Optimization of the S-band side-coupled cavities for proton acceleration

The proton beam with energy around 100 MeV has seen wide applications in modern scientific research and in various fields.However,proton sources in China fall short for meeting experimental needs owing to the vast size and expensive traditional proton accelerators.The Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology of Sichuan University proposed to build a 3 GHz side-coupled cavity linac(SCL)for re-accelerating a 26 MeV proton beam extracted from a CS-30 cyclotron to 120 MeV.We carried out investigations into several vital factors of S-band SCL for proton acceleration,such as optimization of SCL cavity geometry,end cell tuning,and bridge coupler design.Results demonstrated that the effective shunt impedance per unit length ranged from 22.5 to 59.8 MX/m throughout the acceleration process,and the acceleration gradient changed from 11.5 to 15.7 MV/m when the maximum surface electric field was equivalent to Kilpatrick electric field.We obtained equivalent circuit parameters of the biperiodic structures and applied them to the end cell tuning;results of the theoretical analysis agreed well with the 3D simulation.We designed and optimized a bridge coupler based on the previously obtained biperiodic structure parameters,and the field distribution un-uniformness was\1.5%for a two-tank module.The radio frequency power distribution system of the linac was obtained based on the preliminary beam dynamics design.

A photonic crystal side-coupled waveguide based on a high-quality-factor resonator array

Based on the present coupled mode theory of the photonic crystal resonator array in this paper, we propose a novel side-coupled waveguide to achieve highly efficient coupling of photonic crystal devices. It is found that the coupling efficiency is sensitive to the interval, the total number and the quality factor of the resonator. Considering the coupling efficiency and the coupling region, we select five resonators with an interval of six lattice periods. By optimizing the structure parameters of the waveguide and resonator, the quality factors of the resonator can be modulated and the coupling efficiency of the side-coupled waveguide reaches 95.47% in theory. Compared with other coupling methods, the side-coupled waveguide can realize efficient coupling with a compact structure, a high level of integration and a low degree of operational difficulties.

Design and calculation of a side-coupled accelerating structure

In this paper, we present the design and optimization of a side-coupled accelerating structure with an energy switch. The beam parameters are optimized, and the electric field asymmetry in the first cell is analyzed. The new structure we designed has an improvement of 10 times in the accelerating field symmetry. Thermo-mechanical analysis is performed based on the electromagnetic results. The highest temperature is 72.5 ℃ at the nose cone, and the maximal deformation is 73 μm at the outer edge of the coupling cavity.

Static and dynamic mode evolution in high-power distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped fiber amplifiers

We present a theoretical study of mode evolution in high-power distributed side-coupled cladding-pumped(DSCCP)fiber amplifiers.A semi-analytical model taking the side-pumping schemes,transverse mode competition,and stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering into consideration has been built,which can model the static and dynamic mode evolution in high-power DSCCP fiber amplifiers.The mode evolution behavior has been investigated with variation of the fiber amplifier parameters,such as the pump power distribution,the length of the DSCCP fiber,the averaged coupling coefficient,the number of the pump cores and the arrangement of the pump cores.Interestingly,it revealed that static mode evolution induced by transverse mode competition is different from the dynamic evolution induced by stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering.This shows that the high-order mode experiences a slightly higher gain in DSCCP fiber amplifiers,but the mode instability thresholds for DSCCP fiber amplifiers are higher than those for their end-coupled counterparts.By increasing the pump core number and reducing the averaged coupling coefficient,the mode instability threshold can be increased,which indicates that DSCCP fibers can provide additional mitigation strategies of dynamic mode instability.

Design and optimization of a 2 MeV X-band side-coupled accelerating structure

Purpose As the development of smaller accelerators technique,an X-band bi-period side-coupled accelerating structure has been designed for medical use.Methods The structure’s working frequency is 9.3 GHz.π/2 mode is chosen for the structure’s stability.There are 11 accelerating cells and 10 coupling cells,the first 5 of the accelerating cells work as non-light velocity part(βof the electron from 0.17 to 0.94),while the other 6 work as light velocity part.After CST simulation,the coupling constant between accelerating cells and coupling cells is 5%,and effi-cient shunt impedance is 142 MΩ/m.To feed power into the structure,a coupler is designed in the middle of the structure and the coupling coefficient is 1.4.Results After optimization,the particle’s capture efficiency is more than 30%,the particle energy is 2 MeV and the peak current is 60 mA,with the magnetron’s input power being 0.32 MW.Conclusion X-band side-coupled accelerator efficiency is high and is a more optimized design.This design is very meaningful for the development of smaller accelerators technique.