Dietary Vitamin K Restriction and Effectiveness of Vitamin K Antagonists Prescribed at the CNHU-HKM University Cardiology Clinic/BENIN

Introduction: Their efficacy in preventing thrombotic and embolic events has been proven in numerous studies, but their narrow therapeutic index requires particular vigilance, especially in terms of biology. In addition, treatment-related hemorrhagic complications are not uncommon. This study explores the influence of dietary vitamin K restriction on the efficacy of antivitamin K treatment at the University Cardiology Clinic of CNHU-HKM. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study that took place from 25 April to 29 August 2019. Patients’ dietary behaviors and successive INR values were collected. Information on dietary intake was obtained by 2 non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. The effectiveness of VKA treatment was assessed by the “Time in Therapeutic Range” (TTR) of the INR. VKA treatment was considered effective for a TTR greater than 65%. Results: At the end of this study, 40 patients were surveyed. The mean age of the participants was 58.05 years ± 13.32 years, with a sex ratio of 1.35. Complete arrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation was the main indication for VKA treatment (37.50%) and fluindione was the most commonly prescribed drug (77.50%). The duration of treatment was less than or equal to 2 years in 47.5% of the subjects surveyed. Before starting treatment, 85% of patients received advice on restricting vitamin K-rich foods, and 45% of patients reported “food burnout” after a period of compliance with the restriction. The majority of respondents (97.50%) complied with the restriction on vitamin K-rich foods. All respondents had high energy intakes and a poor distribution of macronutrients, with a predominance of carbohydrates and proteins. 2.5% of respondents were on effective anti-vitamin K therapy with a TTR of over 65%. Conclusion: Restriction of vitamin K-rich foods is not conducive to effective treatment with vitamin K antagonists.

Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences

The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease(CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction(CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas:(1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling;(2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women;(3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CRmimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.

Effects of dietary protein restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and m TORC1 pathway in the skeletal muscle of growing-finishing pigs

Background： To investigate the effects of dietary crude protein（CP） restriction on muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to protein deposition in skeletal muscle, a total of 18 growing-finishing pigs（62.30 ± 0.88 kg）were allotted to 3 groups and fed with the recommended adequate protein（AP, 16 % CP） diet, moderately restricted protein（MP, 13 % CP） diet and low protein（LP, 10 % CP） diet, respectively. The skeletal muscle of different locations in pigs, including longissimus dorsi muscle（LDM）, psoas major muscle（PMM） and biceps femoris muscle（BFM） were collected and analyzed.Results： Results showed that growing-finishing pigs fed the MP or AP diet improved（P 〈 0.01） the average daily gain and feed： gain ratio compared with those fed the LP diet, and the MP diet tended to increase（P = 0.09） the weight of LDM. Moreover, the ATP content and energy charge value were varied among muscle samples from different locations of pigs fed the reduced protein diets. We also observed that pigs fed the MP diet up-regulated（P 〈 0.05） muscular m RNA expression of all the selected key genes, except that myosin heavy chain（My HC） IIb,My HC IIx, while m RNA expression of ubiquitin ligases genes was not affected by dietary CP level. Additionally, the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1（m TORC1） pathway was stimulated（P 〈 0.05） in skeletal muscle of the pigs fed the MP or AP diet compared with those fed the LP diet.Conclusion： The results suggest that the pigs fed the MP diet could catch up to the growth performance and the LDM weight of the pigs fed the AP diet, and the underlying mechanism may be partly due to the alteration in energy status, modulation of muscle fiber characteristics and m TORC1 activation as well as its downstream effectors in skeletal muscle of different locations in growing-finishing pigs.

Dietary Restriction Reduces Blood Lipids and Ameliorates Liver Function of Mice with Hyperlipidemia

Dietary restriction（DR） can delay senescence, prolong lifespan of mammals and improve their learning-memory activity. The purpose of the study was to explore the effects of DR on hypolipidemic action and liver function of mice with hyperlipidemia. To investigate these effects, hyperlipidemia mouse models were established with high-fat diet（HFD）（34% of energy）, then randomly divided into HFD group, DR30% group and DR50% group. Mice in DR30% and DR50% group were respectively supplied with HFD as much as about 70% and 50% of the consumption of HFD in the mice of HFD group. Rats in control group were fed routinely. After DR for 5 weeks, the average body weight, liver weight, liver index, serum lipids and glucose levels in both DR groups decreased significantly as compared with the HFD group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, so did alanine aminotransferase（ALT）, aspartate aminotransferase（AST）, lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） levels and the ratio of LDL-C/HDL-C in the DR50% group（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Histopathology examination of liver tissues further proved ameliorative effect of DR on liver function. Western blotting showed that DR significantly increased the expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1（SIRT1） in liver and adipose, while notably decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-gamma（PPARγ） in adipose（P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. The increase of SIRT1 and decrease of PPARγ may be a mechanism by which DR reduces blood lipids and ameliorates liver function.

Calorie restriction or dietary restriction: how far they can protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases?

Finding the correct nutritional intervention is one of the biggest challenges in treating patients with neurodegenerative diseases.In general,these patients develop strong metabolic alterations,resulting in lower treatment efficacy and higher mortality rates.However,there are still many open questions regarding the effectiveness of dietary interventions in neurodiseases.Some studies have shown that a reduction in calorie intake activates key pathways that might be important for preventing or slowing down the progression of such diseases.However,it is still unclear whether these neuroprotective effects are associated with an overall reduction in calories(hypocaloric diet)or a specific nutrient restriction(diet restriction).Therefore,here we discuss how commonly or differently hypocaloric and restricted diets modulate signaling pathways and how these changes can protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases.

Metabolomic changes in fatty liver can be modified by dietary protein and calcium during energy restriction

AIM： To characterise the effect of energy restriction （ER） on liver lipid and primary metabolite profile by using metabolomic approach. We also investigated whether the effect of energy restriction can be further enhanced by modification of dietary protein source and calcium. METHODS： Liver metabolomic profile of lean and obese C57BI/6J mice （n = 10/group） were compared with two groups of weight-reduced mice. ER was performed on control diet and whey protein-based high-calcium diet （whey ＋ Ca）. The metabolomic analyses were performed using the UPLC/MS based lipidomic platform and the HPLC/MS/MS based primary metabolite platform.RESULTS： ER on both diets significantly reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and lipid droplet size, while only whey ＋ Ca diet significantly decreased blood glucose （P 〈 0.001） and serum insulin （P 〈 0.01）. In hepatic lipid species the biggest reduction was in the level of triacylglycerols and cerarnides while the level of cholesterol esters was significantly increased during ER. Interestingly, diacylglycerol to phospholipid ratio, an indicator of relative amount of diabetogenic diglyceride species, was increased in the control ER group, but decreased in the whey ＋ Ca ER group （P 〈 0.001, vs obese）. ER on whey ＋ Ca diet also totally reversed the obesity induced increase in the relative level of lipotoxic cerarnides （P 〈 0.001, vs obese; P 〉 0.05, vs lean）. These changes were accompanied with up-regulated TCA cycle and pentose phosphate pathway rnetabolites. CONCLUSION： ER-induced changes on hepatic rnetabolornic profile can be significantly affected by dietary protein source. The therapeutic potential of whey protein and calcium should be further studied.

Dietary restriction to accompany the aging process in mice Can it be neuroprotective?

BACKGROUND： Prophylactic dietary restriction （DR）, whether lifelong or started in adulthood,retards the aging process and attenuates cognitive decline in rodents. However, whether the anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacy of DR initiate late in life or accompany the aging process remains unclear.OBJECTIVE： The present study sought to： （1） determine if DR could protect against behavioral decline in mice when implemented during the aging process induced by D-galactose and （2） examine neuronal apoptosis in these aged brains and whether DR could block apoptosis.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized controlled animal study. The experiment was performed at the Experimental Animal Center of Capital Medical University and the Laboratory Center of School of Public Health of Captial Medical University of China from April 2006 to October 2007.MATERIALS： D-galactose （D-gal） was purchased from Beijing Chemical-Regent Company （Beijing, China）. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） detection kit was obtained from Roche, Germany. Assay kits for antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde contents were purchased from Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology （Nanjing, China）. Morris water maze （Friends Honesty Life Sciences Co. Ltd., Hong Kong, China） and Flow Cytometry （Coulter, USA） were used in this study.METHODS： A total of 40 male Institute of Cancer Research （lCR） mice, 3 months old, were equally and randomly divided into D-gal treatment, DR treatment, D-gal ＋ DR treatment and normal control groups, and were then randomly assigned to one of two feeding regimens： ad libitum access to food or DR which received a 70% amount of daily food intake as that by ad libitum fed mice. There were two replicates per feeding regimen and mice were fed for 10 weeks,with or without a daily subcutaneous injection of D-gal at 100 mg/kg.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Animals＇ spatial learning and memory performance were tested in the Morris water maze. Neuronal apoptosis rates were evaluated by Annexin V/flow cytometry assay and TUNEL assay. Lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant defense capacity of the brain were measured using testing kits.RESULTS： DR markedly reduced the prolonged escape latency of D-gal mice in the water maze test （P〈0.01）. Annexin V and TUNEL assays showed that the D-gal mice had a significant higher percentage of neuronal apoptosis compared with normal control mice （P〈0.05）, and that DR treatment markedly decreased this apoptotic cell death （P〈0.05）. DR also reversed the decline of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and the increase of malondialdehyde levels in the brain of D-gal mice （P〈0.05, respectively）.CONCLUSION： DR reduces the impact of D-gal-induced brain aging in mice and can reverse performance decline and neurobiochemical impairments. These results demonstrate that implementation of DR in conditions of chronic oxidative stress can be neuroprotective, and that senium DR can be beneficial for healthy aging.

The Effects of Dietary Restriction and Aging on in Vivo and in Vitro Binding of Aflatoxin B_1 to Cellular DNA

Laboratory animals maintained on a reduced calorie but nutritionally adequate diet have extended life spans and lowered incidences of spontaneous and chemically induced cancers compared to ad libitum- fed counterparts. Many of the effects of dietary restriction on laboratory animals have been suggested to be related to a deceleration of the aging process. The inhibition of age-related changes in xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities by dietary restriction has previously been reported. Alterations of these enzyme activities may cause changes in metabolic activation of carcinogens and, therefore, carcinogen-DNA binding. DNA-repair capability has also been reported to be enhanced in diet-restricted rats. Using AFB1 as a model carcinogen, we have studied in vivo and in vitro hepatic AFB1 -DNA binding, demonstrating that dietary restriction (60% of ad libitum consumption) may decrease the metabolic activation of AFB1, and subsequently reduce AFB 1-DNA binding. Our preliminary results obtained from the AFB 1-DNA binding experiments in isolated hepatocytes suggest that the observed age-dependent reduction in AFB 1-DNA binding which may be attributed to a loss of metabolic activating capability was delayed in the diet-restricted rats.

Effects of quantitative feed restriction and sex on carcass traits,meat quality and meat lipid profile of Morada Nova lambs

Background: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction(FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight of 14.5 ± 0.89 kg and age of 120 d were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of three sexes(11 entire males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding(ad libitum – AL and 30% and 60% FR).Results: Entire males presented greater hot and cold carcass weights(P < 0.05), followed by castrated males and females. However, the hot carcass yield was higher for females and castrated males than for entire males. Luminosity values were influenced(P < 0.05) by sex, with entire males presenting higher values than castrated males and females.Females showed higher(P < 0.05) concentrations of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in the meat of the longissimus thoracis muscle. The meat of animals submitted to AL intake and 30% FR showed similar(P > 0.05) concentrations, and the concentrations of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher(P < 0.05) than those of animals with 60% FR. The meat of females had a higher ω6/ω3 ratio and lower h/H ratio, and females had greater levels of feeding. The meat of animals on the 60% FR diet had a greater ω6/ω3 ratio, lower h/H ratio and lower concentration of desirable fatty acids in addition to a greater atherogenicity index(AI) and thrombogenicity index(TI).Conclusion: Lambs of different sexes had carcasses with different quantitative traits without total influence on the chemical and physical meat characteristics. The lipid profile of the meat was less favorable to consumer health when the animals were female or submitted to 60% feed restriction.

Effect of Nutrient Restriction on Social Transmission of Food Preferences Depends on Nutrient and Species

For omnivores to determine whether an unfamiliar item is an appropriate food, they could rely on personal information from sampling it themselves or rely on less risky observation of whether other individuals eat the item. Availability of information about food from social companions in group-living species is one of the benefits of group life. Adults of solitary-living species, however, seem typically less likely to rely on social information about food choice. If an individual faced a nutritional deficit, it would seem to increase the value of public information. This study addresses whether dietary restriction from certain nutrients (sodium, potassium, protein, carbohydrates) affects reliance on information about food from conspecifics. Without nutrient restriction, group-living Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) preferred the diet that they smelled on the breath of a conspecific demonstrator, but solitary-living Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) avoided it. Protein restriction yielded similar results as measured one hour into a diet choice test. Potassium restriction, however, reversed the pattern: rats avoided the demonstrator’s diet but hamsters preferred it. Clearly, the valence of social information depended on the nutrient from which individuals were restricted and the species under study. This could be related to the contrasting social organization that members of each species generate. Neither species relied on social information about the availability of a nutrient from which they were restricted if they could taste that nutrient for themselves (sodium, carbohydrates).

Implications of oxidative damage to proteins and DNA in aging and its intervention by caloric restriction and exercise

In this short review we describe implications of age-related changes of protein and DNA oxidation as a public mechanism of biological aging. Oxidatively modified protein and DNA have been demonstrated to increase with advancing age in rodents. Half-life of proteins is extended and DNA repair activity declines in old animals. Dietary restriction initiated late in life can shorten the half-life of proteins to levels of young animals, thus contributing to reduce level of altered proteins in old animals by the regimen. Regular exercise reduced oxidatively modified proteins in the brain with improved cognitive functions. It attenuated oxidative stress in the liver, i.e., ameliorating activation of nuclear factor κB, increasing reduced glutathione, and decreasing oxidized guanine base in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. These findings suggest that regular exercise has systemic effects in reducing oxidative stress. Thus, life-styles such as diet and exercise may extend health span, by up-regulating overall anti-oxidant capacities that include proteins involved in protein turnover and DNA repair, resulting in reduction of damaged proteins and DNA that potentially promote physiological and pathological aging.

基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer可视化软件对饮食限制调控炎症的研究现状与热点分析

目的:基于CiteSpace和VOSviewer可视化软件对饮食限制(DR)调控炎症文献进行定量可视化分析,探索DR调控炎症领域的研究热点和趋势。方法:检索2010年1月1日至2022年9月29日Web of Science核心数据库中收录的DR调控炎症相关文献共1678篇,经筛查最终获得1344篇,使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer可视化软件对检索到的文献数据进行年发文量、国家、机构、作者、被引频次和关键词的定量和可视化分析。结果:最终获得的1344篇文献年发文量总体呈上升趋势,文献最高被引频次为1676次,美国(481篇)是出产文献数量最多的国家,中国(181篇)位居第二。DR调控炎症领域研究热点集中在热量限制(CR)、生酮饮食、衰老、代谢性疾病、脂肪组织及肠道菌群等方面。结论:DR调控炎症愈来愈受到国际和国内研究者青睐,未来研究热点可能是CR模拟物(CRM)、肠道菌群、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病,总体研究趋势为进一步明确DR的抗炎机制,寻找新的治疗靶点,将更多经过体外和动物模型证实的有效方案进行更严格的临床试验。

炎症性肠病患者食物素养与避免/限制性食物摄入障碍的相关性研究

背景炎症性肠病(IBD)患者饮食过度限制现象普遍,严重者可导致避免/限制性食物摄入障碍(ARFID)。研究显示食物素养可在一定程度上影响患者的饮食行为,其能否直接影响IBD患者ARFID报道较少。目的了解IBD患者食物素养及ARFID现状,剖析两者的相关性。方法本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法选取2022年10月—2023年6月在江苏省中医院(南京中医药大学附属医院)、南京市中医院(南京中医药大学附属南京中医院)、南京鼓楼医院、东南大学附属中大医院4家综合性医院的消化科和肛肠科门诊就诊或住院的IBD患者为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、9条目避免/限制性食物摄入障碍筛查量表(NIAS)、食物素养量表对研究对象进行调查,比较不同特征的IBD患者NIAS和食物素养得分,采用Pearson相关分析探讨两者的关系。结果共发放问卷438份,回收有效问卷429份,有效回收率为97.95%。IBD患者NIAS得分为(20.82±8.65)分,ARFID发生率为18.41%(79/429),食物素养得分为(32.72±9.68)分。不同疾病类型、疾病活动度的患者NIAS得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,IBD患者食物素养得分、食物素养量表中的计划、管理维度以及制作态度得分与NIAS得分均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论IBD患者食物素养水平有待提高,ARFID现象普遍(18.41%),食物素养与ARFID呈负相关。临床医护人员应定期评估患者的食物素养,监测其饮食行为,制订精准健康教育干预路径提升食物素养水平,降低ARFID发生率。

Caloric restriction,Sirtuins,and cardiovascular diseases

Caloric restriction(CR)is a well-established dietary intervention known to extend healthy lifespan and exert positive effects on aging-related diseases,including cardiovascular conditions.Sirtuins,a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD^(+))-dependent histone deacetylases,have emerged as key regulators of cellular metabolism,stress responses,and the aging process,serving as energy status sensors in response to CR.However,the mechanism through which CR regulates Sirtuin function to ameliorate cardiovascular disease remains unclear.This review not only provided an overview of recent research investigating the interplay between Sirtuins and CR,specifically focusing on their potential implications for cardiovascular health,but also provided a comprehensive summary of the benefits of CR for the cardiovascular system mediated directly via Sirtuins.CR has also been shown to have considerable impact on specific metabolic organs,leading to the production of small molecules that enter systemic circulation and subsequently regulate Sirtuin activity within the cardiovascular system.The direct and indirect effects of CR offer a potential mechanism for Sirtuin modulation and subsequent cardiovascular protection.Understanding the interplay between CR and Sirtuins will provide new insights for the development of interventions to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases.

《外台秘要方》服药食忌文献溯源及其价值

《外台秘要方》中的服药食忌理论有别于一般的饮食禁忌,其药物与忌食食物之间存在明确的对应关系。通过文献分析法对《外台秘要方》服药食忌的文献来源、理论源流及其学术价值进行研究。结果发现:《外台秘要方》服药食忌的直接文献来源主要为《新修本草》,少部分取自《许仁则方》等唐代以前其他医书;《外台秘要方》服药食忌的理论来源或可追溯至东汉时期的《伤寒论》;王焘具备一定的药物学知识,能够对固有的服药食忌理论去粗取精、拓展出新;《外台秘要方》服药食忌的内容在考证古方、研究北宋校正医书局校勘方法与底本选择等方面,有着独特的文献价值。

高膳食纤维限能干预对肥胖合并糖耐量异常患者体重和代谢指标的影响

目的探究高膳食纤维限能干预对肥胖合并糖耐量异常患者体重和代谢指标的影响。方法前瞻性选取陕西省中医医院营养科门诊收治的60例肥胖合并糖耐量异常患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为高膳食纤维限能组(30例,高膳食纤维限能干预)和常规饮食限能组(30例,常规饮食限能)。比较两组的干预效果。结果干预后,高膳食纤维限能组的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)水平及稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)优于常规饮食限能组(P<0.05)。干预后,高膳食纤维限能组的腰围、体质量指数(BMI)、体脂率、内脏脂肪指数小于常规饮食限能组(P<0.05)。高膳食纤维限能组的治疗有效率高于常规饮食限能组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高膳食纤维限能干预在肥胖合并糖耐量异常患者中的效果较好,可改善体重和代谢指标。

Impact of dietary L-arginine supply during early gestation on myofiber development in newborn pigs exposed to intra-uterine crowding

Background: Intra-uterine crowding(IUC) observed in hyperprolific sows impairs myofiber hyperplasia and overall fetal growth. Arginine supplementation(ARG) in gestation diets has been shown to positively affect litter and muscle development. The study objective was to assess whether the effect of ARG on offspring characteristics, with special emphasis on myofiber hyperplasia, differs under IUC conditions from these responses,because in that situation growth retardation is particularly prevalent due to reduced fetal nutrient supply.Unilateral oviduct ligation(OL) was used as a model for an uncrowded and hyperprolificacy(IN) as a model for a crowded intra-uterine environment.Methods: Five OL and five IN sows were fed a diet supplemented daily with either 43 g L-alanine(Ctrl) or 25 g L-arginine from d 14 to 28 of gestation in a cross-over design(two periods: 5^( th) and 6^( th) parity). At farrowing, two male and two female offspring, respectively, with a low and intermediate birth weight(BtW) were selected. After euthanization, the Semitendinosus muscle(STM) was removed and weighed, and the light and dark portions(STM_d and STM_l) were prepared for myofiber histochemistry using ATPase staining and the entire STM for gene expression analysis of myogenesis-related genes using RT-qPCR. In addition, various organs were removed and weighed. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model in SYSTAT.Results: No effect of either IUC or dietary treatment was found in litter characteristics. Offspring of ARG sows displayed a greater muscle area in STM(P < 0.01) as a result of the greater myofiber hyperplasia(P < 0.01). The increase was more distinct in the STM_l(P < 0.05) than in the STM_d(P = 0.131). Offspring of OL sows were heavier at birth(P < 0.01), had a heavier STM(P < 0.05), liver(P < 0.01) and kidney(P < 0.05), but when expressed relative to birth weight, these differences were absent. In addition, IUC had an effect(P < 0.05) on the expression of one of the myogenesis-related genes investigated.Conclusions: Independent from the extent of IUC, ARG improved Bt W, muscle and organ weights and myofiber hyperplasia in offspring.

Dashing away hypertension: Evaluating the efficacy of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet in controlling high blood pressure

The dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet has been developed and popularized as a nonpharmaceutical intervention for high blood pressure reduction since 1995.However,to date,a comprehensive description of the biochemical rationale behind the diet's principal guidelines has yet to be compiled.With rising interest for healthy and reliable life-style modifications to combat cardiovascular disease,this review aims to compile the most recent and relevant studies on this topic and make an informed assessment as to the efficacy of and underlying mechanisms operant in the DASH diet.Specifically,the merits of lowering dietary intake of sodium and saturated fat,as well as increasing the intake of fruits,vegetables,fiber,and dairy,have been shown to attenuate hypertension individually.Upon review of this evidence,we conclude that the combination of dietary patterns proposed in the DASH diet is effective in attenuating high blood pressure.We also suggest that efforts to more widely implement adoption of the DASH diet would be beneficial to public health.

Self-reported dietary fructose intolerance in irritable bowel syndrome: Proposed diagnostic criteria

AIM: To study the criteria for self-reported dietary fructose intolerance(DFI) and to evaluate subjective global assessment(SGA) as outcome measure.METHODS: Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients were randomized in an open study design with a 2 wk run-in on a habitual IBS diet, followed by 12 wk with/without additional fructose-reduced diet(FRD). Daily registrations of stool frequency and consistency, and symptoms on a visual analog scale(VAS) were performed during the first 4 wk. SGA was used for weekly registrations during the whole study period. Provocation with high-fructose diet was done at the end of the registration period. Fructose breath tests(FBTs) were performed. A total of 182 subjects performed the study according to the protocol(88 FRD, 94 controls).RESULTS:We propose a new clinically feasible diagnostic standard for self-reported fructose intolerance.The instrument is based on VAS registrations of symptom relief on FRD combined with symptom aggravation upon provocation with fructose-rich diet.Using these criteria 43of 77 patients(56%)in the present cohort of IBS patients had self-reported DFI.To improve the concept for clinical evaluation,we translated the SGA scale instrument to Norwegian and validated it in the context of the IBS diet regimen.The validation procedures showed a sensitivity,specificity andκvalue for SGA detecting the self-reported DFI group by FRD response within the IBS patients of 0.79,0.75 and 0.53,respectively.Addition of the provocation test yielded values of 0.84,0.76 and 0.61,respectively.The corresponding validation results for FBT were 0.57,0.34 and-0.13,respectively.CONCLUSION:FRD improves symptoms in a subgroup of IBS patients.A diet trial followed by a provocation test evaluated by SGA can identify most responders to FRD.

间歇性禁食国际研究进展与热点的可视化分析

背景 间歇性禁食指设定进食时间,并在进食时间之外保持禁食的饮食方式。随着研究的深入,该饮食方式已被证明在慢性病防治中可发挥重要作用。目的 对国际上间歇性禁食近10余年的研究热点和趋势进行可视化分析,为该领域未来研究提供参考和依据。方法 2022-04-26,检索Web of Science核心数据库中间歇性禁食主题相关研究,检索时限设定为2010年1月至2022年4月。通过CiteSpace软件对纳入文献的学科分布、作者及机构合作关系、高频关键词、突现性被引关键词等进行分析,并绘制相关图谱。结果 最终检索纳入2 786篇文献。2010—2022年间歇性禁食相关论文的发文量呈现逐年上升的趋势,但全球研究水平仍然不均衡。发文量最高的国家为美国(650篇),发文量最高的机构为伊利诺伊大学(49篇),发文量最高的作者为伊利诺伊大学的Krista A Varady(26篇)。研究高频关键词主要包括减重、间歇性禁食、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、代谢、热量限制、基因表达、生物节律和饮食等;研究主题聚类后重新命名得到食物摄入限制、生物节律、体质量控制、代谢相关疾病和其他疾病、相关机制研究;突现关键词包括时间限制性禁食、视交叉上核、老鼠、增长、死亡率等。结论 间歇性禁食国际研究热点集中于:与生物节律/昼夜节律的关系、改善慢性病和其他疾病的效果、敏感基因和相关机制。未来的研究应着眼于不同人群,如儿童/青少年、孕期女性、老年人和专业运动员/运动健身人群,并探索临床应用中不同模式下的间歇性禁食干预效果和安全性,最终形成个性化的间歇性禁食干预模式,并探讨其生物学机制。