On the Association and Collocation of Lexicology:Between Adjectives and Prepositions

Before we focus association and collocation on a given subject,it is highly important to pay attention to association and collocation between word-classes.The essay endeavors to restate the key rules of association and collocation and restrict itself to the associative and collocative relationship between adjectives and prepositions.

小议near作prepositional adjective

本文作者对near在句中作介词形容词用法进行了讨论和归纳,使得中国学生和初学者更容易理解。从而得出:同一个词在不同的句中可有不同的词性。

The Dynamicity of the Transformation‘Nouns to Adjectives’

The contradiction between the unlimited cognitive needs and limited means of expression of human beings caused the phenomenon of lexical decategorization.There are many examples of nouns that are used as adjectives in Chinese.The evolution of languages is undying and it occurs at anytime.The phenomenon of‘nouns to adjectives’has dynamicity.There is a big difference in the completeness within this phenomenon and it performs as a unidirectional continuum.

A Comparative Study of Adjective Nominalization in English and Chinese

It is generally recognized that nominalization, the use of a word which is not a noun as a noun, functions as a natural section of language, among which adjective nominalization serves as a requisite. This phenomenon can be frequently found in both Chinese and English. This paper comparatively studies adjective nominalization in the two languages, and discovers that the phenomenon in two languages shares similarities in syntactic functions, but differs in terms of the composition pattern in that formation in English is more various than Chinese, that is, in English it can be achieved either with or without the assistance of suffixes, yet that in Chinese is realized merely through zero suffixes.

FUNCTION OF ADJECTIVE IN A SENTENCE

In English grammar, an adjective is used to depict, qualify or modify a noun. In doing so, it may refer to the noun either directly, or through the medium of a link verb. Take the adjective "diligent" for example. We can say, "a diligent student", or "The student is diligent." Thus,

A Study of Metaphorical Noun-noun Compounds and Adjective-noun Compounds in English

Compounds are constantly used in everyday language,which has a significant contribution to forming new words in Eng lish.The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of its constituents,partly because some of those compounds bear metaphori cal/metonymic sense.This article focuses on the study of the metaphorical noun-noun compounds and adjective-noun compounds in English.Based on the semantic relationship between the compound and the constituents,and the parts that metaphorical sense occurs in the compound,three main types of metaphorical adjective-noun compounds were identified.

Establishment of the Method of Immunohistochemistry Assay for the Detection of Scrapie in Chinese Short-Tailed Han Sheep by Monoclonal Antibody

The method of immunohistochemistry assay for the detection of scrapie in Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep was established using monoclonal antibody. Genomic DNA was isolated from Chinese Short-tailed Hart sheep blood. Using the polymerase chain reaction technique, PrP27-30 gene sequence was amplified from Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep genomic DNA. By recombinant DNA technology, the recombinant protein of Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep PrP27-30 was obtained. Then, using standard methodology of myeloma cell fusion, a panel of monoclonal antibodies was generated. With mAbs, scrapie in Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep was detected by immunohistochemistry assay. The recombinant protein of Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep PrP27-30 was obtained and a panel of six hybridoma cell lines secreting specific antibodies to Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep PrP27-30 related to scrapie was obtained with one fusion between myeloma Sp2/0 and spleen ceils from mice immunized with the purified recombinant protein. Four hybridoma cell lines can be used in immunohistochemistry assay for the detection of scrapie in Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep. So that the special monoclonal antibody developed in author＇s institute can be used to detect PrP^sc of scrapie in Chinese Short-tailed Han sheep by immunohistochemistry in China.

The Adjectival Intensifier hen in Mandarin Chinese

Huang (2006) argues that h?n ‘very’, the Mandarin adjective intensifier, is anobligatory type-lifter that transforms simple adjectives to complex adjectives for predicatehood,as is required by the Property Theory (Chierchia, 1984, 1985). This article studies theother cases where h?n is not obligatory and concludes that, in addition to h?n-insertion,affixation, and reduplication identified by Huang (2006), the negator bù and VP or IPmovement can also function as type-lifters for simple adjectives. I further argue that onlyone type-lifter device is allowed per sentence.

试论汉英肤觉形容词义位衍生现象的共性与差异

通过引申和比喻扩展词义是语言系统高度发展的特征之一。以汉英肤觉形容词为切入点,运用词汇语义逻辑理论,发现两种语言在义位衍生机制方面存在共性,即引申、比喻义位的衍生分别遵循“以属指名”和“以名指属”的语义逻辑机制。通过对比还发现,英语作为形态语言,衍生的义位明显多于汉语,而汉语衍生义位的透明度和理据性更高。

上古汉语是否存在作格动词

文章回顾了关于上古汉语作格动词研究的不同意见,指出上古汉语存在作格动词,理由有二:第一,“四声别义”“清浊别义”与词的同一性问题不能否定上古汉语作格动词的存在;第二,上古汉语时期,“破”类动词是作格动词,“斩”类动词不是作格动词。

皖北方言非助动词“能”的多功能用法

在皖北方言中,非助动词“能”主要用作动词、形容词和副词。用作动词时具有综合性动词的功能,相当于普通话中的动宾结构,其重叠形式“能能”往往出现在话题结构中,语义上是对上文动作行为的总结和评价。作为形容词,因其语境不同分为“积极义”和“消极义”两种义类,句法上都可以带后缀和带补语。作为副词,只能出现在“形+得+能”和“形+能+了”两种构式中充当补语,表高程度义,但不能充当状语;“形+得+能”构式的形成跟“能”后成分的隐含、构式的制约和影响以及“能”的语义推演密切相关。

基于DWDS语料库的德语味觉形容词及其隐喻机制研究

以德语味觉形容词作为研究对象,从其本义和隐喻用法对süß,sauer,bitter,salzig,scharf五个德语味觉形容词进行分析。基于Lakoff的隐喻理论并结合语例,研究发现:1)德语味觉形容词作本义时具有味觉指向性、品质性、主体性、标准参照性、相对性的语义特征;2)味觉形容词在作隐喻用法时,除味觉指向性外,其他特点均保留,且增加了情感性的特征。此外,味觉形容词作隐喻用法时,可以根据其情感性的特征,与特定动词搭配,表达人的情感及心理状态。

同义形容词在英语学习词典中的对比研究

基于词典学视角,对三部英语学习词典中一组表示“巨大”的六个同义形容词(huge、enormous、massive、vast、tremendous及immense)的释义和例证进行对比分析。调查显示,英语词典在释义静态描写中未能突显同义形容词之间的内部语义结构差异,在例证动态描写中也表现出了搭配、句法、语体等功能不同程度的差别、不足与缺失,不利于外语学习者全面准确地掌握同义形容词的语言特征。这些研究发现能为词典编纂实践提供一些启示和指导意义。

基于文本和图像门控融合机制的多模态方面级情感分析

多模态方面级情感分析是多模态情感分析领域的一项新兴任务,旨在对给定的方面实体在文本和图像中所体现的情感进行识别。尽管多模态方面级情感分析研究近年来取得了突破性的进展,但是现有的模型在多模态特征融合阶段大都仅采用简单的拼接方法,而没有考虑图像中是否存在与文本语义不相关的信息,这在一定程度上可能会为模型引入额外的噪声。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于文本和图像门控融合机制的多模态方面级情感分析模型(TIGFM)。该模型在文本和图像进行交互的同时引入了从数据集图像中提取的形容词-名词对(ANPs),并将其中形容词的加权作为图像辅助信息;此外,在特征融合阶段,通过构建一种动态控制图像和图像辅助信息输入的门控机制实现多模态特征融合。实验结果表明,TIGFM模型在两个基于Twitter的数据集上取得了具有竞争力的结果,进而验证了所提方法的有效性。

构式语法框架下清涧方言“圪AA的”状态形容词研究

陕北晋语清涧方言中“圪AA的”状态形容词有180多个且在日常生活中使用频繁,按照构式语法属于四字格构式。形态上,该构式中A可以是形容词、动词和拟声词。“圪AA的”表达式一部分是通过其对应的“A”式“圪A”式、“AA的”式经重叠、加缀等形态变化生成,一部分是通过给“圪AA的”构式填充A后再将其重叠的结果。句法上,该构式可以在句中作谓语、定语、补语和状语,不受单音节否定词修饰,但可以用在“不/没说”含有对比的否定句中。该构式的基本义为描绘性,其语义和语用内涵包括“极致性”语义量值、“消极/负面性”立场态度偏向和“口语性”语体色彩。

“X的X,Y的Y”构式的形、动二分格局及其特征探析

“X的X,Y的Y”是一种常见的构式,其构式义是对人或事物状态的多种描绘,以及对动作或事件的分项列举。通过分析“X的X,Y的Y”构式的构成成分,发现“X的X,Y的Y”构式在形式、功能上呈现出明显的形、动二分格局,并具有以下特征:形容词、动词以外的词类不能进入该构式;形容词类“X的X,Y的Y”构式总表示消极义;“X的X”或“Y的Y”不能单说。本研究集中描写“X的X,Y的Y”构式在形容词类和动词类上的差异,并运用语言使用中的语用推理、认知框式激活效应以及信息结构的足量原则等对上述语言现象作出一定的解释,以期为现代汉语常见构式的研究提供借鉴,同时加深对现代汉语动词词类、形容词词类范畴的认识。

现代汉语“×然”形容词的句法功能研究

该文在“原型范畴”理论和“词类的功能分布”思想视域下,运用定量统计与定性分析相结合、现象描写与理论解释相结合的方法,考察《现代汉语词典》(2016)“×然”形容词的词类特征及句法功能。“×然”形容词有唯状类、兼状类、不可状类三种类别。唯状类“×然”形容词是只具备形容词非典型句法功能的单功能词。兼状类“×然”形容词属多功能词,构成“×然”形容词的主体。不可状类“×然”形容词是只具备形容词典型句法功能的单功能词。在句法功能的典型性维度上,“×然”形容词的典型功能与非典型功能呈此消彼长的连续统,在词类分布特征适应性上亦呈从典型的性质形容词向边缘过渡的连续统。

词类的独立性与内部异质性——突厥语族语言形容词的形态句法类型

语言类型学主要依据跨语言的形态和句法标准对不同语言的主要词类进行界定和描述。通过对不同形态句法参项的系统考察,突厥语族语言形容词类具有区别于名词和动词的典型形态句法特征,可以识别为一个独立的词类。典型形容词A1主要编码核心属性义,兼具修饰性和陈述性功能,派生形容词A2主要编码边缘属性义,修饰性功能较陈述性功能凸显。形容词的构成方式与句法功能及语义间的关联性体现出黏着语言形容词类内部的异质性特征。属性义是排除一些边缘类成员的重要标准,属性义的逐渐淡化决定了一些无形态变化小词在形容词—动词连续统间的游离状态。

基于生成词库理论的现代汉语“酸”多义性研究

本文运用语料库技术,在生成词库论、论元结构和物性结构的指导下,对“酸”字在现代汉语中的义项分布情况进行重新描写,除《现代汉语词典》中的5个义项外,还发现5个新义项。