Totally Coded Method for Signal Flow Graph Algorithm

After a code-table has been established by means of node association information from signal flow graph, the totally coded method (TCM) is applied merely in the domain of code operation beyond any figure-earching algorithm. The code-series (CS) have the holo-information nature, so that both the content and the sign of each gain-term can be determined via the coded method. The principle of this method is simple and it is suited for computer programming. The capability of the computer-aided analysis for switched current network (SIN) can be enhanced.

RECONSTRUCTION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL MULTI-LAYERED MEDIA BY USING A TIME DOMAIN SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH TECHNIQUE

A novel inverse scattering method to reconstruct the permittivity profile of one-dimensional multi-layered media is proposed in this paper.Based on the equivalent network ofthe medium,a concept of time domain signal flow graph and its basic principles are introduced,from which the reflection coefficient of the medium in time domain can be shown to be a series ofDirac δ-functions(pulse responses).In terms of the pulse responses,we will reconstruct both thepermittivity and the thickness of each layer will accurately be reconstructed.Numerical examplesverify the applicability of this

Analysis of Electronic Circuits with the Signal Flow Graph Method

In this work a method called “signal flow graph (SFG)” is presented. A signal-flow graph describes a system by its signal flow by directed and weighted graph;the signals are applied to nodes and functions on edges. The edges of the signal flow graph are small processing units, through which the incoming signals are processed in a certain form. In this case, the result is sent to the outgoing node. The SFG allows a good visual inspection into complex feedback problems. Furthermore such a presentation allows for a clear and unambiguous description of a generating system, for example, a netview. A Signal Flow Graph (SFG) allows a fast and practical network analysis based on a clear data presentation in graphic format of the mathematical linear equations of the circuit. During creation of a SFG the Direct Current-Case (DC-Case) was observed since the correct current and voltage directions was drawn from zero frequency. In addition, the mathematical axioms, which are based on field algebra, are declared. In this work we show you in addition: How we check our SFG whether it is a consistent system or not. A signal flow graph can be verified by generating the identity of the signal flow graph itself, illustrated by the inverse signal flow graph (SFG−1). Two signal flow graphs are always generated from one circuit, so that the signal flow diagram already presented in previous sections corresponds to only half of the solution. The other half of the solution is the so-called identity, which represents the (SFG−1). If these two graphs are superposed with one another, so called 1-edges are created at the node points. In Boolean algebra, these 1-edges are given the value 1, whereas this value can be identified with a zero in the field algebra.

Tri-level programming model for combined urban traffic signal control and traffic flow guidance

In order to balance the temporal-spatial distribution of urban traffic flow, a model is established for combined urban traffic signal control and traffic flow guidance. With consideration of the wide use of fixed signal control at intersections, traffic assignment under traffic flow guidance, and dynamic characteristics of urban traffic management, a tri-level programming model is presented. To reflect the impact of intersection delay on traffic assignment, the lower level model is set as a modified user equilibrium model. The middle level model, which contains several definitional constraints for different phase modes, is built for the traffic signal control optimization. To solve the problem of tide lane management, the upper level model is built up based on nonlinear 0-1 integer programming. A heuristic iterative optimization algorithm(HIOA) is set up to solve the tri-level programming model. The lower level model is solved by method of successive averages(MSA), the middle level model is solved by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA II), and the upper level model is solved by genetic algorithm(GA). A case study is raised to show the efficiency and applicability of the proposed modelling and computing method.

Monitoring and Recognition of Debris Flow Infrasonic Signals

Low frequency infrasonic waves are emitted during the formation and movement of debris flows, which are detectable in a radius of several kilometers, thereby to serve as the precondition for their remote monitoring.However, false message often arises from the simple mechanics of alarms under the ambient noise interference.To improve the accuracy of infrasound monitoring for early-warning against debris flows, it is necessary to analyze the monitor information to identify in them the infrasonic signals characteristic of debris flows.Therefore, a large amount of debris flow infrasound and ambient noises have been collected from different sources for analysis to sum up their frequency spectra, sound pressures, waveforms, time duration and other correlated characteristics so as to specify the key characteristic parameters for different sound sources in completing the development of the recognition system of debris flow infrasonic signals for identifying their possible existence in the monitor signals.The recognition performance of the system has been verified by simulating tests and long-term in-situ monitoring of debris flows in Jiangjia Gully,Dongchuan, China to be of high accuracy and applicability.The recognition system can provide the local government and residents with accurate precautionary information about debris flows in preparation for disaster mitigation and minimizing the loss of life and property.

Study on Geometric Factors Influencing Saturation Flow Rate at Signalized Intersections under Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions

The main objective of intersection design is to facilitate the convenience, comfort, and safety of people traversing the intersection by enhancing the efficient movement of road users. The intersections on urban roads in India generally cater to heterogeneous motorized traffic, along with slow-moving traffic including pedestrians. It is therefore necessary to consider saturation flow for mixed traffic conditions to evaluate the overall operation of signalized intersections. A proper traffic model must consider varying characteristics of all the road users to effectively design and efficiently manage signalized intersections. This paper presents the results of the study on analyses of saturation flow rate conducted at signalized intersections with mixed traffic conditions in the city of Bangalore, India. Studies were carried out at 15 signalized intersections in the city of Bangalore with varying geometric factors such as width of road (w), gradient of the road (g), and turning radius (r) for right turning vehicles. Saturation flow rate computed as per Highway Capacity manual (HCM: 2000), Indonesian highway capacity manual (IHCM), and IRC SP: 41-1994 was compared with the field observations. The geometric factors, which affect the saturation flow, have been considered in this study and accordingly a new model has been proposed for determining saturation flow. It has been shown that by the introduction of the suggested adjustment factors in this paper, the saturation flow rate can give better picture of the field conditions, especially under heterogeneous traffic conditions of an urban area.

Model of Traffic Speed-Flow Relationship at Signal Intersections

Speed-flow relationship is the fundamental for the traffic simulation and traffic volume forecast. Traditional quadratic polynomial model can’t reflect the saturate flow at signal intersections. In order to determine the speed-flow relationship at signal intersections, the speed and time-headway of vehicles at two signal intersections were investigated and the accuracy of software used to get the speed was tested. After vehicle starting-up from queuing, the time-headway reduces gradually with the increase of speed. The relationship of power exponential function between speed and time-headway is formulated. Traffic volume can be calculated by the vehicle time-headway. Then the speed-flow relationship was developed and an S-shaped curve model was built in this paper. In the S-shaped curve model, traffic flow approaches to the saturate when the speed doesn’t increase. Thus, S-shaped curve model is better to describe the speed-flow relationship at signal intersection. The results can provide a reference to determine the parameters in traffic simulation and for the study of level of service of intersections.

Vehicle actuation based short-term traffic flow prediction model for signalized intersections

Traffic flow prediction is an important component for real-time traffic-adaptive signal control in urban arterial networks.By exploring available detector and signal controller information from neighboring intersections,a dynamic data-driven flow prediction model was developed.The model consists of two prediction components based on the signal states(red or green) for each movement at an upstream intersection.The characteristics of each signal state were carefully examined and the corresponding travel time from the upstream intersection to the approach in question at the downstream intersection was predicted.With an online turning proportion estimation method,along with the predicted travel times,the anticipated vehicle arrivals can be forecasted at the downstream intersection.The model performance was tested at a set of two signalized intersections located in the city of Gainesville,Florida,USA,using the CORSIM microscopic simulation package.Analysis results show that the model agrees well with empirical arrival data measured at 10 s intervals within an acceptable range of 10%-20%,and show a normal distribution.It is reasonably believed that the model has potential applicability for use in truly proactive real-time traffic adaptive signal control systems.

Transfer characteristics of dynamic biochemical signals in non-reversing pulsatile flows in a shallow Y-shaped microfluidic channel: signal filtering and nonlinear amplitude-frequency modulation

The transports of the dynamic biochemical signals in the non-reversing pulsatile flows in the mixing microchannel of a Y-shaped microfluidic device are ana- lyzed. The results show that the mixing micro-channel acts as a low-pass filter, and the biochemical signals are nonlinearly modulated by the pulsatile flows, which depend on the biochemical signal frequency, the flow signal frequency, and the biochemical signal transporting distance. It is concluded that, the transfer characteristics of the dynamic biochemical signals, which are transported in the time-varying flows, should be carefully considered for better loading biochemical signals on the cells cultured on the bottom of the microfluidic channel.

CEEMDAN-SE-WT降噪方法在航空发动机燃油流量信号中的应用

燃油流量信号是反映发动机状态和计算飞机排放物排放量的重要信号,但飞机飞行过程中传感器采集信号时不可避免地会受到外界环境以及内部因素干扰。提出一种结合样本熵(sample entropy,SE)的完全自适应噪声集合经验模态分解(complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise,CEEMDAN)与小波变换(wavelet transform,WT)的联合降噪方法。首先使用CEEMDAN对燃油流量信号进行分解得到本征模态分量,利用样本熵筛选含噪分量,并用相关系数与方差贡献率进行复核。对于含噪分量使用小波阈值降噪进行处理。最后将未处理的模态分量和完成降噪的模态分量重构得到最终燃油流量信号。通过与其他方法比较,CEEMDAN-SE-WT方法拥有最高信噪比为85.287,降噪后燃油消耗总量与飞机总重变化最为接近,可以认为该方法较大程度保留了燃油流量信号中的有效特征,为后续计算民机排放物排放总量提供了良好的数据支持。

Dispersion of Dynamic Biochemical Signals in Steady Flow in a Shallow Y-type Microfluidic Channel

This paper presents an analysis of dispersion of dynamic biochemical signals in steady flow in a shallow Y-type microfluidic channel. A method is presented to control the flow widths of two steady flows in the Y-type microchannel from two inlets.The transfer function for the Y-type microchannel is given by solving the governing equation for the Taylor-Aris dispersion in the microchannel. The amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency relations are provided which show that a shallow Y-type microchannel acts as a low-pass filter. The transports of different dynamic biochemical signals are investigated. In comparison with a fully mixing microfluidic channel, the magnitudes of the dynamic signals at the outlets in a Y-type microchannel are much smaller than those in a fully mixing microchannel, which demonstrates that the amplitude attenuation in a Y-type microchannel is larger than that of a fully mixing microchannel due to the transverse molecular diffusion. In order to control the desired signal in a microchannel, the solution of the inverse problem for the channel is also presented.

暖通空调小流量风机机械振动信号自适应采集研究

当暖通空调小流量风机运行时,频繁产生的脉冲噪声增加了信号采集的复杂性并引入了干扰,使得采集到的振动信号含有大量不必要的噪声成分,降低了采集精度和准确性。为此,提出暖通空调小流量风机机械振动信号自适应采集方法。使用经验模态分解方法对振动信号进行处理,获得信号在时域和频域上的特征信息。根据振动信号的频率特征,设计自适应变采样算法在不同的时间段内动态地调整采样率,采集风机振动信号。使用数学形态滤波器调整信号的形状,去除脉冲干扰以提高采集信号的精度,并进一步优化信号的质量。实验结果表明,所提方法的振动信号自适应采集精度高,且采集时间短。

GO-FLOW方法及其改进的精确算法

GO FLOW方法是一种有效的系统可靠性分析方法,直接进行系统可靠性定量计算是GO FLOW方法的优点。但对于包含共有信号的复杂系统,不能直接按GO FLOW方法提供的算法计算,必须保留共有信号项并对其进行修正才能得到精确的计算结果。给出对共有信号进行修正的计算公式推导过程,提出了有共有信号的复杂系统中GO FLOW新的定量精确算法,并用算例加以说明和验证。算例结果表明该方法是精确而有效的。

基于多流ConvNeXt网络和马氏距离度量的未知信号增量识别

为解决现阶段基于深度学习网络的信号识别技术无法实现未知信号增量识别的问题,提出了基于多流ConvNeXt网络和马氏距离度量(MDM)相结合的未知信号增量识别方法.首先,利用改进的多流ConvNeXt网络提取信号的属性特征;其次,使用马氏距离度量判决方法进行未知信号检测进而实现已知信号和未知信号的二分类;最后,该方法根据不断增加的未知信号对模型的参数进行自动更新,使模型具备了自我进化的能力,进而可以识别出不断增加的新的未知信号类别,实现对未知信号的增量识别.仿真实验结果表明,该方法对未知信号的平均识别率达到97%以上.

高速铁路信号系统碳排放边界划分及分析

准确量化高速铁路信号系统的碳排放量,对高速铁路碳排放核算及低碳化发展有重要意义。本文提出在计算其碳排放时需要综合考虑信号系统相关关联活动的思路,并划分信号系统的碳排放边界;提出基于能源消耗的信号系统碳排放计算方法,进一步利用碳流理论分析计算信号系统内各设备的相关碳流指标;最后以甘肃省兰州西高铁站为例进行分析,验证本文所提方法的可行性和有效性。结果显示,控制及监测系统的碳排放主要与电力碳排放因子有关,维护保养电码化设备所产生的碳排放平均仅有0.12 kgCO_(2)·d^(-1);信号系统各设备间的平均支路碳流密度为0.0076 kgCO_(2)·kWh^(-1),各设备的节点碳势与支路碳流密度相等。结论表明,各子系统的碳排放量主要和其能耗类型有关,电能消耗引起的间接碳排放是信号系统碳排放的主要组成部分,信号系统相关活动引起的直接碳排放与一次能源消耗成正比。

AFS型测流平台水文信号采集方案的研究应用

为了实现无人远程测流,需要采集三个关键信号,即水面信号、流速信号、水底信号,这里提出了一种关键水文信号采集方案,通过旋桨流速仪和使用STM32单片机的信号采集仪来采集水面信号和流速信号;通过编码器与转臂式失重开关采集水底信号;PLC计算出水深与流速信号后传输至上位机做保存与处理。流速信号受制于旋桨流速仪影响,抖动干扰严重,提出了去抖动滤波方案,并通过实验验证滤波电路切实可行;针对不同地区水阻所造成的A/D采集参考电压不同,编写了专用APP,采用蓝牙连接调整参数,提高了该采集方案的适用性。经过实地测试,使用该方案所得到的流速、水深数据符合水文站的精度要求,能够有效的节省人力成本和时间成本,提高水文测流过程的自动化程度。

基于多信号流图的大气数据系统故障诊断

针对传统无人机大气数据系统故障诊断依赖专家经验、故障定位不准确的问题,提出了基于多信号流图的大气数据系统故障诊断方法。通过分析大气数据系统的组成结构和故障模式影响与危害度分析,采用多信号流图方法对某型无人机大气数据系统关键部件进行测试性分析,得到大气数据系统的故障-测试相关性矩阵。针对传统实时测试性工程与维护系统(Real-Time Testability Engineering and Ma-intenance System,TEAMS-RT)算法诊断速度较慢的问题,对TEAMS-RT算法进行优化研究,提出了一种基于TEAMS-RT的矩阵分解优化(简称Tree-RT)算法,在此基础上对D矩阵分别采用Tree-RT算法和测试一致性算法对大气数据系统进行故障注入试验。试验结果表明,Tree-RT算法对故障注入试验的诊断率为94.62%,高于基于测试一致性算法85.73%的诊断率,证明了大气数据系统多信号流图和Tree-RT算法的有效性,为无人机大气数据系统的故障诊断相关研究提供了技术支撑。

脑膜瘤患者MRI增强扫描影像学特征及临床预后预测价值

目的探究脑膜瘤患者MRI增强扫描影像学特征,并分析其对临床预后的预测价值。方法选取2019年10月—2022年10月收治的87例脑膜瘤,术前均接受MRI增强扫描,并行肿瘤切除手术和(或)颅底修补术,术后6个月依据格拉斯哥预后分级(GOS)评估预后,分为预后不良组(GOSⅡ~Ⅲ级)、预后良好组(GOSⅣ~Ⅴ级)。比较不同病理分级患者MRI增强扫描影像学特征,分析影像学特征与病理分级的相关性;比较不同预后患者MRI增强扫描影像学特征,探讨脑膜瘤患者预后不良的影响因素;分析MRI增强扫描影像学特征对患者术后6个月预后的预测价值。结果不同WHO病理分级脑膜瘤患者瘤周水肿、血管流空信号、最大对比增强率(MCER)、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤体积(V)、肿瘤表面积密度(Sv)、容积转移常数(Ktrans)、血管外细胞外容积分数(Ve)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);脑膜瘤患者瘤周水肿、血管流空信号、MCER、肿瘤最大径、V、Sv、Ktrans、Ve与病理分级均呈正相关(P<0.05)。预后良好组瘤周水肿、血管流空信号占比低于预后不良组,MCER、肿瘤最大径、V、Sv、Ktrans、Ve水平低于预后不良组(P<0.01)。瘤周水肿、血管流空信号、MCER、肿瘤最大径、V、Ktrans、Ve是脑膜瘤患者预后不良的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。瘤周水肿、血管流空信号、MCER、肿瘤最大径、V、Ktrans、Ve联合预测患者术后6个月预后的受试者工作特征曲线下面积最大,大于各指标单独预测(P<0.05)。结论脑膜瘤患者MRI增强扫描影像学特征与病理分级密切相关,联合瘤周水肿、血管流空信号、MCER、肿瘤最大径、V、Ktrans、Ve对脑膜瘤患者预后有较高预测价值。

彩色多普勒超声在双波长激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤中的应用

目的:分析彩色多普勒超声在双波长激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年3月至2023年3月收治的血管瘤患者临床资料,所有患者在行Cynergy双波长激光治疗前均接受彩色多普勒超声检查,根据不同的血流信号和皮损深度,观察治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果:198例血管瘤患儿纳入分析,共计212处皮损,其中根据血流信号分为无血流信号73例(34.3%)、稀少血流信号76例(35.8%)、中等血流信号63例(29.9%),有效率为100%,96.1%,85.7%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);根据皮损深度分为<1.2 mm 69例(32.5%),1.2~3.0 mm 88例(41.5%),>3 mm 55例(26.0%),有效率为100%,94.3%,83.6%,三组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在所有纳入的患者中,有21.7%的患儿出现不良反应。结论:彩色多普勒超声在双波长激光治疗婴幼儿血管瘤中具有重要的应用价值,可以实时监测治疗过程,并帮助临床医师预估疗效。

时空行为视角下上海市早高峰拥堵的形成模式与规划应对

从时空行为视角溯源导致拥堵的出行原因,有助于理解拥堵形成的时空全过程。以上海市早高峰期间常发拥堵路段与机动车出行为研究对象,使用手机信令数据与交通态势数据进行交通流分配,还原出行的时空轨迹,从空间、时间、行为3个维度刻画早高峰拥堵形成的总体特征,解析具体路段的拥堵形成模式。发现拥堵的主要来源是沿内环、中环连片的居住密集区,去向主要集中在内环内的就业集中区;道路拥堵模式可归纳为“时空集中型”“出发集中型”“到达集中型”“时空分散型”4种主要类型;进而结合时空行为规划理论框架提出针对性的缓堵策略。从时空全过程视角认识道路拥堵的形成原因,可以为精细化的拥堵治理提供参考。