A stereoselective and economic synthesis of the carbapenem sidechain (2S, 4S)-4-ace-tylsulphanyl-2-[(S)1-phenylethyl-carbamoyl] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzylester was developed. Due to the effect of spat...A stereoselective and economic synthesis of the carbapenem sidechain (2S, 4S)-4-ace-tylsulphanyl-2-[(S)1-phenylethyl-carbamoyl] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzylester was developed. Due to the effect of spatial hindrance, only the (2S,4S) diastereomer 3 wasobtained by coupling 1 and the inexpensive racemic 2 catalyzed by EEDQ.展开更多
Aluminium is widely used as an antimicrobial coagulant,food additive,and cookware.However,many reports indicate that aluminium may be a critical factor in many amyloid diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkin...Aluminium is widely used as an antimicrobial coagulant,food additive,and cookware.However,many reports indicate that aluminium may be a critical factor in many amyloid diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Unfortunately,the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood,which limits efforts to prevent and treat these diseases.In this paper,using an ab initio method,we studied the interaction of Al-backbone ring structure with theπ-electron-rich sidechains of His,Phe,Trp,and Tyr.We found that in the absence of water,the Al-backbone ring can stably bind with those sidechains.In the presence of water,the Al-backbone ring can bind to the His sidechain and cannot bind to the other sidechains.As revealed by further investigations,this could be attributed to the fact that there was a coordinate bond of the Al-backbone ring with the His sidechain,while there were theπ-πstacking and cation-π-like interactions with the other sidechains.These findings potentially provide a molecular understanding of Al-related toxicity,and may be helpful in designing drugs for those aforementioned aluminum-linked diseases and encourage treatment of Al-polluted water.展开更多
The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockc...The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockchain network and is increasingly applied to multiple critical areas such as finance and the internet of things(IoT).Blockchain can be divided into three main categories of blockchain networks:public blockchains,private blockchains,and consortium blockchains.However,there are differences in block structures,consensus mechanisms,and complex working mechanisms among heterogeneous blockchains.The fragility of the cross-chain system itself makes the cross-chain system face some potential security and privacy threats.This paper discusses security defects on the cross-chain implementation mechanism,and discusses the impact of the structural features of blockchain networks on cross-chain security.In terms of cross-chain intercommunication,a cross-chain attack can be divided into a multi-chain combination attack,native chain attack,and inter-chain attack diffusion.Then various security threats and attack paths faced by the cross-chain system are analyzed.At last,the corresponding security defense methods of cross-chain security threats and future research directions for cross-chain applications are put forward.展开更多
Due to an increase in agricultural mislabeling and careless handling of non-perishable foods in recent years,consumers have been calling for the food sector to be more transparent.Due to information dispersion between...Due to an increase in agricultural mislabeling and careless handling of non-perishable foods in recent years,consumers have been calling for the food sector to be more transparent.Due to information dispersion between divisions and the propensity to record inaccurate data,current traceability solutions typically fail to provide reliable farm-to-fork histories of products.The threemost enticing characteristics of blockchain technology are openness,integrity,and traceability,which make it a potentially crucial tool for guaranteeing the integrity and correctness of data.In this paper,we suggest a permissioned blockchain system run by organizations,such as regulatory bodies,to promote the origin-tracking of shelf-stable agricultural products.We propose a four-tiered architecture,parallel side chains,Zero-Knowledge Proofs(ZKPs),and Interplanetary File Systems(IPFS).These ensure that information about where an item came from is shared,those commercial competitors cannot get to it,those big storage problems are handled,and the system can be scaled to handle many transactions at once.The solution maintains the confidentiality of all transaction flows when provenance data is queried utilizing smart contracts and a consumer-grade reliance rate.Extensive simulation testing using Ethereum Rinkeby and Polygon demonstrates reduced execution time,latency,and throughput overheads.展开更多
利用偶发分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium fortuitum)CICC 10279发酵断甾醇侧链进行定向菌株筛选;对选出的具有较高甾醇降解活性的菌株,借助TLC法开展多批次生物降解实验过程研究;并重点对积累9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9α-OH-AD)化合物的菌株稳定性及...利用偶发分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium fortuitum)CICC 10279发酵断甾醇侧链进行定向菌株筛选;对选出的具有较高甾醇降解活性的菌株,借助TLC法开展多批次生物降解实验过程研究;并重点对积累9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9α-OH-AD)化合物的菌株稳定性及转化过程进行考察;在此基础上利用选出的22号菌株分别进行底物为胆固醇和植物甾醇的半微量制备实验.结果显示,分离的样品具有高纯度,HPLC分析为95.7%;TLC、HPLC、MS、1H N M R、13C N M R、i.r.等光谱数据分析结构确证其为9α-OH-A D;半微量制备实验以胆固醇或植物甾醇为底物,9α-OH-A D重量收得率分别可达34.0%和30.8%.本研究可能为高效含卤(氟,氯)皮质激素药物工业生产提供了一种很有用处的中间体.展开更多
文摘A stereoselective and economic synthesis of the carbapenem sidechain (2S, 4S)-4-ace-tylsulphanyl-2-[(S)1-phenylethyl-carbamoyl] pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-nitrobenzylester was developed. Due to the effect of spatial hindrance, only the (2S,4S) diastereomer 3 wasobtained by coupling 1 and the inexpensive racemic 2 catalyzed by EEDQ.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11174310 and 11290164)the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJZD-EW-M03)
文摘Aluminium is widely used as an antimicrobial coagulant,food additive,and cookware.However,many reports indicate that aluminium may be a critical factor in many amyloid diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.Unfortunately,the underlying mechanism is still poorly understood,which limits efforts to prevent and treat these diseases.In this paper,using an ab initio method,we studied the interaction of Al-backbone ring structure with theπ-electron-rich sidechains of His,Phe,Trp,and Tyr.We found that in the absence of water,the Al-backbone ring can stably bind with those sidechains.In the presence of water,the Al-backbone ring can bind to the His sidechain and cannot bind to the other sidechains.As revealed by further investigations,this could be attributed to the fact that there was a coordinate bond of the Al-backbone ring with the His sidechain,while there were theπ-πstacking and cation-π-like interactions with the other sidechains.These findings potentially provide a molecular understanding of Al-related toxicity,and may be helpful in designing drugs for those aforementioned aluminum-linked diseases and encourage treatment of Al-polluted water.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4212008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272031)+2 种基金the Open Foundation of Information Security Evaluation Center of Civil Aviation,Civil Aviation University of China(ISECCA-202101)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS201915)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20463,U22B2027)。
文摘The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockchain network and is increasingly applied to multiple critical areas such as finance and the internet of things(IoT).Blockchain can be divided into three main categories of blockchain networks:public blockchains,private blockchains,and consortium blockchains.However,there are differences in block structures,consensus mechanisms,and complex working mechanisms among heterogeneous blockchains.The fragility of the cross-chain system itself makes the cross-chain system face some potential security and privacy threats.This paper discusses security defects on the cross-chain implementation mechanism,and discusses the impact of the structural features of blockchain networks on cross-chain security.In terms of cross-chain intercommunication,a cross-chain attack can be divided into a multi-chain combination attack,native chain attack,and inter-chain attack diffusion.Then various security threats and attack paths faced by the cross-chain system are analyzed.At last,the corresponding security defense methods of cross-chain security threats and future research directions for cross-chain applications are put forward.
文摘Due to an increase in agricultural mislabeling and careless handling of non-perishable foods in recent years,consumers have been calling for the food sector to be more transparent.Due to information dispersion between divisions and the propensity to record inaccurate data,current traceability solutions typically fail to provide reliable farm-to-fork histories of products.The threemost enticing characteristics of blockchain technology are openness,integrity,and traceability,which make it a potentially crucial tool for guaranteeing the integrity and correctness of data.In this paper,we suggest a permissioned blockchain system run by organizations,such as regulatory bodies,to promote the origin-tracking of shelf-stable agricultural products.We propose a four-tiered architecture,parallel side chains,Zero-Knowledge Proofs(ZKPs),and Interplanetary File Systems(IPFS).These ensure that information about where an item came from is shared,those commercial competitors cannot get to it,those big storage problems are handled,and the system can be scaled to handle many transactions at once.The solution maintains the confidentiality of all transaction flows when provenance data is queried utilizing smart contracts and a consumer-grade reliance rate.Extensive simulation testing using Ethereum Rinkeby and Polygon demonstrates reduced execution time,latency,and throughput overheads.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(20875098,21075132)National Major Basic Research Program of China(2009CB918603)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2009IM030700)
文摘利用偶发分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium fortuitum)CICC 10279发酵断甾醇侧链进行定向菌株筛选;对选出的具有较高甾醇降解活性的菌株,借助TLC法开展多批次生物降解实验过程研究;并重点对积累9α-羟基雄烯二酮(9α-OH-AD)化合物的菌株稳定性及转化过程进行考察;在此基础上利用选出的22号菌株分别进行底物为胆固醇和植物甾醇的半微量制备实验.结果显示,分离的样品具有高纯度,HPLC分析为95.7%;TLC、HPLC、MS、1H N M R、13C N M R、i.r.等光谱数据分析结构确证其为9α-OH-A D;半微量制备实验以胆固醇或植物甾醇为底物,9α-OH-A D重量收得率分别可达34.0%和30.8%.本研究可能为高效含卤(氟,氯)皮质激素药物工业生产提供了一种很有用处的中间体.
