This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal, ammonia-N, nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab, which providi...This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal, ammonia-N, nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab, which providing theory for improving the self-immunity of shrimp and crab by meliorating cultural environment. In addition, it could provide information for further study on this field.展开更多
Twelve species of crustacean from Fujian coast were examined for lectins with different animal erythrocytes. Serum extracts froma ll of 12 species showed agglutinating activity against at least two types of the erythr...Twelve species of crustacean from Fujian coast were examined for lectins with different animal erythrocytes. Serum extracts froma ll of 12 species showed agglutinating activity against at least two types of the erythrocytes used, which revealed the existence of lectins in these species. There were five species ( Penaeus japonicus , Lophosquilla costata, Charybdis feriatus, Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata ) whose serums could agglutinate all the erythrocytes tested. The lowest serum protein concentration required to produce erythrocytes agglutination varied remarkably, ranging from 0.7μ g/mL to 8 080μ g/mL. The strongest activity was shown in the agglutination of rabbit erythrocyte by serum of Penaeus vanaminas. Inhibition assays performed with seven mono- and bisaccharides showed that agglutination of quail erythrocytes by serums of three species (Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata and Sesarma sp. ) were not inhibited by any sugars, while others were inhibited by at least three types of sugars. The assay of temperature influence on agglutinating activity showed that only Penaeus japonicus retained activity when the serum was heated to 90 ℃, and other serums lost their activity at 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃ for 10 minutes, respectively.展开更多
A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photos...A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable展开更多
Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental conce...Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental concern due to its global warming potential. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the southern coastal region of Shyamnagar, Satkhira, to investigate the feasibility of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming for adaptation to the changing climate and sustaining food production system. The experimental treatments were designed on rice-based diversified farming systems such as rice sole cropping with no NPKS + no soil amendments (T1), rice sole cropping following farmers’ practice (FP) without soil amendment (T2), rice sole cropping following FP with phosphogypsum (PG) amendment (T3), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture with PG amendment (T4), Rice-Crabs mixed culture with PG amendment (T5), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina (Cyanobacteria) inoculation (T6), and Rice-Crabs mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina inoculation (T7). A closed chamber technique was followed to collect gas samples from the rice paddy field and samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. It was found that Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs mixed farming (T7) practices significantly decreased GWPs compared to the rice sole cropping system. In the dry boro season, the maximum GWPs 4175 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 30% and 36.7% under Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs (T7) mixed farming practices, respectively. Furthermore, in the wet aman season, maximum GWP 4525 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 33.0% and 38.8% under Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming, respectively. Rice grain yield was low under rice sole cropping (3500 kg/ha), which was increased by 11.0% and 14.7% under Rice-Shrimp mixed farming amended with PG and Spirulina (T6) during wet aman and dry boro seasons, respectively. The postharvest soil properties, such as soil organic matter content, redox potential value (Eh), and exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, contents in soil increased significantly with Phosphogypsum and Spirulina applications, however, decreased Na<sup>+</sup> content and electrical conductivity (EC) eventually improved rice plants’ tolerance to salinity and enhanced overall productivity of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming. Conclusively, the conversion of wetland mono rice cropping into mixed Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs farming would be a feasible strategy to sustain rice aquaculture-based farming, ensure food security and mitigate GWPs in coastal wetlands ecosystem.展开更多
取均质后的虾肉或蟹肉4g,用每升中含有1mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.1mL及甲醛-水(37+63)溶液0.1mL的提取剂40mL提取并离心。取上清液并经冷冻法和在线渗析系统除去其中蛋白质及脂肪,进入离子色谱仪测定其亚硫酸盐含量前,将提取液用超纯水稀释...取均质后的虾肉或蟹肉4g,用每升中含有1mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.1mL及甲醛-水(37+63)溶液0.1mL的提取剂40mL提取并离心。取上清液并经冷冻法和在线渗析系统除去其中蛋白质及脂肪,进入离子色谱仪测定其亚硫酸盐含量前,将提取液用超纯水稀释6倍。以Metrosep A supp 15色谱柱(150mm×4mm)为分离柱,用每升中含有0.386g Na2CO3和0.084gNaHCO3的丙酮-水(20+80)溶液作为淋洗液等度洗脱,用电导检测器测定。亚硫酸根的质量浓度在50mg·L-1以内与导电率呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.1mg.kg-1。方法用于虾肉和蟹肉样品分析,回收率在89.5%～117%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)在2.8%～13%之间。展开更多
文摘This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal, ammonia-N, nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab, which providing theory for improving the self-immunity of shrimp and crab by meliorating cultural environment. In addition, it could provide information for further study on this field.
文摘Twelve species of crustacean from Fujian coast were examined for lectins with different animal erythrocytes. Serum extracts froma ll of 12 species showed agglutinating activity against at least two types of the erythrocytes used, which revealed the existence of lectins in these species. There were five species ( Penaeus japonicus , Lophosquilla costata, Charybdis feriatus, Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata ) whose serums could agglutinate all the erythrocytes tested. The lowest serum protein concentration required to produce erythrocytes agglutination varied remarkably, ranging from 0.7μ g/mL to 8 080μ g/mL. The strongest activity was shown in the agglutination of rabbit erythrocyte by serum of Penaeus vanaminas. Inhibition assays performed with seven mono- and bisaccharides showed that agglutination of quail erythrocytes by serums of three species (Portunus pelagicus, Scylla serrata and Sesarma sp. ) were not inhibited by any sugars, while others were inhibited by at least three types of sugars. The assay of temperature influence on agglutinating activity showed that only Penaeus japonicus retained activity when the serum was heated to 90 ℃, and other serums lost their activity at 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃ for 10 minutes, respectively.
文摘A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable
文摘Coastal agriculture is vulnerable to climate change, thereby may affect food production systems and food security in Bangladesh. Methane (CH4) emission from coastal wetlands rice farming is a major environmental concern due to its global warming potential. Therefore, field experiments were conducted at the southern coastal region of Shyamnagar, Satkhira, to investigate the feasibility of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming for adaptation to the changing climate and sustaining food production system. The experimental treatments were designed on rice-based diversified farming systems such as rice sole cropping with no NPKS + no soil amendments (T1), rice sole cropping following farmers’ practice (FP) without soil amendment (T2), rice sole cropping following FP with phosphogypsum (PG) amendment (T3), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture with PG amendment (T4), Rice-Crabs mixed culture with PG amendment (T5), Rice-Shrimp mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina (Cyanobacteria) inoculation (T6), and Rice-Crabs mixed culture + PG amendment with Spirulina inoculation (T7). A closed chamber technique was followed to collect gas samples from the rice paddy field and samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatograph. It was found that Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs mixed farming (T7) practices significantly decreased GWPs compared to the rice sole cropping system. In the dry boro season, the maximum GWPs 4175 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 30% and 36.7% under Rice-Shrimp (T6) and Rice-Crabs (T7) mixed farming practices, respectively. Furthermore, in the wet aman season, maximum GWP 4525 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> was recorded from rice sole cropping (T2), which was decreased by 33.0% and 38.8% under Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming, respectively. Rice grain yield was low under rice sole cropping (3500 kg/ha), which was increased by 11.0% and 14.7% under Rice-Shrimp mixed farming amended with PG and Spirulina (T6) during wet aman and dry boro seasons, respectively. The postharvest soil properties, such as soil organic matter content, redox potential value (Eh), and exchangeable K<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup>, contents in soil increased significantly with Phosphogypsum and Spirulina applications, however, decreased Na<sup>+</sup> content and electrical conductivity (EC) eventually improved rice plants’ tolerance to salinity and enhanced overall productivity of Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs mixed farming. Conclusively, the conversion of wetland mono rice cropping into mixed Rice-Shrimp and Rice-Crabs farming would be a feasible strategy to sustain rice aquaculture-based farming, ensure food security and mitigate GWPs in coastal wetlands ecosystem.
文摘取均质后的虾肉或蟹肉4g,用每升中含有1mol.L-1氢氧化钠溶液0.1mL及甲醛-水(37+63)溶液0.1mL的提取剂40mL提取并离心。取上清液并经冷冻法和在线渗析系统除去其中蛋白质及脂肪,进入离子色谱仪测定其亚硫酸盐含量前,将提取液用超纯水稀释6倍。以Metrosep A supp 15色谱柱(150mm×4mm)为分离柱,用每升中含有0.386g Na2CO3和0.084gNaHCO3的丙酮-水(20+80)溶液作为淋洗液等度洗脱,用电导检测器测定。亚硫酸根的质量浓度在50mg·L-1以内与导电率呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)为0.1mg.kg-1。方法用于虾肉和蟹肉样品分析,回收率在89.5%～117%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=9)在2.8%～13%之间。
