Application of Hot Forming High Strength Steel Parts on Car Body in Side Impact

Lightweight structure is an important method to increase vehicle fuel efficiency. High strength steel is applied for replacing mild steel in automotive structures to decrease thickness of parts for lightweight. However, the lightweight structures must show the improved capability for structural rigidity and crash energy absorption. Advanced high strength steels are attractive materials to achieve higher strength for energy absorption and reduce weight of vehicles. Currently, many research works focus on component level axial crash testing and simulation of high strength steels. However, the effects of high strength steel parts to the impact of auto body are not considered. The goal of this research is to study the application of hot forming high strength steel（HFHSS） in order to evaluate the potential using in vehicle design for lightweight and passive safety. The performance of HFHSS is investigated by using both experimental and analytical techniques. In particular, the focus is on HFHSS which may have potential to enhance the passive safety for lightweight auto body. Automotive components made of HFHSS and general high strength steel（GHSS） are considered in this study. The material characterization of HFHSS is carried out through material experiments. The finite element method, in conjunction with the validated model is used to simulate the side impact of a car with GHSS and HFHSS parts according to China New Car Assessment Programme（C-NCAP） crash test. The deformation and acceleration characteristics of car body are analyzed and the injuries of an occupant are calculated. The results from the simulation analyses of HFHSS are compared with those of GHSS. The comparison indicates that the HFHSS parts on car body enhance the passive safety for the lightweight car body in side impact. Parts of HFHSS reduce weight of vehicle through thinner thickness offering higher strength of parts. Passive safety of lightweight car body is improved through reduction of crash deformation on car body by the application of HFHSS parts. The experiments and simulation are conducted to the HFHSS parts on auto body. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the application of HFHSS materials on automotive components for improved capability of passive safety and lightweight.

基于Dynaform的汽车左后侧围外板起皱问题的分析与解决

以某汽车左后侧围外板拉深成形为例,针对制件拉深时出现的严重起皱问题,利用Dynaform非线性有限元软件对制件拉深成形过程进行有限元分析,预测制件起皱趋势。运用UG软件对模具结构、板料尺寸以及拉深筋布置3个方面进行优化,最终制件起皱得到明显改善,最大增厚率由34.3%降至2.5%,符合增厚率<5%的生产要求。

基于Autoform的汽车左右侧围内板前段成形的数值模拟

利用Autoform软件对汽车左、右侧围内板前段进行模拟分析,在压边力、拉深筋等因素已确定的条件下,对板料成形过程中的各个工序进行数值模拟,通过对所得到的成形极限图、厚度减薄率等性能参数的分析,判定各成形工序的合理性,最终确定最优的成形工艺。

Control mechanism and technique of floor heave with reinforcing solid coal side and floor corner in gob-side coal entry retaining

Floor heave is the most common convergence in gob-side entry retaining.The paper analyzes the form,process and characteristics of gob-side entry retaining with the comprehensive methods of theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and the field trial.Research results present that bending and folding floor heave is the main factor in the stage of the first panel mining;squeezing and fluidity floor heave plays a great role in the stable stage of gob-side entry retaining;the combination of the former two factors affects mainly the stage of the second mining ahead;abutment pressure is a fundamental contribution to the serious floor heave of gob-side entry retaining,and sides corners of solid coal body are key part in the case of floor heave controlling of gob-side entry retaining.Floor heave of gob-side entry retaining can be significantly controlled by reinforcing sides and corners of solid coal body,and influence rules on the floor heave of gob side entry retaining of sides supporting strength and the bottom bolt orientation in solid coal side are obtained.Research results have been successfully applied in gob-side entry retaining of G20-F23070 face haulage roadway in #2 coal mine of Pingmei Group,and the field observation shows that the proposed technique is an effective way in controlling the floor heave of gob-side entry retaining.

Robust Broadband Beam-Forming Based on the Feature of Underwater Target Radiated Noise

To the problem of the unknown underwater target detection, according to the feature that the underwater target radiated noise contains the stable line spectrum, a weighted method based on the main-to-side lobe ratio （MSLR） is proposed for broadband beam-forming. This weighted method can be implemented by using the following steps. Firstly, optimize the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit by the second-order cone programming （SOCP）, and obtain the optimized spatial spectrum with lower side lobe. Secondly, construct weighting factors based on the MSLR of the optimized spatial spectrums to from weight factors. Lastly, cumulate the spatial spectrum of each frequency unit via the weight statistical method of this paper. This method can restrain the disturbance of background noise, enhance the output signal-to-noise ratio （SNR）, and overcome the difficulty of traditional four-dimensional display. The theoretical analysis and simulation results both verify that this method can well enhance the spatial spectrum of line spectrum units, restrain the spatial spectrum of background noise units, and improve the performance of the broadband beam-forming.

A modeling approach for fuzzy programming with echelon form membership functions

In order to solve fuzzy mathematical programming with soft constraints,the initial models must first be converted into crisp models.Membership functions are employed to describe the fuzzy right-hand side parameters needed to achieve this conversion.In some cases,echelon form membership functions(EFMFs)are required to depict the actual fuzzy situation.However,due to their discrete properties,fuzzy programming problems with such membership functions cannot be modeled by traditional methods.Motivated by these challenges,this paper introduces a novel absolute value representation modeling approach to formulate fuzzy programming using EFMFs.This approach can translate a discrete model to a continuous one which can then be easily solved.Finally,by means of a numerical example,the effectiveness of our new approach is demonstrated.

模拟稀布矩阵的相位加权低副瓣设计

低副瓣是相控阵雷达的重要指标,发射时受限于硬件条件,阵面无法进行幅度加权,对于收发通用的低副瓣设计,只能依靠稀布阵元或相位加权实现。针对上述问题,文中提出模拟稀布矩阵的相位加权低副瓣设计。首先,给出了相位加权的理论依据;之后分别给出基于遗传算法的唯相位加权和稀布矩阵的降副瓣效果;再设计一种相位加权模拟稀布阵元的理论公式和仿真结果,最终给出了稀布阵元和相位加权相结合的降副瓣结果,设备实测结果和仿真结果相近。

基于空-频域联合滤波的列车轴承轨旁声学诊断

现有的列车轴承轨旁声学诊断方法多集中在多普勒效应去除、空间滤波器优化等方面,忽视了轨旁环境中存在的大量冲击性噪声及循环平稳性噪声的影响。针对此问题,文中提出了一种波束形成和目标频带选择结合的列车轴箱轴承轨旁声学诊断方法。该方法采用传声器阵列采集列车轴承阵列声信号,通过时域插值重采样方法校正信号畸变,使用波束形成空间域滤波器提取目标轴承方向信号,利用ICS2gram选取最优解调频带并提取带通信号,对带通信号进行包络分析实现轴承诊断。实验结果表明,该方法能够在轨旁声场环境下有效避免冲击性噪声和循环平稳性噪声带来的影响,准确提取目标轴承信号并诊断出轴承故障,相较于现有方法表现出了更好的效果。

轻简式油茶侧枝夹持振动采摘装置研究

针对油茶树成林后立地条件复杂,采摘机械作业空间小,中、大型机械化采摘作业难等问题,基于油茶侧枝水平夹持振动采摘工作原理,设计一种轻简式油茶果侧枝夹持振动采摘装置。根据振动装置采摘原理与试验相结合的分析方法,建立油茶果振动力学模型,分析对油茶果采摘效果产生影响的主要因素。以树枝直径、激振机构振幅、频率为试验因素,将油茶果采净率和花苞损伤率作为试验指标,开展油茶果振动采摘试验。结果表明,激振机构振动频率对油茶果采净率、花苞损伤率影响均为最显著。当树枝直径为16 mm、激振机构振幅为40 mm、振动频率为16 Hz,对应的油茶果采净率为85.70%,花苞损伤率为4.45%,采摘效果最佳,基本符合采摘要求。

Q345B钢MAG焊与激光-MAG复合焊对比研究

对4 mm和8 mm厚的Q345B试板分别进行MAG焊和激光-MAG复合焊的工艺试验研究,分析焊缝成形,检测焊接接头宏观形貌、拉伸性能和弯曲性能。结果显示:相对于常规MAG焊,激光-MAG复合焊能够实现单面焊背面无垫板的自由成形;焊接速度显著提高,焊接作业效率提高一倍以上;焊材消耗减少,仅为MAG焊的22%~27%;焊接热输入小,焊后工件变形显著减小;焊接接头的拉伸和弯曲性能合格,满足实际工程应用要求。

双面渐进成形工艺参数优化及减薄率的预测

渐进成形的减薄率是衡量成形件质量的重要指标。文章采用Box-Behnken设计实验方案进行试验,分析了刀具直径D、层间距Δz、成形角α和板厚t对减薄率的影响,并得到试验最优的参数组合。建立了工艺参数到减薄率的BP神经网络模型,用数据训练集训练网络,计算测试集减薄率预测模型的精度。针对BP神经网络平均误差大(6.42%)的问题,用粒子群算法(PSO)优化了BP神经网络模型参数,使预测误差降低到2.24%。PSO-BP神经网络模型可以有效预测工艺参数和减薄率的关系。

超高层建筑复杂地下室外墙施工关键节点处理

随着单侧钢模工艺在地铁车站的外墙及民用建筑的地下室外墙中的应用,需要解决地铁车站中罕见复杂节点的处理难题。针对某复杂超高层项目,对楼板开洞/集水坑、无钢模支架支设空间、梁与外墙相交、楼板升板等钢模关键节点的施工方法进行了研究,提出了4种单侧钢模外墙关键节点的处理方法,相关成果为基于单侧钢模工艺的民用建筑地下室外墙施工提供了建议和指导。

压力容器21/4Cr1Mo1/4V钢深熔TIG焊接工艺

研究压力容器用21/4Cr1Mo1/4V钢深熔TIG焊接工艺,分析不同参数下焊缝的力学性能,通过工艺试验分析深熔TIG焊接中的主要影响因素,提出控制措施,获得良好的焊缝成形和综合力学性能。

侧围加油口区R角不一致问题的解决方法

从整车方面考虑,结合零件设计、工艺设计、回弹补偿等进行研究,探讨其各自的影响因素及综合影响因素。结果表明:零件夹角与圆角的大小会影响后续工艺设计及回弹情况,当零件棱线夹角小于160°时更容易出现钣金件与塑件棱线R角不一致的缺陷。

新就业形态视域下劳务端就业现状调查

新就业形态和灵活就业成为就业增收的重要渠道,国务院及地方政府相继出台相关政策,推动灵活用工行业的发展。基于认知理论,通过访谈、问卷分析等方式随机抽样调研深圳和东莞一线灵活用工劳务端的认知、就业意愿和就业现状。研究选取了年龄作为解释变量,阐释年龄影响灵活就业的态度;根据有灵活就业经历参与者的反馈分析了他们的工作满意度、就业期待和影响因素;分析了就业者对于灵活就业工作形式的优点、挑战、信息和资源渠道的了解程度等。通过对劳务端就业现状的调查,提出劳务端输出企业和个人未来发展建议,为新就业形态的良性发展提供参考依据,也为人力资源管理部门充分了解劳务端的就业期待和就业权益保障提供参考,为企业输出劳务端、个人充分释放潜能提供实证依据。

“国和一号”主蒸汽安全阀支管扩管焊接工艺研究

“国和一号”主蒸汽安全阀支管扩管是创新性解决核电站运行噪声问题的关键设备。其材质为SA-182 Gr.F11 Cl.2,采用上部锻件和下部锻件组焊而成,整体结构为两端小、中间大的圆柱形容器,焊缝不具备背面清根条件。针对支管扩管的结构特点,设计了合理的单面焊双面成形坡口形式,结合焊缝质量控制要求和焊接效率选取了氩弧焊打底+手工焊填充的焊接方案进行焊接。针对材料的特点开发了相应的焊接规范参数,其性能满足设计要求。经过技术论证,先后解决了单面焊双面成形、焊接变形控制的难题,并且通过合理的工装设置实现了支管扩管的批量化工程应用。实施后,全部批次共计14件支管扩管无损检测全部一次合格,焊缝质量满足设计要求,制造质量稳定、周期可控,攻克了支管扩管这一设备的制造难题。

软土地区桩端后注浆失效补救方法及效果验证

通过上海软土地区某项目桩端后注浆失效时补救的实践,提出了一种桩侧成孔埋设注浆管进行后注浆补救的施工方法,该方法包括如下步骤:(1)尽量贴近既有桩基于桩侧对称成两个补救孔,成孔时应采用下钢套管的方式控制垂直度;(2)埋设两根注浆管,一根伸入桩底、端部有带逆止功能的注浆器,称为“补救注浆管”,采用约1.0 m长度隔离材料对“补救注浆管”进行包裹,避免封孔时“补救注浆管”被堵塞;另一根底部位于隔离段以上,桩底以上1.0 m,用于封孔,称为“封孔注浆管”;(3)通过“封孔注浆管”进行水泥-水玻璃双液注浆封孔;(4)待封孔48 h后,水泥-水玻璃双液注浆加固体达到一定强度,通过“补救注浆管”进行注浆,考虑到注浆的有效性,建议补救注浆的注浆量按原设计注浆量的两倍考虑。桩基静载荷试验结果显示,通过桩侧成孔补救注浆后,桩基的单桩竖向抗压承载力不低于正常注浆桩基的单桩竖向抗压承载力。

乌兰木伦煤矿12煤沿空留巷底鼓机理及控制技术研究

当采矿地质条件适宜实施沿空留巷时,可取消工作面区段煤柱,一方面能够大幅度提高煤炭资源回收率,另一方面在掘进队伍紧张时可以更好地安排采掘接替活动。为此,乌兰木伦煤矿在12煤实施了柔模混凝土沿空留巷技术,为控制实施过程中出现的底鼓变形,在调研12407工作面沿空留巷底鼓破坏现象的基础上从机理层面开展了沿空留巷巷道底鼓变形的深层次分析。基于极限平衡理论和滑移场理论进行力学建模,计算得出了采动支承应力作用下沿空留巷巷道底板垂向压力值及最大底鼓压力位置,由此提出了柔模混凝土墙迎山角、临时加强支护优化和打设木点柱等相应的控制措施,控制后的巷道底板平整度良好,能够很好地满足巷道复用需求。

深部综放开采软岩巷道切顶卸压自成巷技术研究

针对鸟山井田深部综放开采软岩巷道支护难度大的难题,阐释了深部岩层非线性的应力应变特征,在综放面采用切顶卸压自成巷技术,同时采用理论分析、数值模拟和工程试验,研究了深部留巷的可行性,将留巷过程分为三个区并提出了针对性控制对策。将该技术在鸟山煤矿11031综放工作面回风巷道进行现场试验,现场监测结果表明:该巷道从掘进开始到回采结束,顶板下沉量表现出切缝侧大于巷中大于实体煤帮的规律,最大下沉量分别为155,128,81 mm,顶板离层量稳定时约119 mm,数值模拟结果表明切缝后顶板最大下沉量为175mm,有效控制了深部软岩巷道围岩变形,各项监测指标良好,验证了针对该综放面深部留巷设计的正确性。

TC4钛合金T型接头双面双弧MIG焊接特性研究

对30 mm厚TC4面板和15 mm厚TC4腹板构成的T型角焊缝采用双面双弧MIG方法进行焊接,采用高速摄影对熔滴过渡形态进行了观测,采用数值模拟方法对比了单侧焊接和双面双弧焊接的温度分布,并对双面双弧焊接的焊缝成形进行了观测,对焊接接头组织进行了分析,并对接头显微硬度和拉伸性能进行了测试。结果表明:采用双面双弧MIG焊接可以获得成形良好内部无缺陷的焊接接头。焊接熔滴过渡形式为连续的滴状过渡,过渡过程稳定均匀。双侧焊接时,两侧温度场对称分布。接头冶金结合良好,焊缝组织为粗大的柱状晶,晶粒内部为长针状α'、层片状α和块状α相。面板侧热影响区为残余初生α、层片状α和残余β相。腹板侧热影响区为针状α、层片状α和残余β相。腹板和面板侧热影响区的显微硬度均高于母材。焊接接头抗拉强度达到969 MPa以上,断裂位置位于母材。