Low-Temperature Signaling Pathways and Their Signaling Factors in Plant

Low temperature as abiotic stress adversely impacts plant growth and development, and limits the ecological distribution of plants as well. Throughout their long evolutionary history, plants have developed a range of complicated and precise molecular regulatory mechanisms to deal with low-temperature stress, involving the activation of signal transduction pathways and the regulation of related genes. In this review, we provide a systematic summary of the most recent research findings regarding three hypotheses of cellular perception of low-temperature signals and two major intracellular low-temperature signaling pathways, including CBF-dependent signaling pathways and CBF-independent signaling pathways. Focus is placed on the functions of each component of the ICE-CBF-COR signaling cascade as well as their interrelationships. This review concludes that although some progress has been made in the identification, function, and mechanism of low-temperature response genes, their roles in the low-temperature regulatory network and molecular mechanisms still need to be studied in detail, which will be of great significance for improving the low-temperature tolerance of plants and adapting to climate change.

The Role of Toll-Like Receptors and Nuclear Factor κB p65 Protein in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media

The role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media is explored. In recent years, the incidence of otitis media has been rising globally, becoming a significant threat to human health. More and more studies have found that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), as a member of the Toll-like receptor family, can promote the generation of inflammatory factors and is closely related to the body’s immune response and inflammatory response. Nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) is a nuclear transcription factor that can interact with various cytokines, growth factors, and apoptotic factors, participating in processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the body [1]. This article elaborates on the structure, function, and signaling pathways of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the pathogenesis of otitis media, aiming to provide more precise targets and better therapeutic efficacy for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media. The role of inflammation in disease.

Identification of rice (Oryza sativa L.) signal factors capable of inducing Agrobacterium vir gene expression

Two kinds of signal factors capable of inducing Agrobaorerium vir gene expression were purified and identified from leaf extracts of panicle-differentiating to flowering stage of rice (Oryza saliva L. cv. IR 72) detected by Agrobacterium vir(?) lacZ. fusion genes. The induction was similar to that observed with 5 μm actosyringone (AS). Based on the comprehensive analysis of the data by UV, IR, NMR, MS, HMQC and HMBC, the structures of these two signal factors are identified as 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-3', 5'-dimethoxy-flavone (named tricin) and 5, 4' -dihydroxy-3', 5' -dimethoxy-7- (β-D-glucosyloxy) -flavone, respectively. These results demonstrate that monocotyledonous plants do contain highly efficient vir gene inducing factors of Agrobacterium, and the reason why monocotyledonous plants are difficult to transform by Ayrobacterium is not due to absence of vir gene inducing factors, but due to the signal factors only produced in specific stage and tissue of monocotyledonous plants

Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn's disease intestinal fibrosis

AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) progress of Crohn's disease(CD) intestinal fibrosis.METHODS First,CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial(IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies.Then cell morphology,wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology,migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1.In addition,immunofluorescence,real-time PCR analysis(q RT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress.Moreover,western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Further,the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by q RTPCR,western blotting,morphology,wound healing andtranswell assays.RESULTS In this study,TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced(IEC-6) morphological change,migration and invasion,and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers,along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Moreover,we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells.Importantly,co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.

Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling protects human malignant glioma cells from hypoxia - induced cell death

Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling has become an importanttarget for drug development becauseEGFR signaling enhances tumor cell proliferation,migration,and invasion and inhibits apoptosis.However,theresults of clinical trials using EGFR inhibitors in patients with solid tumors have been disappointing.Here,wereport a protective effect of the EGFR inhibitors AG1478 and PD153035 against cell death induced by acute hy-poxia,which contrasts with their proapoptotic effects under normoxia.Under hypoxic conditions,both agents re-

Three important components in the regeneration of the cavernous nerve： brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway

Retroperitoneal operations, such as radical prostatectomy, often damage the cavernous nerve, resulting in a high incidence of erectile dysfunction. Although improved nerve-sparing techniques have reduced the incidence of nerve injury, and the administration of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of erectile dysfunction, this problem remains a considerable challenge. In recent years, scientists have focused on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of cavernous nerve injury in rat models. Results showed that both compounds were capable of enhancing the regeneration of the cavernous nerve and that activation of the Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription （STAT） pathway played a major role in the process.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling as therapeutic targets in gastric cancer

Fibroblast growth factor receptors(FGFRs) regulate a variety of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to adult tissue homeostasis. FGFR signaling also plays significant roles in the proliferation, invasion, and survival of several types of tumor cells. FGFR-induced alterations, including gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, and mutations, have been shown to be associated with the tumor initiation and progression of gastric cancer, especially in diffuse-type cancers. Therefore, the FGFR signaling pathway might be one of the therapeutic targets in gastric cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of the role of FGFR signaling in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, proliferation, and chemoresistance. We also discuss the accumulating evidence that demonstrates the effectiveness of using clinical therapeutic agents to inhibit FGFR signaling for the treatment of gastric cancer.

Nexus of signaling and endocytosis in oncogenesis driven by non-small cell lung cancer-associated epidermal growth factor receptor mutants

Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) controls a wide range of cellular processes, and aberrant EGFR signaling as a result of receptor overexpression and/or mutation occurs in many types of cancer. Tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients that harbor EGFR kinase domain mutations exhibit oncogene addiction to mutant EGFR, which confers high sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs). As patients invariably develop resistance to TKIs, it is important to delineate the cell biological basis of mutant EGFR-induced cellular transformation since components of these pathways can serve as alternate therapeutic targets to preempt or overcome resistance. NSCLC-associated EGFR mutants are constitutively-active and induce ligandindependent transformation in nonmalignant cell lines. Emerging data suggest that a number of factors are critical for the mutant EGFR-dependent tumorigenicity, and bypassing the effects of TKIs on these pathways promotes drug resistance. For example, activation of downstream pathways such as Akt, Erk, STAT3 and Src is critical for mutant EGFR-mediated biological processes. It is now well-established that the potency and spatiotemporal features of cellular signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, as well as the specific pathways activated, is determined by the nature of endocytic traffic pathways through which the active receptors traverse. Recent evidence indicates that NSCLCassociated mutant EGFRs exhibit altered endocytic trafficking and they exhibit reduced Cbl ubiquitin ligasemediated lysosomal downregulation. More recent work has shown that mutant EGFRs undergo ligand-independent traffic into the endocytic recycling compartment, a behavior that plays a key role in Src pathway activation and oncogenesis. These studies are beginning to delineate the close nexus between signaling and endocytic traffic of EGFR mutants as a key driver of oncogenicprocesses. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the links between mutant EGFR signaling and endocytic properties, and introduce potential mechanisms by which altered endocytic properties of mutant EGFRs may alter signaling and vice versa as well as their implications for NSCLC therapy.

Effect of hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway activation on Plasmodium berghei infection

Objective:To explore the effect of hepatocyte growth factor signaling pathway activation on Plasmodium berghei infection.Methods:In this study,hepatocyte growth factor was detected by ELISA and Western blotting assay.Hepatocyte injury was detected by FITC-dextran absorption assay,and hepatocyte growth factor expression was shown to be expressed in the same injury cells by immunofluorescence against hepatocyte growth factor.In addition,Activation of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor signaling pathway was detected with immunoprecipitation and detection of phosphorylation status.Results:It was found that injury of hepatocytes by sporozoite migration induced the secretion of hepatocyte growth factor and it was hepatocyte growth factor that rendered hepatocytes susceptible to Plasmodium sporozoite infection.In addition,hepatocyte infections depended on activation of the hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor signaling pathway.Conclusions:Our results indicate that hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor may possibly be potential targets for new approaches to malaria treatment.

Expression Patterns of OsPIL11,a Phytochrome-Interacting Factor in Rice,and Preliminary Analysis of Its Roles in Light Signal Transduction

The expression patterns of OsPILll, one of six putative phytochrome-interacting factors, were analyzed in different organs of transgenic tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum）. The expression of OsPIL 11 was organ-specific and was regulated by leaf development, abscisic acid （ABA）, jasmonic acid （JA） and salicylic acid （SA）. To further explore the role of OsPIL 11 in plant light signal transduction, a plant expression vector of OsPILll was constructed and introduced into tobacco. When grown under continuous red light, OsPILll-overexpressed transgenic tobacco exhibited shorter hypocotyls and larger cotyledons and leaves compared to wild-type seedlings. When grown under continuous far-red light, however, transgenic and wild-type seedlings showed similar phenotypes. These results indicate that OsPILll is involved in red light induced de-etiolation, but not in far-red light induced de-etiolation in transgenic tobacco, which lays the foundation for dissecting the function of OsPIL11 in phytochrome-mediated light signal transduction in rice.

Regulating effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on bronchial asthma smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression through ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Objective: To study the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on bronchial asthma(BA)smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SD guinea pigs were selected and made into asthma models, bronchial asthma smooth muscle cells were cultured and divided into BA group, GA group and GA + LM group that were treated with serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium, serumfree RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid, serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid and 100 ng/mL LM22B-10 respectively; normal guinea pigs were collected and bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured as control group. The cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of proliferation and apoptosis genes, inflammatory factors and p-ERK1/2 was determined.Results: Proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6,YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in BA group were significantly higher than those of control group while m RNA expression levels of Bax,caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower than that of control group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA group were significantly lower than those of BA group(P < 0.05) while the m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly higher than those of BA group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA + LM group were significantly higher than those of GA group(P < 0.05) while m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower that of GA group(P < 0.05).Conclusion: GA can inhibit the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Spatial signalling mediated by the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway during tooth formation

Tooth development relies on sequential and reciprocal interactions between the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues, and it is continuously regulated by a variety of conserved and specific temporal-spatial signalling pathways. It is well known that suspensions of tooth germ cells can form tooth-like structures after losing the positional information provided by the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues. However, the particular stage in which the tooth germ cells start to form tooth-like structures after losing their positional information remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the reassociation of tooth germ cells suspension from different morphological stages during tooth development and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in this process. Four tooth morphological stages were designed in this study. The results showed that tooth germ cells formed odontogenic tissue at embryonic day （E） 14.5, which is referred to as the cap stage, and they formed tooth-like structures at E16.5, which is referred to as the early bell stage, and E18.5, which is referred to as the late bell stage. Moreover, the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway might play a role in this process.

Dihydroergotamine ameliorates liver fibrosis by targeting transforming growth factor β type Ⅱ receptor

BACKGROUND The transforming growth factor β(TGFβ) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the development of liver fibrosis by activating TGFβ type Ⅱ receptor(TGFβR2), followed by the recruitment of TGFβR1 finally triggering downstream signaling pathway.AIM To find drugs targeting TGFβR2 that inhibit TGFβR1/TGFβR2 complex formation, theoretically inhibit TGFβ signaling pathway, and thereby ameliorate liver fibrosis.METHODS Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs were screened for binding affinity with TGFβR2 by virtual molecular docking. We identified 6 candidates and further explored their potential by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) cell cytotoxic experiment to validate toxicity and titrated the best cellular working concentrations. Next, we further demonstrated the detailed molecular working mechanisms using mutagenesis analysis. Finally, we used a mouse model to investigate its potential anti-liver fibrosis effect.RESULTS We identified 6 drug candidates. Among these 6 drugs, dihydroergotamine(DHE) shows great ability in reducing fibrotic gene expressions such as collagen, p-SMAD3, and α-SMA in TGFβ induced cellular model of liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DHE binds to TGFβR2. Moreover, mutation of Leu27, Phe30, Thr51, Ser52, Ile53, and Glu55 of TGFβR2 disrupted the binding of TGFβR2 with DHE. In addition, DHE significantly improved liver fibrosis, as evidenced by Masson’s trichrome staining of liver sections. This is further supported by the width and the velocity of the portal vein, and serum markers of liver function. In line with those observations, DHE also decreased macrophages infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition in the liver.CONCLUSION DHE alleviates liver fibrosis by binding to TGFβR2 thereby suppressing TGFβ signaling pathway. We show here that as far as drug repurposing, DHE has great potential to treat liver fibrosis.

Complement C3a signaling mediates production of angiogenic factors in mesenchymal stem cells

A major portion of the beneficial effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) is due to the production of trophic and angiogenic factors by these cells, and one of the efforts to improve the therapeutic efficacy of these cells lies in enhancing this capacity. Since there is complement activation in all areas of tissue injury, and both C3a and C5a activate MSC, it was asked whether stimulation with C3a or C5a would upregulate the production of trophic factors by MSC. C3a caused significant up-regulation of various angiogenic factors, including VEGF, CXCL8/IL-8 and IL-6. In contrast there was no detectable production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in spite of nuclear translocation of NFκB. Although C5a also caused moderate up-regulation of angiogenic factors, the effect was borderline significant. Furthermore the production of angiogenic factors induced by C3a was of physiological relevance: Supernatants of MSCs cultured under serum-free conditions induced minimal tube formation of HUVECs as an in vitro measure of angiogenesis;tube formation was considerably enhanced, when supernatants from C3a-stimulated MSC were used, while C3a itself had no direct angiogenic effect on HUVECs. The signaling cascade responsible for the production of angiogenic factors by C3a or C5a could be defined as activation of the rho cascade which was necessary for nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 and of phospho-ERK1/2. Although rho was only transiently activated, inhibition of the rho or “downstream of it” of the NFκB pathway, prevented C3a-and C5a-induced up-regulation of angiogenic factors.

Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate on some protein factors involved in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway

（-）-Epigallocatechin gallate （EGCG）, a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, can inhibit activity of specific receptor tyrosine kinases （RTKs） and related downstream signal transduction pathways, resulting in the control of unwanted cell proliferation. The epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） signaling pathway is one of the most important pathways that regulates growth, survival,proliferation and differentiation in mammalian cells. This review addresses the effects of EGCG on some protein factors involved in the EGFR signaling pathway in a direct or indirect manner. Based on our understanding of the interaction between EGCG and these factors, and based on their structures, EGCG could be used as a lead compound for designing and synthesizing novel drugs with significant biological activity.

Atsttrin reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway

Progranulin is closely related to neuronal survival in a neuroinflammatory mouse model and attenuates inflammatory reactions. Atsttrin is an engineered protein composed of three progranulin fragments and has been shown to have an effect similar to that of progranulin. Atsttrin has anti-inflammatory actions in multiple arthritis mouse models, and it protects against further arthritis development. However, whether Atsttrin has a role in neuroinflammation remains to be elucidated. In this study, we produced a neuroinflammatory mouse model by intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide(10 μg/μL). Atsttrin(2.5 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection every 3 days over a period of 7 days before intracerebroventricular injection of 1 μL lipopolysaccharide(10 μg/μL). In addition, astrocyte cultures were treated with 0, 100 or 300 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide, with 200 ng/mL Atsttrin simultaneously. Immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to examine the protein and mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and to assess activation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Progranulin expression in the brain of wild-type mice and in astrocyte cultures was increased after lipopolysaccharide administration. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase were increased in the brain of progranulin knockout mice after lipopolysaccharide administration. Atsttrin treatment reduced the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in the protein and mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinase-3 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the brain of progranulin knockout mice. Atsttrin also reduced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase 3 mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-treated astrocytes in vitro, and decreased the concentration of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β in the supernatant. Furthermore, Atsttrin significantly reduced the levels of phospho-nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor α in the brain of lipopolysaccharide-treated progranulin knockout mice and astrocytes, and it decreased the expression of nuclear factor kappa B2 in astrocytes. Collectively, our findings show that the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of Atsttrin involves inhibiton of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway, and they suggest that Atsttrin may have clinical potential in neuroinflammatory therapy.

松果菊苷对尿毒症大鼠肾损伤的影响及机制

目的研究松果菊苷(ECH)对尿毒症(URE)大鼠肾损伤的影响及机制。方法采用5/6肾切除法建立URE大鼠模型。建模成功的大鼠分为尿毒症(URE)组、ECH低剂量[10 mg/(kg·d)]组、ECH中剂量组[20 mg/(kg·d)]、ECH高剂量组[40 mg/(kg·d)]和ECH高剂量+茴香霉素[p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38 MAPK)信号通路激活剂]组[ECH-H+Ani组,40 mg/(kg·d)ECH+2 mg/(kg·d)茴香霉素],另设假手术组,每组12只。各药物组灌胃相应的ECH,ECH-H+Ani组再尾静脉注射茴香霉素,每天1次,连续给药8周。检测大鼠血清中肿瘤细胞因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、血尿素氮(BUN)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血肌酐(Scr)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子1(KIM-1)、胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平,24 h尿蛋白(24 h UP)和肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;观察肾组织病理学变化;检测大鼠肾组织中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E-上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)阳性表达率和p38 MAPK、核因子κB(NF-κB)p65的磷酸化水平。结果与URE组相比,ECH各剂量组大鼠肾小球肿胀及上皮细胞损伤坏死明显减轻,炎症细胞浸润明显减少;肾损伤评分和TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、BUN、Scr、β2-MG、24 h UP、NGAL、KIM-1、Cys-C、MDA水平及α-SMA阳性表达率、p38 MAPK和NF-κB p65的磷酸化水平均呈剂量依赖性降低而SOD活性和E-cadherin阳性表达率均呈剂量依赖性升高(P<0.05)。茴香霉素可显著逆转高剂量ECH对URE大鼠肾损伤及相关指标的改善作用(P<0.05)。结论ECH可能通过抑制p38 MAPK/NF-κB信号通路激活来抑制URE大鼠的炎症反应和氧化应激反应,增强肾功能,改善肾损伤。

超前镇痛方案对跟骨关节内骨折患者OPG/RANKL信号通路因子表达的影响

目的 探讨跟骨关节内骨折患者采用超前镇痛方案对骨保护素(OPG)/核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)信号通路因子表达的影响。方法 回顾性选取2017年2月至2022年2月大庆油田总医院收治的跟骨关节内骨折患者100例,依据镇痛方案不同分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患者接受常规性静脉自控镇痛方案,观察组患者接受地佐辛超前镇痛联合常规性静脉自控镇痛方案。统计分析两组围手术期指标(术中出血量、手术时间、术后引流量、术后引流时间、住院时间),麻醉前、手术前、手术后即刻的血流动力学(平均动脉压、心率),手术前、手术后1 d的应激反应[C反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)],手术后即刻,手术后6 h、12 h、1 d的镇静[Ramsay镇静评分(RSS)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分]和镇痛效果,以及手术后1 d、手术后1周的血清OPG、RANKL含量和术后并发症发生情况。结果 两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者的术后引流量为(59.86±2.54) mL,少于对照组[(110.97±9.41) mL],术后引流时间、住院时间分别为(123.23±9.82) h、(5.61±0.45) d,均短于对照组[(178.22±9.32) h、(8.01±0.31) d],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。麻醉前、手术前、手术后即刻,两组患者的平均动脉压、心率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后1 d,两组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2水平均明显高于手术前,观察组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PGE2水平分别为(5.11±1.47) mg/L、(43.15±7.51)μg/L、(32.52±5.31) ng/L、(138.11±12.68) pg/mL,均明显低于对照组[(21.42±3.44) mg/L、(87.60±13.56)μg/L、(75.77±21.35) ng/L、(144.60±15.20) pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与手术后即刻比较,两组患者手术后6、12、24 h的RSS评分、VAS评分均逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后6、12、24 h,两组患者的RSS评分、VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术后1周,两组患者的血清OPG、RANKL含量均高于手术后1 d,且观察组患者的血清OPG、RANKL含量分别为(188.86±21.47)、(108.37±10.43) pg/mL,均高于对照组[(177.75±19.23)、(98.76±8.26) pg/mL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的术后并发症发生率为8.00%,明显低于对照组(32.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 超前镇痛方案能够促进跟骨关节内骨折患者OPG/RANKL信号通路因子表达及患者术后康复,提高镇痛效果,减少术后并发症的发生。

鱼酱排毒合剂对急性鼻窦炎大鼠NF-κB通路的影响

目的研究鱼酱排毒合剂对急性鼻窦炎大鼠核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)通路相关蛋白表达的影响。方法采用单侧鼻腔接种金黄色葡萄球菌建立大鼠急性鼻窦炎模型,根据急性鼻窦炎评分表评估造模结果。将成模大鼠分为正常组、模型组、鱼酱组(予鱼酱排毒合剂)和阿莫西林组(予阿莫西林克拉维酸分散片),各组给予相应药物治疗7 d。治疗结束后测定各组大鼠鼻腔分泌物的pH值;HE染色观察鼻黏膜组织病理学改变;ELISA检测鼻腔灌洗液及鼻黏膜上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)水平;Western blotting检测NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白表达水平。结果急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症模型成功建立。与模型组相比,鱼酱组和阿莫西林组大鼠鼻腔分泌p H值显著降低(P<0.01),鼻黏膜病理损伤明显改善,鼻腔灌洗液和鼻黏膜组织上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平明显降低(P<0.01),NF-κB相关蛋白表达水平显著下降(P<0.01)。结论鱼酱排毒合剂可通过调节急性鼻窦炎大鼠NF-κB相关信号蛋白的表达,从而改善大鼠急性鼻窦炎症状。

冬凌草甲素介导Sirt1信号轴抑制溃疡性结肠炎的机制研究

目的:利用葡聚糖硫酸钠盐(DSS)构建小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型,探讨冬凌草甲素(Ori)通过介导Sirt1信号通路缓解UC的作用及分子机制,寻找治疗UC的新药。方法:60只BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组(NC)、模型组(DSS)、DSS+美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒组(AC)、DSS+低剂量Ori组(Ori-L)、DSS+中剂量Ori组(Ori-M)和DSS+高剂量Ori组(Ori-H),每组10只。除NC组外,其余各组小鼠自由饮用3%DSS水溶液7 d,造模成功后,Ori-L组、Ori-M组和Ori-H组分别灌胃50、100、150 mg/kg Ori混悬液,NC组及DSS组自由饮用蒸馏水,AC组灌胃美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒100 mg/kg,连续治疗10 d。记录小鼠体质量变化并进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分;治疗结束后,ELISA检测血清IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;摘取完整结肠组织,测量长度,进行HE染色,实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测各组结肠组织Sirt1、NF-κB和p53表达。结果:造模成功后,与NC组相比,其余5组小鼠出现体质量下降、DAI评分升高以及结肠长度缩短现象,Sirt1表达受到明显抑制,NF-κB和p53表达显著升高,且伴有明显炎症病理学特征。相较于DSS组,Ori-L、Ori-M和Ori-H以及AC组小鼠实验期间体质量减轻幅度较小,DAI评分显示其疾病活动较低,且结肠长度缩短程度相对较小,Sirt1表达受抑制程度较低,NF-κB和p53表达上升幅度相对较小,AC组结果证明Ori对UC有治疗效果。结论:Ori能改善小鼠UC,其作用可能与调控Sirt1信号有关。