The Impact of Meteorological Factors on the Short-term Cumulative Effect of Air Particulate in Tianjin

In order to reveal the rapid increase mechanism of particulate concentration in short time,a notion of short-term cumulative effect of air particulate is defined as the significant increase of pollutant concentration in a short time under the condition of breeze,stable weather and constant emission caused by human being's activities. Subsequently,an index of short-term cumulative effect is established with air diffusive equation,and then the macro-scale meteorological situation and micro-scale factors of forming the short-term cumulative effect are discussed with the observation data. The macro-scale meteorological variables contain upper-level weather situations and surface weather situations. The micro-scale factors mainly include the boundary-layer height and boundary-layer stability. The analyses show that boundary-layer factors and weather variables have a significant influence on the short-term cumulative effect. The notion of short-term cumulative effect will play an important role in interpreting the severe pollution weather.

Short-term Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality in a Heavily Polluted Chinese City

Since the London fog in 1952, numerous epidemioLogical studies have revealed that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollutants is associated with the development of diseases[1]. Up to date, the assessment of air quality on health and air quality standard establishment in developing countries were mainly relied on extrapolation based on the results from long-term cohort studies conducted in Europe and North America.

Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Mercuric Chloride on the Air-Breathing Catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis──Ⅱ.Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Gill

Alterations in the respiratory epithelium of gills of a catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis by the sublethal and lethal concentrations of HgCl2 have been observcd using scanning electron microscope. Fish exposed to 0.1 ppm shows a thin coat ot mucus, but the continuous layer of mucus is not retained in 0.3 ppm after 24 h of exposure. Epithelial cells of the gill filament are hyperplastic. Other changcs in the respiratory epithelium are contraction of epithelium, formation of interlamellar bridge and diminishing number of microridges. Massive destruction of the respiratory epithelium by deep lesions and sloughing of epithelial layer in 0.5 and 1.0 ppm solutions after 6-12 h of exposure apparently causes death to the fish. SEM observations are well in conformity with the findings made at light microscopic level

Clinical Observation on the Improved Short-Term Effects of Anti-Tumor Purified Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing for 138 Cases with Malignant Tumors

The subjects of this study were to observe the improved short-term effects of anti-tumor purified Chinese medicine injection Ai-Jing for 138 cases with malignant tumors. This was a multi-center clinical study, and a total of 138 patients included 96 males and 42 females, with the age from 60 to 76 years. Ai-Jing has obtained the Chinese invention patent since 2008 (ZL991-03528.3). A novel technique acupoint injection method was adopted. Except for lung cancer, patients with other malignant tumors were injected once every other day, 2 ml each time. A course of treatment needs 6 Ai-Jing injections, lung cancer patients need 10 - 20 Ai-Jing injections. At the same time, patients were treated with traditional medicine decoction. Due to the limited number of cases, cure rate, recovery rate and remission rate were calculated as a whole, respectively 18.12%, 44.20% and 32.15%. All the invalid patients were lung cancer, accounting for 16.67% of the patients treated with lung cancer, and the total treatment inefficiency was 6.52%. Conclusion: Chinese Medicine Injection Ai-Jing extracts the effective components of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, and has the effects of anti-cancer and tumorigenesis, anti-inflam-matory and analgesic, and repairing body damage, with small toxic and side effects and low cost.

Tumor-feeding artery diameter reduction is associated with improved short-term effect of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy plus lenvatinib treatment

BACKGROUND Recently,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)plus lenvatinib has been frequently used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(uHCC)in China.In the clinic,the hepatic arteries of some patients shrink significantly during this treatment,leading to improved short-term efficacy.AIM To investigate the relationship between the shrinkage of hepatic arteries and the short-term effect of HAIC plus lenvatinib treatment.METHODS Sixty-seven participants with uHCC were enrolled in this retrospective study.The patients received HAIC every 3 wk,followed by oral lenvatinib after the first HAIC course.Hepatic artery diameters were measured on CT before treatment and after 1 and 2 mo of treatment.Meanwhile,the changes in tumor capillaries were also examined on pathological specimens before and after 1 mo of treatment.The antitumor response after 1,3,and 6 mo of treatment was assessed using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors(mRECIST).The relationship between the changes in vessel diameters and the short-term effect of the combination treatment was evaluated by receiver-operating characteristic and logistic regression analyses.RESULTS The hepatic artery diameters were all significantly decreased after 1 and 2 mo of treatment(P<0.001),but there was no difference in the vessel diameters between 1 and 2 mo(P>0.05).The microvessel density in the tumor lesions decreased significantly after 1 mo of combination treatment(P<0.001).According to mRECIST,46,41,and 24 patients had complete or partial responses after 1,3,and 6 mo of treatment,respectively,whereas 21,21,and 32 patients had a stable or progressive disease at these times,respectively.Shrinkage of the tumor-feeding artery was significantly associated with the tumor response after 1,3,and 6 mo of treatment(P<0.001,P=0.004,and P=0.023,respectively);however,changes in other hepatic arteries were not significantly associated with the tumor response.Furthermore,shrinkage of the tumor-feeding artery was an independent factor for treatment efficacy(P=0.001,P=0.001,and P=0.002 and 1,3,and 6 mo,respectively).CONCLUSION The hepatic arteries shrank rapidly after treatment with HAIC plus lenvatinib,and shrinkage of the tumor-feeding artery diameter was closely related to improved short-term efficacy.

Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Mercuric Chloride on the Air-Breathing Catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis──Ⅰ.Light Microscopic Study of the Gill

Histopathological effects of sublethal (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 ppm) and lethal (0.5, 1.0 ppm)solutions of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) have been studied on the gills of the air breathing catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis at the intervals ranging from 6h to 15 days. Thickening of the epithelium, swelling and hyperplasia of the mucous cells, fusion of secondary lamellae, formation of interlamellar bridge and deposition of mucous over the entire surface are some noteworthy features of mercury poisoning in sublethal concentrations. Acute pathological manifestations are formation of subepithelial space, sloughing of the epithelial layer, hemorrhage and hypertrophy of the mucous cells. Causes and impact of these cellular alterations affecting survival of the fish have been discussed

A comparison of the short-term effects of fixed platform versus rotating high-fiexion prosthesis for the patients with osteoarthrities of knee

Objective To compare the preliminary clinical outcome between fixed platform and rotating high-flexion prosthesis following total knee replacement(TKR).Methods Form January 2007 to December 2009,68 patients with osteoarthritis of

Short-term effect of rehabilitation training on children with neuropathic acontractile sphincter incontinence

Objective To evaluate the short-term effect of pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation training under the guidance of doctors on children with neuropathic acontractile sphincter incontinence ( NASI) . Methods Sixty-eighty children ( aged 4 - 12 mean,7) years with NASI

Control study of short-term curative effect of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty using metal-on-metal large-diameter femoral head for the elderly patients with femoral neck fractures

Objective To discuss the postoperative curative effects of two surgical techniques of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal largediameter and conventional diameter femoral head for the elderly patients

天然朱砂与合成朱砂的催眠药效及急性毒性比较研究

目的:比较天然朱砂与合成朱砂的药效及急性毒性差异。方法:采用水合氯醛阈上催眠实验模型,以小鼠睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时长为指标,考察两种朱砂的催眠作用药效是否存在差异;以最大给药浓度和最大给药体积(48 g/kg)进行灌胃给药,观察两种朱砂的小鼠急性毒性反应;以小鼠体质量、小鼠脏器指数为指标,并观察小鼠不同脏器组织病理切片,观察两种朱砂对不同脏器毒性的影响。结果:水合氯醛催眠实验模型显示,不同剂量的天然朱砂与合成朱砂(16.67、83.33 mg/kg)均可延长水合氯醛诱导的小鼠睡眠时长,表明两种朱砂均具有催眠作用。在一次性灌胃600倍临床用药最大剂量(48 g/kg)情况下,两种朱砂均对小鼠无急性毒性作用,小鼠体质量、小鼠脏器指数与空白组比较无显著性差异,对各脏器均未产生明显毒性。结论:天然朱砂与合成朱砂均具有催眠作用,药效无显著性差异,且均无明显急性毒性作用。

夜合安神丸镇静催眠作用的实验研究

目的:观察夜合安神丸的镇静催眠作用。方法:50只小鼠,随机分为5组,空白组,阳性对照组(安神补脑液5.2 mL/kg),夜合安神丸低、中、高剂量(3.2、1.6、0.8 g/kg)组,每日灌胃给药1次,连续7 d。采用小鼠自主活动、协同戊巴比妥钠睡眠实验及协同水合氯醛睡眠实验观察对小鼠直接睡眠的影响,测定并计算戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间,阈下剂量的睡眠百分率及水合氯醛阈下剂量的睡眠百分率。结果:夜合安神丸对小鼠自主活动有明显的抑制作用,可增加小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠和水合氯醛阈下剂量睡眠百分率,缩短小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量入睡潜伏期,延长小鼠协同戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量睡眠时间。结论:夜合安神丸具有较好的镇静催眠作用。

Analysis of Characteristics of a Heavy Rainstorm Process in Nanchang City on July 7,2020

Based on the conventional observation data,dual polarization radar data and NCEP reanalysis data,the large-scale circulation background field,mesoscale conditions and formation causes of a heavy rainstorm in Nanchang on July 7,2020 were studied.It was found that this heavy rainstorm occurred under the weather background of the confrontation between the northward air flow behind the trough and the strong southwest warm and humid air flow to the northwest of the subtropical high.The divergence at the upper level,the shear in the middle and low levels,the southward movement of cold air at the low level,unusually abundant water vapor and high unstable energy caused the heavy rainstorm weather.In this process,under the influence of continuous eastward movement of several strong echo cells,an obvious"train effect"was formed in Nanchang,so that the local rainfall was continuous and intense.Moreover,the average of VIL was about 17 kg/m 2,and its variation characteristics were consistent with the variation trend of 5-min rainfall intensity,which had a certain indicator effect on short-term heavy precipitation.The topography of the Meiling Mountain in the west of Nanchang had a great influence on the formation and precipitation distribution of the heavy rain process.There was a strong rainstorm center near the mountain,and the precipitation was obviously larger than that in the plain area.

Variation in Short-term Temperature Fluctuations Across China During the Past 60 Years

Short-term temperature fluctuations(STFs),including amplitude and frequency fluctuations,are one of the main features of weather and play vital roles in determining the type of ecosystem present.Although temperature fluctuations at different time scales have been extensively discussed,the research on week-scale STFs is lacking.In this study,we developed a method,that can quantify the amplitude and frequency of STFs by the thresholds from all years.We used this method to quantify the amplitude and frequency of the 7-d STFs from 1951 to 2019 across China.Our results indicate that the amplitude of the STF was much higher in the eastern part of China than in the western part,while the frequency of the STF was higher in the middle part than in the southern and northern parts;further-more,the STF was highly dependent on internal factors such as topography.The long-term STF mainly showed a decreasing trend before 1990,which implies that temperature became increasingly stable from the 1950s to the 1990s.The main influencing factors were related to topography since the trends were relatively consistent in space.A case study in Taihu Lake showed that an unstable STF in winter and summer resulted in a smaller bloom area in the following spring and autumn.Our method could eliminate seasonal effects and is capable of analyzing STFs at scales ranging from days to years.Quantifications of the amplitude and frequency also make the STF indicators more comprehensive.Furthermore,the STF increased significantly across most of China after 1990,which implies that temperature is becoming increasingly unstable.The drivers of these STFs are related to human impacts since the trends are different in space.

复方安神精油缓解睡眠障碍的安全性及相关药理学机制探讨

目的研究复方安神精油助眠功效及其安全性。方法利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)分析复方安神精油的主要活性成分;通过腹腔注射对氯苯丙氨酸(para-chlorophenyl alanine,PCPA)建立小鼠失眠模型、协同戊巴比妥钠睡眠实验及大鼠脑电特征监测研究助眠功效及其机制;通过急性毒性实验,皮肤刺激/过敏实验,以及90 d重复给药毒性实验评价其安全性;利用微动敏感床垫式睡眠监测等技术评价临床疗效与安全性。结果检测出苍术酮(34.61%)、(+)-柠檬烯(17.80%)、芳樟醇(11.63%)、罗勒烯(11.67%)等4种主要活性成分;复方安神精油吸嗅给药7 d能有效降低失眠小鼠的自主活动,缩短睡眠潜伏期(P<0.05),增加睡眠持续时间,提高失眠小鼠脑内5-羟色胺(5-hydroxy tryptamine,5-HT)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)水平,且中剂量效果更佳;安全性评价实验未出现死亡和任何不良反应;在使用复方安神精油2 d后,10名存在入睡困难的受试者睡眠平衡指数明显升高(P<0.05),睡眠潜伏时间明显缩短(P<0.05),睡眠总时长和睡眠效率得到提升,且未发现任何不良反应。结论该研究团队开发的复方安神精油吸嗅给药安全性良好且能有效缓解睡眠障碍,这可能与4种主要活性成分共同调节5-HT、GABA等神经递质水平密切相关。

Determination of five neurotransmitters in the rat brain for the study of the hypnotic effects of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen aqueous extract on insomnia rat model by UPLC-MS/MS

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS) has been used for treatment of insomnia in China for centuries. To reveal the influence of insomnia on the levels of the neurotransmitters including serotonin(5-HT), glutamic acid(Glu),γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),noradrenaline(NE) and dopamine(DA), and to study the role of ZSS aqueous extract in the treatment of insomnia, an UPLC-ESIMS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of five neurotransmitters in the rat brain. The brain samples were pretreated by one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The analytes were detected in positive mode with multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) and the procedure was completed in less than 10 min. The method showed a good linearity(R^2 >0.9967) with the other validation parameters were within acceptance range. The results indicated that the concentration of 5-HT, GABA and DA is significantly lower(P < 0.01) in para-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia rat model group, while Glu and NE significantly higher than those in control group(P < 0.01). Treatment with ZSS aqueous extract(4 or 8 g·kg^1·d^-1 for seven days) could ameliorate the symptoms of insomnia by significantly changing the levels of the neurotransmitter parameters mentioned above. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that ZSS aqueous extract could ameliorate the symptoms of insomnia by modulating the levels of monoamines and amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain.

Sedative and Hypnotic Effects and Transcriptome Analysis of Polygala tenuifolia in Aged Insomnia Rats

Objective:To study the sedative and hypnotic effects and underlying mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia(PT)on treating aged insomnia rats.Methods:Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 6 groups by a random number table,including control group,model group,diazepam group(0.92 mg/kg),as well as PT low-,medium-and high-dose groups(0.0875,0.175,0.35 g/kg,respectively),10 rats in each group.Aged insomnia rat model was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose for 42 days and then intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine for 3 days.PT and diazepam were respectively given to aged insomnia rats by intragastric administration for 7 days after model establishment.Then the rats were investigated by body weight,Morris water maze test,pentobarbital test,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and transcriptome sequencing.Results:Compared with the model group,PT increased the body weight,improved memory ability,and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep time of aged insomnia rats(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The medium dose of PT also increased the neurotransmitter levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA),and decreased the level of Glu in the hippocampus of aged insomnia rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Twenty-four differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were overlapped among model group,medium-dose PT group,and diazepam group in transcriptome analysis.Fuom and Pcp2 were down-regulated by the treatment of medium-dose PT(P<0.01 or P<0.05).The metabolic pathways of PT were relatively less than diazepam(91 vs.104).Conclusions:The sedative and hypnotic effects of PT in aged insomnia rats might be related to neuro,metabolism pathways,especially through GABAergic signaling pathway.It provided more effective herb choice for the treatment of senile insomnia.

Initial Labor Market Conditions and Individual Employability

Initial labor market conditions affect how individuals build their human capital and look for jobs and thus can have long-term effects on their income levels,work performance,and career development.Based on data from the Urban Household Survey(UHS)of urban households in China from 1986 to 2009,we perform an empirical test of how initial labor market conditions affect the employability of individuals.Our research shows that people’s future incomes suffer if they start out in an adverse job market.Each percentage point of increase in the unemployment rate at an individual’s entry into the labor market is associated with a two-percentage-point drop in his or her average annual income.Even after looking at different parts of the job market and sample groups,this conclusion still holds.In the context of global economic instability,our findings may assist government policymakers in addressing adverse labor market conditions.

Hypnotic Effects of A Novel Anti-Insomnia Formula on Drosophila Insomnia Model

Objective： To assess the biological effects of the six-herb mixture Anti-lnsomia Formula （AIF） extract using caffeine-induced insomnia Drosophila model and short-sleep mutants. Methods： Caffeine- induced insomnia wild-type Drosophila and short-sleep mutant flies minisleep （runs） and Hyperkinetic Y（Hk Y） were used to assess the hypnotic effects of the AIF in vivo. The night time activity, the amount of night time sleep and the number of sleep bouts were determined using Drosophila activity monitoring system. Sleep was defined as any period of uninterrupted behavioral immobility （0 count per minute） lasting 〉 5 min. Night time sleep was calculated by summing up the sleep time in the dark period. Number of sleep bouts was calculated by counting the number of sleep episodes in the dark period. Results： AIF at the dosage of 50 mg/mL, effectively attenuated caffeine-induced wakefulness （P〈0.01） in wild-type Canton-S flies as indicated by the reduction of the sleep bouts, night time activities and increase of the amount of night time sleep. AIF also significantly reduced sleeping time of short-sleep Hk y mutant flies （P〈0.01）. However, AIF did not produce similar effect in mns mutants. Conclusion： AIF might be able to rescue the abnormal condition caused by mutated modulatory subunit of the tetrameric potassium channel, but not rescuing the abnormal nerve firing caused by Shaker gene mutation. This study provides the scientific evidence to support the use of AIF in Chinese medicine for promoting sleep quality in insomnia.

茉莉根醇浸膏戒毒作用的前期研究

目的 :为观察茉莉根醇浸膏对毒品依赖的戒断提供初步实验依据。方法 :用冰醋酸扭体法观察药物的镇痛作用 ;用自主活动计数法观察药物的镇静作用 ;用对戊巴比妥钠阈上、阈下剂量观察药物的催眠作用。结果 :茉莉根醇浸膏能够减少冰醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数 ,具有一定的镇痛作用 ;能够使小鼠的自主活动次数减少 ,具有一定的镇痛作用 ,对戊巴比妥钠阈上剂量催眠有协同作用 ,具有一定的催眠作用。结论 :茉莉根醇浸膏具有镇痛、催眠、镇静的作用 。

中药牡蛎对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响

目的:观察牡蛎对小鼠戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响。方法:取昆明小鼠(均为雄性),随机分组,每组12只。采用不同剂量生、煅牡蛎混悬液、生牡蛎的水提液、生牡蛎中水不溶性部分及CaCO3化学药品对戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间进行镇静催眠实验研究。结果:生牡蛎混悬液、生牡蛎的水提液、生牡蛎中水不溶性部分、CaCO3化学药品及350℃下的煅牡蛎较空白对照组的睡眠时间显著延长(P<0.01)。结论:生牡蛎有较好的镇静、催眠、安神作用,低温煅制的牡蛎亦有镇静作用。