象,从绝缘、插件入手分析原因,确定断路器保护插件故障后,对插件进一步试验分析,确定插件故障原因,并制定了有效措施,避免了跳闸事件的发生。

多端直流输电工程大地-金属回线转换策略

针对国内首个常规多端直流输电系统在不同功率水平进行大地回线至金属回线转换的过程中,金属回线转换开关(MRTB)保护动作,导致开关拒动及大地金属回线转换失败的问题,本文通过对大地金属回线转换过程中的电流回路进行分析,推导大地回线与金属回线共存时各个换流站电流的数学表达式,在此基础上分析MRTB拒动原因,并提出改进策略和运行建议,为工程设计和运行维护提供参考。最后,通过仿真证明了本文分析结论的正确性,表明所提改进策略具备工程应用推广价值。

一起特高压线路过电压保护断路器位置开入异常的分析

某特高压线路过电压保护装置进行开入量测试时,发现两套保护装置断路器位置开入量均与现场断路器实际位置不一致。检查发现该异常由断路器位置信号未直接取断路器位置辅助接点,而是取断路器保护操作箱的跳位监视继电器辅助接点引起。当运行中出现TWJ继电器异常失电或回路接线有松动时,会引起过电压保护装置对应断路器位置不正确开入,闭锁保护,从而引发过电压保护不能正确动作。针对此种开入方式的不足,提出了保护巡视和操作时的针对性措施,建议变电站保护设计时尽量考虑过电压保护直取断路器位置辅助接点。

一起500 kV断路器相继故障保护动作分析

针对一起500 kV断路器相继故障的事故,按照5052断路器故障、5051断路器故障、重合于故障的时间先后顺序,通过录波数据,分析了保护的动作过程情况。最后对5051、5052断路器进行解体开盖,发现断路器内部确实发生了击穿接地。