Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy.The overarching aim of the work was to vali...Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy.The overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.Methods:Fourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the study.Sublingual sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious humans.Clips underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 software.The total vessel density(TVD),perfused vessel density(PVD),proportion of perfused vessels(PPVs)and microvascular flow index(MFI)were quantified.An independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory parameters.Results and Conclusions:Conscious humans had a significantly lower TVD,PVD and MFI than anesthetized pigs.No significant difference in PPVs was observed between the species.Perfusion of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and viability.Whilst it may not be surprising that some inter species differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects,it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in PPVs.This direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across species.We therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis,for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.展开更多
Separate treatment of high-nutrient sidestream is an efficient and cost effective way to decrease the loading on the main plant, resulting in lower effluent nutrient concentration. This study investigated the use of a...Separate treatment of high-nutrient sidestream is an efficient and cost effective way to decrease the loading on the main plant, resulting in lower effluent nutrient concentration. This study investigated the use of a combined forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) system for the removal of nitrogen present in high concentration in sidestream from anaerobic digestion process. The combined system was able to achieve almost 100% rejection of solids and acetic acid, and more than 98% rejection of NH3-N from the sidestream. The high rejection of NH3-N was mainly achieved by the FO process. The solids in the feed solution contributed to fouling problem in both FO and MD, resulting in significant decline in flux. However, 76% or higher flux recovery was achieved for FO membrane by cleaning with tap water. We observed that flux recovery was due to removal of solids from the membrane surface by the cleaning process. FO membrane also demonstrated excellent performance for continuous operation when cleaned for 15 min in every 24 h interval. Overall, the combined FO-MD system was found to be an effective solution for treatment of nutrient rich sidestream.展开更多
Objective： Hemodilution changes the physical properties of blood by reducing its hematocrit and blood viscosity. We tested whether prolonged hypervolemic hemodilution （HHD） impairs functional capillary density （FC...Objective： Hemodilution changes the physical properties of blood by reducing its hematocrit and blood viscosity. We tested whether prolonged hypervolemic hemodilution （HHD） impairs functional capillary density （FCD） of ileal mucosa in healthy mechanically-ventilated pigs and if there is any correlation between changes in FCD of ileal and sublingual mucosas during HHD. Methods： Sixteen domestic female pigs were anesthetized, mechanically-ventilated, and randomly assigned to the HHD （20 ml/（kg.h） Hartmann＇s solution for 3 h） or fluid restrictive （5 ml/（kg-h） Hartmann＇s solution for 3 h） group. Microcirculations of sublingual and ileal mucosas via ileostomy were visualized using sidestream dark-field （SDF） imaging at baseline conditions （t=0 h） and at selected time intervals of fluid therapy （t=-l, 2, and 3 h）. Results： A significant decrease of ileal FCD （285 （278-292） cm/cm^2） in the HHD group was observed after the third hour of HHD when compared to the baseline （360 （350-370） cm/cm2） （P〈0.01）. This trend was not observed in the restrictive group, where the ileal mucosa FCD was significantly higher after the third hour of fluid therapy as compared to the HHD group （P〈0.01）. No correlation between microhemodynamic parameters obtained from sublingual and ileal mucosas was found throughout the study. Conclusions： Prolonged HHD established by crystalloid solution significantly decreased ileal villus FCD when compared to restrictive fluid regimen. An inappropriate degree of HHD can be harmful during uncomplicated abdominal surgery.展开更多
Objective:To explore the value of tongue color combined with sublingual microcirculation in predicting the severity of mild to moderate acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods:From January to December 2022,90 patients ...Objective:To explore the value of tongue color combined with sublingual microcirculation in predicting the severity of mild to moderate acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods:From January to December 2022,90 patients with ACI were admitted to the Department of Neurology of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.According to the NHISS score on the 5th day of admission,the patients were divided into mild group(35 cases)and moderate group(55 cases).The changes of tongue color and arterial lactate on the 5th day of admission were observed and monitored.Side-stream dark field imaging(SDF)was used to determine the total vascular density(TVD),perfused vascular density(PVD),perfused vascular ratio(PPV)and microvascular flow index(MFI).The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for the severity of ACI,and the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to evaluate their values in predicting ACI severity.Results:There was no significant difference in lactate between the two groups(P>0.05),and the frequency of red tongue in the mild group was higher,and the frequency of red tongue in the moderate group was significantly higher in the dark tongue group(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PVD and PPV were independent risk factors for the severity of mild to moderate ACI(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that an area under the curve of 0.832 was achieved by the combination of PVD and PPV,which was larger than that of a single factor.Conclusion:Tongue color combined with sublingual microcirculation can be combined to predict the severity of mild to moderate ACI.展开更多
为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将...为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将淋洗液收集到装有剑桥滤片的锥形瓶中振荡萃取,萃取液过滤后进行在线二维SPE净化和LC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:1二维SPE净化较单独使用阳离子交换柱或C18反相柱更能有效地去除样品中的杂质,降低基质效应。2优化确定的二维SPE条件:上样体积为0.8 m L(2%甲酸),速率1.0 m L/min,转移体积为0.8 m L(1%氨水),速率0.8 m L/min,阳离子交换柱洗涤液为甲醇与2%甲酸的混合溶液(体积比15∶85),C18柱洗涤液为1%氨水,洗脱时间为1.5 min。3 NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的检出限分别为0.006、0.002、0.004和0.003 ng/m L,回收率93.4%~107.3%,精密度小于8%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于卷烟侧流烟气中4种TSNAs释放量的检测。展开更多
基金UQ Midwinter Group funds.RL received PhD candidature funding from the Australian Government Research Training Program.
文摘Background:This study aimed to compare sublingual microcirculatory parameters between anesthetized pigs and conscious adult humans using sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy.The overarching aim of the work was to validate the pig as an experimental model of changes in microcirculatory function following traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.Methods:Fourteen large white pigs and 14 humans were recruited for the study.Sublingual sidestream darkfield videomicroscopy clips were captured in anesthetized pigs and conscious humans.Clips underwent manual analysis in Automated Vascular Analysis 3.2 software.The total vessel density(TVD),perfused vessel density(PVD),proportion of perfused vessels(PPVs)and microvascular flow index(MFI)were quantified.An independent samples t test was used for between species comparison of microcirculatory parameters.Results and Conclusions:Conscious humans had a significantly lower TVD,PVD and MFI than anesthetized pigs.No significant difference in PPVs was observed between the species.Perfusion of the microcirculation is a critical determinant of tissue metabolic function and viability.Whilst it may not be surprising that some inter species differences in the sublingual microcirculatory anatomy were identified between pig and human subjects,it is interesting to report the insignificant difference in PPVs.This direct microcirculatory measure represents a relative change which should hold translatable value across species.We therefore conclude the pig is a suitable model for microcirculatory research and may be a suitable species to investigate changes in microcirculatory perfusion following perturbations in cardiovascular homeostasis,for example during traumatic haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.
文摘Separate treatment of high-nutrient sidestream is an efficient and cost effective way to decrease the loading on the main plant, resulting in lower effluent nutrient concentration. This study investigated the use of a combined forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO-MD) system for the removal of nitrogen present in high concentration in sidestream from anaerobic digestion process. The combined system was able to achieve almost 100% rejection of solids and acetic acid, and more than 98% rejection of NH3-N from the sidestream. The high rejection of NH3-N was mainly achieved by the FO process. The solids in the feed solution contributed to fouling problem in both FO and MD, resulting in significant decline in flux. However, 76% or higher flux recovery was achieved for FO membrane by cleaning with tap water. We observed that flux recovery was due to removal of solids from the membrane surface by the cleaning process. FO membrane also demonstrated excellent performance for continuous operation when cleaned for 15 min in every 24 h interval. Overall, the combined FO-MD system was found to be an effective solution for treatment of nutrient rich sidestream.
基金Project (No. MZO 00179906) supported by the Ministry of Health,Czech Republic
文摘Objective： Hemodilution changes the physical properties of blood by reducing its hematocrit and blood viscosity. We tested whether prolonged hypervolemic hemodilution （HHD） impairs functional capillary density （FCD） of ileal mucosa in healthy mechanically-ventilated pigs and if there is any correlation between changes in FCD of ileal and sublingual mucosas during HHD. Methods： Sixteen domestic female pigs were anesthetized, mechanically-ventilated, and randomly assigned to the HHD （20 ml/（kg.h） Hartmann＇s solution for 3 h） or fluid restrictive （5 ml/（kg-h） Hartmann＇s solution for 3 h） group. Microcirculations of sublingual and ileal mucosas via ileostomy were visualized using sidestream dark-field （SDF） imaging at baseline conditions （t=0 h） and at selected time intervals of fluid therapy （t=-l, 2, and 3 h）. Results： A significant decrease of ileal FCD （285 （278-292） cm/cm^2） in the HHD group was observed after the third hour of HHD when compared to the baseline （360 （350-370） cm/cm2） （P〈0.01）. This trend was not observed in the restrictive group, where the ileal mucosa FCD was significantly higher after the third hour of fluid therapy as compared to the HHD group （P〈0.01）. No correlation between microhemodynamic parameters obtained from sublingual and ileal mucosas was found throughout the study. Conclusions： Prolonged HHD established by crystalloid solution significantly decreased ileal villus FCD when compared to restrictive fluid regimen. An inappropriate degree of HHD can be harmful during uncomplicated abdominal surgery.
文摘Objective:To explore the value of tongue color combined with sublingual microcirculation in predicting the severity of mild to moderate acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods:From January to December 2022,90 patients with ACI were admitted to the Department of Neurology of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.According to the NHISS score on the 5th day of admission,the patients were divided into mild group(35 cases)and moderate group(55 cases).The changes of tongue color and arterial lactate on the 5th day of admission were observed and monitored.Side-stream dark field imaging(SDF)was used to determine the total vascular density(TVD),perfused vascular density(PVD),perfused vascular ratio(PPV)and microvascular flow index(MFI).The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors for the severity of ACI,and the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)to evaluate their values in predicting ACI severity.Results:There was no significant difference in lactate between the two groups(P>0.05),and the frequency of red tongue in the mild group was higher,and the frequency of red tongue in the moderate group was significantly higher in the dark tongue group(P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PVD and PPV were independent risk factors for the severity of mild to moderate ACI(P<0.05).The ROC curve analysis showed that an area under the curve of 0.832 was achieved by the combination of PVD and PPV,which was larger than that of a single factor.Conclusion:Tongue color combined with sublingual microcirculation can be combined to predict the severity of mild to moderate ACI.
文摘为准确测定卷烟侧流烟气中的烟草特有N-亚硝胺,建立了检测NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的在线二维固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(Online 2D SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)方法。采用抗坏血酸处理的剑桥滤片和鱼尾罩捕集侧流烟气,用乙酸铵溶液淋洗鱼尾罩,将淋洗液收集到装有剑桥滤片的锥形瓶中振荡萃取,萃取液过滤后进行在线二维SPE净化和LC-MS/MS分析。结果表明:1二维SPE净化较单独使用阳离子交换柱或C18反相柱更能有效地去除样品中的杂质,降低基质效应。2优化确定的二维SPE条件:上样体积为0.8 m L(2%甲酸),速率1.0 m L/min,转移体积为0.8 m L(1%氨水),速率0.8 m L/min,阳离子交换柱洗涤液为甲醇与2%甲酸的混合溶液(体积比15∶85),C18柱洗涤液为1%氨水,洗脱时间为1.5 min。3 NNN、NAB、NAT和NNK的检出限分别为0.006、0.002、0.004和0.003 ng/m L,回收率93.4%~107.3%,精密度小于8%。该方法灵敏度高、准确性好,适用于卷烟侧流烟气中4种TSNAs释放量的检测。
