Application of Choquet Integral-Importance-Performance Analysis and TOPSIS Methods in Approaching the Preference Factors of Calligraphy and Seal Engraving Imagery

Classical Chinese characters,presented through calligraphy,seal engraving,or painting,can exhibit different aesthetics and essences of Chinese characters,making them the most important asset of the Chinese people.Calligraphy and seal engraving,as two closely related systems in traditional Chinese art,have developed through the ages.Due to changes in lifestyle and advancements in modern technology,their original functions of daily writing and verification have gradually diminished.Instead,they have increasingly played a significant role in commercial art.This study utilizes the Evaluation Grid Method(EGM)and the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to research the key preference factors in the application of calligraphy and seal engraving imagery.Different from the traditional 5-point equal interval semantic questionnaire,this study employs a non-equal interval semantic questionnaire with a golden ratio scale,distinguishing the importance ratio of adjacent semantic meanings and highlighting the weighted emphasis on visual aesthetics.Additionally,the study uses Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)to obtain the key preference sequence of calligraphy and seal engraving culture.Plus,the Choquet integral comprehensive evaluation is used as a reference for IPA comparison.It is hoped that this study can provide cultural imagery references and research methods,injecting further creativity into industrial design.

Improvements to the fuzzy mathematics comprehensive quantitative method for evaluating fault sealing

Fuzzy mathematics is an important means to quantitatively evaluate the properties of fault sealing in petroleum reservoirs.To accurately study fault sealing,the comprehensive quantitative evaluation method of fuzzy mathematics is improved based on a previous study.First,the single-factor membership degree is determined using the dynamic clustering method,then a single-factor evaluation matrix is constructed using a continuous grading function,and finally,the probability distribution of the evaluation grade in a fuzzy evaluation matrix is analyzed.In this study,taking the F1 fault located in the northeastern Chepaizi Bulge as an example,the sealing properties of faults in different strata are quantitatively evaluated using both an improved and an un-improved comprehensive fuzzy mathematics quantitative evaluation method.Based on current oil and gas distribution,it is found that our evaluation results before and after improvement are significantly different.For faults in＂best＂and＂poorest＂intervals,our evaluation results are consistent with oil and gas distribution.However,for the faults in＂good＂or＂poor＂intervals,our evaluation is not completelyconsistent with oil and gas distribution.The improved evaluation results reflect the overall and local sealing properties of target zones and embody the nonuniformity of fault sealing,indicating the improved method is more suitable for evaluating fault sealing under complicated conditions.

Comment on hydration with Cefuroxime-a method for sealing a small leaking corneal perforation

Dear Editor,In a recent interventional case report,Allon et al ）hydrated corneal stroma with cefuroxime to seal a small traumatic leaky corneal perforation that was unresponsive to prior soft bandage contact lens application for 6d.

3D TRANSIENT COUPLED THERMOELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT SEALING ANALYSIS OF REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL

Sealing analysis of sealing system in reactor pressure vessels is relevant with multiple nonlinear coupled-field effects, so even large-scale commercial finite element software cannot finish the complicated analysis. A finite element method of 3D transient coupled thermo-elastic-plastic contact sealing analysis for reactor pressure vessels is presented, in which the surface nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, transient heat transfer nonlinearity and multiple coupled effect are taken into account and the sealing equation is coupling solved in iterative procedure. At the same time, a computational analysis program is developed, which is applied in the sealing analysis of experimental reactor pressure vessel, and the numerical results are in good coincidence with the experimental resuits. This program is also successful in analyzing the practical problem in engineering.

Analysis and optimization of nitrile butadiene rubber sealing mechanism of ball valve

An approach for analyzing and optimizing sealing mechanism of ball valve made of nitrile butadiene rubber(NBR) with finite element method was presented. The Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic material model was chosen to characterize NBR sealing, as it has been recommended in the similar applications. That is, NBR sealing was modeled as incompressible hyperelasticity, as well as the assumption of isotropic flow. The results illustrate the structural pressure and contact pressure on the contact surface, which shows that the NBR sealing mechanism is very suitable for sealing after dimension optimization.

Method of analyzing vibration characteristics of armature system of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay

Published research is minimal on vibration characteristics of hermetically sealed electromagnetic relay (EMR) ex- posed to mechanical environment. The vibration characteristics of armature system, link contact system with electromagnetic system will cause EMR malfunction. The nonlinear dynamics model of armature systems was studied by considering electro- magnetic attraction force and opposite mechanical force in this paper. Angular displacements of armature under different sinu- soidal vibration conditions are solved in order to obtain the failure mode result from armature system. Vibration tests showed the presented analyzing method is suitable for EMR. The conclusions are instructive for increasing vibration resistance of armature systems of EMR, and are significant for reliability design of switch apparatus.

油罐车自主加注臂密封圈响应面优化及分析

为了提高油罐车自主加注臂前端快接装置的密封性能,设计了一种内胀式橡胶密封圈,并结合响应面法和有限元法对密封圈进行了优化和分析。首先,基于有限元软件ANSYS Workbench对密封圈进行建模和仿真,研究了密封圈的倒圆半径、厚度和压缩量对密封圈性能的影响;然后,将密封圈与管壁的接触面积、接触压力和所受等效应力作为优化目标,利用Design⁃Expert软件建立了密封结构的优化模型,并通过多目标优化获得最优设计方案;最后,进行了密封圈优化前后的性能对比和分析。数值测试表明,在最大3 MPa介质压力下,优化后密封圈的接触压力提升了1.3 MPa,有效接触面积更大,且接触带更加集中,有利于实现快接装置和油罐车加注口的有效密封,同时等效应力降低了4.3%,有助于延长密封圈的使用寿命。

基于真三轴试验装置的岩石渗流密封方式改进及实验研究

国内现有的非常规油气储层的渗透性测试大多采用圆柱试样,通过假三轴试验装置进行测试,而真三轴条件下立方体试件棱边大多存在棱边串流与端面密封不严的缺陷。基于现有真三轴试验装置,以及大量的实验经验,针对现有的立方体试件单橡胶套渗流密封方式进行改进。介绍了嵌套式“上下密封套”结构特征,特别对棱边区的密封进行了设计,提出了密封套顶-底端面凹陷型内嵌“单孔网槽导流板”结构设计,并对顶部传压板的尺寸进行了讨论。对100 mm×100 mm×100 mm立方体煤样进行了真三轴渗流试验分析,得到了不同入口渗透压力真三轴围压条件下的渗透率。该密封方法的改进有助于提高科研单位及测试中心对原位地应力条件下非常规油气储层渗透性测试精度,并提高高端科研人才的实践创新能力与科研素养。

铀矿实物地质资料保护技术探究——以铀矿岩心保护为例

岩心是铀矿资源勘查和开发中重要的数据来源,其对于研究矿床成因、预测矿床分布、评价矿产资源量和开采等具有重要意义。文章深入探究了岩心的保护技术,分析了目前常见的保护方法——石蜡封护法、树脂浇筑法以及真空包覆法的优缺点及对铀矿岩心的适用性。研究结果表明,石蜡封护法、树脂浇筑法和真空包覆法均可用于铀矿岩心保护,应根据实际需要选择最适合的方法,真空包覆法在铀矿实物地质资料保护中的实用性更强,应加强这一方法的应用研究。

LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭对铝合金阳极氧化膜耐蚀性的影响

目的开发一种新型LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭工艺,以获得高耐蚀性的封闭阳极氧化膜层。方法用LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭法对阳极氧化铝合金进行表面处理,采用场发射扫描电镜、原子力显微镜对封闭前后的氧化膜进行微观形貌表征,通过接触角测试评价阳极氧化膜层表面的润湿性能,通过浸泡实验、电化学阻抗谱对阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性进行研究,并与传统沸水封闭工艺进行比较。结果经LDH预处理后,膜层表面被一层致密的LDH覆盖,多孔结构和孔洞缺陷均消失。涂覆溶胶凝胶后,膜层表面均匀平整,无明显缺陷。与沸水封闭相比,LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭的氧化膜具有更平整均匀的表面和更低的粗糙度,接触角为92.3°,具有疏水性。在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中浸泡15 d后,膜层的低频阻抗值仍可达到6.79×10^(6)Ω·cm^(2),与传统沸水封闭法相比,高出2个数量级。膜层具有良好的长期耐蚀性,其主要机理为LDH的铝合金氧化膜空隙和表面生长出双片层状的LiAl-LDH,表面膜层更致密,片层结构在一定程度上阻挡了腐蚀溶液的入侵,同时使膜层表面存在更多的-OH基团,在溶胶凝胶封闭时提供了更多的反应位点,促进了溶胶凝胶涂层与基体之间的结合,有效阻挡了外界溶液对基体的入侵,因此延缓了腐蚀。结论LDH预处理溶胶凝胶封闭工艺提高了铝合金阳极氧化膜的致密性和表面疏水性以及膜层的耐蚀性能。

密封电子元器件与装置多余物检测发展综述

密封电子元器件与装置作为航天系统中的重要组成部分,具有高精密性、高可靠性以及高复杂性的典型特点,而多余物问题是严重影响其高可靠性的主要因素之一。随着航天技术的快速发展,多余物检测技术也在不断改进与深入。该文以认识多余物、控制多余物产生以及检测多余物为主线,围绕多余物的防控方法、检测方法、检测标准进行综合论述。着重分析了检测方法中的颗粒碰撞噪声检测(PIND)方法,分别从小型元器件多余物检测、中大型装置多余物检测两个角度,针对现有研究进展逐一进行了详细的介绍。在此基础上,结合现有国内多余物检测研究的现状,针对多余物检测的难点与未来发展趋势进行归纳,并提出了期望与目标。

基于似然函数筛选法的旋转轴唇形密封可靠性关键设计因素研究

基于油封的有限元和数值计算模型,分析油封的设计参数对其静态和动态密封可靠性的影响规律。将油封的初始安装过盈量、油侧唇角、空气侧唇角、腰厚、腰长、理论接触宽度、卡紧弹簧的弹性模量、油封主体橡胶的硬度8个设计参数的标准化数据作为输入向量,将油封唇口最大接触压力、泵吸率和摩擦扭矩的标准化数据作为输出向量,建立响应面模型,以输出向量方差得到各设计因素的似然函数值作为评判指标,确定各设计参数对油封密封可靠性的影响程度。结果表明:橡胶硬度、理论接触宽度、弹簧弹性模量、过盈量、腰长对油封动态密封可靠性的影响较显著,油封唇口最大接触压力对弹簧弹性模量、理论接触宽度、橡胶硬度、腰厚、油侧唇角较敏感。综合考虑旋转轴唇形油封的静态和动态可靠性,得到影响其可靠性的关键设计因素为理论接触宽度、弹簧弹性模量和橡胶硬度。

基于热流固耦合的液膜密封动态追随性分析

为研究热流固耦合下液膜密封动态追随特性,基于小扰动法及热动力润滑理论,考虑非补偿环轴向振动、角向偏摆,建立补偿环三自由度运动方程,对比并分析纯流场和热流固耦合模型下力学元件参数、操作工况参数、结构参数对动态追随性的影响。结果表明:在热流固耦合模型下求解的液膜密封扰动量略小于纯流场模型下求解的扰动量;增加激励振幅,弹簧刚度和O型圈阻尼均会导致扰动增大,动态追随性变差;减小转速、增加介质压力会导致动态特性系数增加,有利于提高动态追随性;减少槽数会提高动态追随性,且在槽数给定时,槽深17μm,槽坝比0.8,螺旋角22°的结构参数设定会得到更好的动态追随性。

气体封隔器密封单元的增强方法与安全分析

气体封隔器胶筒是实现气井分层分段开采的关键部件。常规三胶筒结构在坐封时易发生初始破坏,导致胶筒整体应力水平降低,密封安全性储备不足。为此,提出一种多材料组合式密封单元的增强方法,用于HPHT105-232-V0型含硫化氢高温高压气体封隔器密封单元的设计;基于拉伸试验和Yeoh理论获得橡胶的本构模型参数;在温度204℃、坐封力200 kN和环空压力70 MPa下,分析了胶筒的应力和变形规律;试验测试了增强单元的密封安全性。分析结果表明:HPHT105-232-V0型封隔器密封单元胶筒的最大变形量为94.785 mm,最大接触应力为240 MPa,位于金属护环与套管接触区域。根据API标准,对HPHT105-232-V0型封隔器实物进行测试试验,坐封时胶筒未发生初始破坏,密封单元的整体应力水平提高;稳压过程胶筒压降幅度小于1%;整个试验测试过程中,密封单元无气泡溢出,封隔器卸载后胶筒结构无明显的塑性变形。研究结果表明,采用该增强方法所设计的多材料组合式密封单元具有良好的密封性能,满足极端环境下的密封安全性要求。

基于有限单元法密封结构影响因素建模分析

密封圈结构对高压试验装置的密封性、承压性具有直接影响。依据高压试验装置的结构特点,对O型密封结构进行结构参数分析,基于Mooney-Rivlin模型对特性进行分析;利用MARC有限元分析的方法对O型圈进行密封分析,分析不同密封间隙和槽深的尺寸下,接触压应力和Von Mises应力的大小,基于分析结果,优选密封间隙和槽深参数。结果可知:密封间隙为(0.04~0.14)mm间,压缩率为(10~20)%间,能够满足设计承载条件下的密封要求;通过对影响因素分析发现,密封间隙与Von Mises应力正相关,与接触应力负相关;压缩率提升,Von Mises应力先增后降,最大接触应力先降后增;80MPa压力下,较小密封间隙、压缩率对密封结构承载是有利的;通过分析设计密封圈影响趋势,发现参数的最优解为间隙0.043mm,槽深5.357mm,压缩率为10%。分析方法和研究结果可为超高压压力容器O型密封结构设计提供参考依据。

内部气氛含量分析环境下本底材料放气率研究

气密封装器件的内部气氛含量分析中,设备本底材料放气率是影响分析准确性的重要因素。采用静态升压法,对5种真空设备主要材料在3种典型温度和抽气时间下的放气率进行了深入研究。研究表明,相同条件下304不锈钢、430不锈钢和钛材料的放气率均低于碳素钢和高纯铝,且同种材料在高温环境下的放气率随测试时间增加而增大。最后,基于材料成型等因素,建议选用304不锈钢和430不锈钢作为内部气氛含量分析的腔体环境使用材料,并给出了有效降低本底放气率的措施。

基于材料与几何结构的滚动轴承密封性能分析

利用有限元法模拟分析深沟球轴承橡胶防尘盖的密封性能,通过模拟分析得到橡胶材料与密封唇过盈量对防尘盖密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:接触压力充足、摩擦力矩小的氢化丁腈橡胶材料更符合密封要求;过盈量在0.05 mm~0.07 mm之间接触压力分布合理,产生的摩擦力矩较小,密封性能最佳,而密封唇的过盈量大于0.07 mm时接触压力开始偏移。

基于能量法的篦齿封严环气弹稳定性数值研究

针对航空发动机篦齿封严环气弹稳定性问题,采用基于三维插值及非定常动网格技术的能量法,建立了篦齿封严环气弹稳定性数值求解模型。在验证数值方法准确性的基础上,研究了供气压力、转速和进气畸变对篦齿封严环气弹稳定性的影响,分析了篦齿封严环气动力、气动功分布特性,揭示了进气畸变对篦齿封严环气弹稳定性的影响机理。研究表明:在本文研究中,外篦齿封严环相对于内篦齿封严环更易发生气弹失稳;随供气压力增加,外篦齿封严环气弹稳定性呈现降低趋势,当供气压力为0.55 MPa和0.7 MPa时,外篦齿封严环存在气弹失稳的风险;转速2000 r/min和4000 r/min相对于6000 r/min具有更大的气弹失稳风险。相比于360°圆周进气,90°圆周进气的外篦齿封严环气动力存在相互抵消的耦合作用,所以90°圆周进气的外篦齿封严环具有较高的气弹稳定性。篦齿封严环在发生气弹失稳时,齿腔底部做功占总气动功百分比会显著增加,故在进行结构优化时,可改变齿腔底部的结构参数以对篦齿封严环气弹稳定性进行改善。

基于响应曲面法的轴承密封圈增效设计

为解决轴承密封圈漏脂失效问题,文中建立了密封圈的热-结构耦合有限元模型,分析了高速脂润滑深沟球轴承密封圈的油侧唇角、油侧唇厚、油侧唇圆角半径和过盈量对密封圈密封性能的影响。通过拉丁超立方采样法采样,结合最小二乘法构建系统最大接触压力和最大等效应力的响应曲面,采用多目标遗传算法对密封圈进行增效设计,并加以试验验证。结果表明:在研究的参数范围内,密封圈最大接触压力随油侧唇角的增大先增大后减小,当油侧唇角取值在55°附近时取得最大值,随着油侧唇厚、过盈量的增大而增大,随着油侧唇圆角半径的增大而减小。优化后,密封圈最大接触压力的仿真结果偏离目标+3.98%,满足设计要求;密封圈增效设计后未发生明显漏脂。研究结果为轴承密封圈的增效设计提供了技术支持。

基于有限元和响应面法的U形弹簧结构参数分析

液压作动器内部密封件的蓄能性能是衡量其可靠性的关键,而U形弹簧作为蓄能密封圈的弹性元件,其压缩刚度和弹性压缩极限是决定其蓄能性能的主要因素。建立基于材料参数的U形弹簧弹塑性有限元模型,计算U形弹簧的压缩刚度、弹性压缩极限和线性压缩临界值,分析典型结构参数对蓄能特性的影响;基于响应面法构建多因素数学模型,比较各结构参数对弹簧压缩刚度和弹性压缩极限的影响程度;通过多次弹簧压缩试验验证了计算模型的准确性。结果表明:弹簧厚度、截面总长、开槽宽度、周期宽度和根部圆弧半径为压缩刚度的主要影响因素,其影响依次减小;弹簧厚度、截面总长和根部弧半径为弹性压缩极限的主要影响因素,其影响依次减小。重复压缩试验证明,弹簧屈服产生的塑性变形会随着压缩次数累加,导致弹簧开口宽度减小,导致密封圈动态密封性能降低;当蓄能密封圈用于动密封时其压缩量不宜超过弹性压缩极限。