Signal Path Reckoning Localization Method in Multipath Environment

In the wireless localization application, multipath propagation seriously affects the localization accuracy. This paper presents two algorithms to solve the multipath problem. Firstly, we improve the Line of Possible Mobile Device(LPMD) algorithm by optimizing the utilization of the direct paths for single-bound scattering scenario. Secondly, the signal path reckoning method with the assistance of geographic information system is proposed to solve the problem of localization with multi-bound scattering paths. With the building model's idealization, the proposed method refers to the idea of ray tracing and dead reckoning. According to the rule of wireless signal reflection, the signal propagation path is reckoned using the measurements of emission angle and propagation distance, and then the estimated location can be obtained. Simulation shows that the proposed method obtains better results than the existing geometric localization methods in multipath environment when the angle error is controlled.

The Analysis of Relationship between MSTN/Smad Signal Path and Turpan Black Sheep Meat Production

The research analyzed the expression and difference of MSTN/Smad signal path genes(MSTN, Smad2, Smad3,Smad4, TGFBR1, TGFBR2) in Turpan black sheep muscle tissue, as well as the correlation with some growth indices. Besides,the research used the fluorescence quantitative PCR technique to detect the expression level of MSTN, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4,TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 genes in m RNA of Turpan black sheep muscle. The research also used conventional and histological methods to determine the muscle growth and meat producibility indices, discussed the relationship between MSTN/Smad signal path and muscle growth and meat production. The result shows that these genes are expressed in Turpan black sheep muscle tissues, and have some relationship with body weight, height, length, chest circumference, hoof circumference, carcass and dressing percentage. The MSTN gene is negatively correlated with body weight(r = 0.993, P < 0.05), and hoof circumference(r= 0.957, p < 0.01), but has no significant correlation with body height, length, carcass weight, dressing percentages(P > 0.05);Smad2 gene shows significantly negative correlation the with dressing percentage(r = 0.918, p < 0.05), but no significant correlation with body weight, height, length, chest circumference, hoof circumference and carcass(P > 0.05); Smad3 gene shows no significant correlation with any of them(P > 0.05); Smad4, TGFBR1, TGFBR2 did not show any significant relationship with body height, length, chest circumference, weight and dressing percentage(P > 0.05).

A study of acupoint specificity and mechanism of electroacupuncture intervention on chronic colitis in rats based on PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Objective:This study aimed to elucidate the differences in effects and mechanisms of action of electric-needle therapy at Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)acupoints on chronic experimental colitis in rats through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Sixty pathogen-free SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups:the normal,model,Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)groups,each with 10 rats.Chronic colitis was induced in rats by combining immunization and local stimulation.After model establishment,electrical needle intervention combined with dispersing wave of 2 Hz/50 Hz with a current intensity of 2 mA once daily for 20 min was applied on acupoints of each group.Subsequently,the inflammation of colonic mucosa and serum levels of inflammatory factors(IL-23,IL-17,IL-10)were observed;ELISA was used to detect mRNA expressions of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in colitic tissues by RT-PCR as well as protein content of p-PI3k/PI3K,p-Akt/Akt,and p-mTOR/mTOR in colitic tissues by Western blotting.Result:Compared with the normal group,the model rats showed a poor general condition,serious damage to the colonic mucosa with a large number of inflammatory cells infiltration.The serum IL-23 and IL-17 expressions were significantly increased(P<0.01),while the serum IL-10 expression was significantly decreased(P<0.01);the mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR and p-PI3K,p-Akt and p-mTOR were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the pathological slices of rats in each acupoints intervention group showed obvious improvement of colitis inflammatory reaction and tissue damage;the serological levels of IL-23 and IL-17 were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the serology level of IL-10 was significantly increased(P<0.01);the expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR mRNA and p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Compared with Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)groups,the recovery degree of mucosa layers in Shang Ju Xu(ST37)group was closer to that of normal group,and the curative effect was relatively the best;in terms of serological levels of IL-23 and IL-17,the Shang Ju Xu(ST37)group was significantly lower(P<0.05),while the level of IL-10 was significantly higher(P<0.01);the expressions of PI3K,Akt,mTOR mRNA and p-PI3K,p-Akt,p-mTOR proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Results indicate that electrical acupuncture at Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25),Zu San Li(ST36)and Shang Ju Xu(ST37)show similar effects in relieving the colitis-induced damage in the mucosa of chronic colitis rats,as well as inflammatory response.Among them,Shang Ju Xu(ST25)has a superior overall effect in treating chronic colitis compared to Tian Shu(ST25),Da Chang Shu(BL25)and Zu San Li(ST36).The mechanism may be related to inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata improving podocyte injury induced by high glucose through Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway

Objective: To observe the effect of total flavonoids of Scutellaria barbata (TF‑SB) on the injury of high glucose induced podocytes (MPC‑5) and the influence of Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway. Methods: Firstly, CCK8 was used to analyze the safety and efficacy concentration of TF‑SB on MPC‑5 cells. Then, MPC‑5 was then divided into the control group, model group and TF‑SB group. In addition to the control group, model group and TF‑SB group were induced by high glucose to establish MPC‑5 cell injury model. The effects of TF‑SB on ATP, apoptosis and ROS levels of MPC‑5 cells were detected respectively. The contents of IL‑1β, TNF‑α, and MCP‑1 were determined by ELISA, the expression abundance of glycolytic genes (GLU1, PFK1 and HK1) were detected by RT‑PCR. Western blot method was used to detect the expression level of related proteins in Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α pathway. Results: Compared with the blank group, ATP content, GLU1, PKF1 and HK1 expression abundance of MPC‑5 cells in the model group decreased significantly, apoptosis, ROS level and IL‑1 β、 TNF‑ α And MCP‑1 significantly increased (P<0.01);Compared with model group, ATP content, GLU1, PKF1 and HK1 expression abundance, apoptosis, ROS level and IL‑1β in TF‑SB group were significantly increased , TNF‑ α The contents of MCP‑1 and MCP‑1 decreased significantly (P<0.01). In addition, compared with the blank group, the model group Smad4 and HIF‑1 α The protein expression and PKM2 expression in nucleus were significantly increased, while PKM2 expression in cytoplasm was significantly decreased (P<0.01);Compared with model group, TF‑SB group Smad4, HIF‑1 α The expression of PKM2 in the nucleus and expression of PKM2 were significantly decreased, while the expression of PKM2 in the cytoplasm was significantly increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: TF‑SB promotes the mitochondrial activity of MPC‑5 cells to induce glycolysis, and then inhibits the secretion of inflammation, which may play a role in treating diabetes nephropathy by inhibiting Smad4/PKM2/HIF‑1α signaling pathway.

基于chirplet path tracing-VMD的变转速信号故障特征提取

针对变分模态分解方法在提取故障特征时处理非平稳信号能力不足的情况,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪(chirplet path tracing)的自适应改进变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)方法。该方法首先利用线调频小波路径追踪算法由非平稳信号得到估计转速变化曲线;其次对目标信号进行等角度重采样,通过转速变化曲线将信号从时域转化为角域;再次采用奇异值分解确定角域信号的降噪阶次,当该阶次自适应变分模态分解的分量个数后,对重采样信号进行变分模态分解处理;最后对分解后的各信号分量进行Hilbert包络谱分析,从而提取故障特征。通过对齿轮箱轴承故障进行仿真和实验验证,表明该方法能有效提取变转速信号的故障特征。

The Study on the Function of BAG-1Gene and its Related Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Background and Objective Apotosis is a programmed cell death process which can be induced by ectoor intra-cellular signals. Recent study indicates that genesis and development

Role of the STAT3/survivin signaling pathway in the EML4-ALK-positive lung adenocarcinoma cell line H2228 before and after crizotinib-induced resistance

Objective This study investigated the role of the STAT3/survivin signaling pathway in the EML4-ALK–positive lung adenocarcinoma cell line H2228 before and after crizotinib-induced resistance. The mechanism of resistance was studied. Methods Cell viability was determined using the MTT assay. Crizotinib-induced apoptosis in H2228 and H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells treated with the indicated doses of crizotinib was measured at different times(24 h, 48 h, 72 h) using flow cytometry. The levels of p-ALK, ALK, p-STAT3, STAT3, and survivin after treatment of cells with 0, 0.3, and 1 μM crizotinib for 72 h were determined using Western blot analysis. DNA sequencing was used to identify mutations in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. Results The crizotinib IC50 values in H2228 and H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells at 72 h were 334.5 n M and 3418 n M, respectively. The resistance index of H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells was 10.20. Crizotinib induced apoptosis in H2228 cells and reduced the levels of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin. In contrast, no changes in the levels of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin were observed in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. The mutations 2067G→A and 2182G→C in EML4-ALK were present in the H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells. Conclusion Crizotinib decreased the viability of H2228 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In the STAT3/survivin pathway, downregulation of p-ALK, p-STAT3, and survivin might contribute to crizotinib-induced apoptosis in H2228 cells. However, the STAT3/survivin pathway in H2228 crizotinib-resistant cells was unaffected by crizotinib treatment. Acquired resistance in H2228 cells might be related to ALK mutations.

黄芩苷对多杀性巴氏杆菌感染猪巨噬细胞后炎症因子表达及信号通路影响的研究

为研究不同浓度黄芩苷对多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)HN-13株感染的猪巨噬细胞(HD11)内炎症因子表达的影响及与炎症信号通路的相互作用关系,本研究采用western blot检测HN-13株感染(0、30 min、60 min、90 min)HD11细胞中促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路3个关键蛋白(p-ERK/ERK、p-p38/p38、p-JNK/JNK)的表达水平;采用ELISA和荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)分析检测低浓度剂量黄芩苷(L组,20μmol/L)、中浓度剂量黄芩苷(M组,40μmol/L)和高浓度剂量黄芩苷(H组,60μmol/L)对Pm感染的猪巨噬细胞内肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-1β分泌水平及其m RNA转录水平的影响,同时设置对照组(Control)和模型组(HN-13);利用抑制剂SCH772984阻断ERK通路,采用ELISA和RT-qPCR检测黄岑苷对Pm感染的HD11细胞内炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达及m RNA转录水平的影响,同时设置对照组(Control)、模型组(HN-13)、抑制组(HN-13+抑制剂)。结果显示:与HN-13株处理0 min组相比,随着感染时间的延长,HN-13株感染HD11细胞中p-ERK/ERK的蛋白表达量逐渐升高(P<0.01),而p-p38/p38和p-JNK/JNK蛋白表达量均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),表明,HN-13株可使HD11细胞炎症相关ERK通路蛋白表达增强,且与作用时间呈正相关。与模型组(HN-13)相比,3个浓度剂量的黄芩苷均显著抑制TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌水平及m RNA转录水平(P<0.05),且抑制作用随着黄芩苷浓度升高而增强。与抑制组相比,黄芩苷与抑制剂共处理组可以显著抑制HN-13感染的HD11细胞中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌及m RNA转录水平(P<0.05)。综上所述,黄芩苷可以抑制Pm感染的HD11细胞中ERK通路相关蛋白的表达和分泌,进而发挥抗炎作用。本研究为研制防治Pm引起的猪肺疫的新药提供了思路。

温胆汤含药血清对10 mmol/L谷氨酸环境下星型胶质细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达的影响

目的 探讨温胆汤含药血清对10 mmol/L谷氨酸诱导的大鼠星型胶质细胞凋亡、周期及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide 3-kinase, PI3K)、蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B,Akt)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR)表达的影响。方法 将60只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为5组,其中正常组20只,氯氮平组和温胆汤高、中、低剂量组各10只。正常组予20 g/kg 0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,氯氮平组予氯氮平原药20 mg/kg灌胃,温胆汤高、中、低剂量组分别予40、20、10 g/kg温胆汤灌胃,1次/d,共8 d。处死大鼠后取血,离心取血清,灭活除菌,EP管分装备用。将大鼠星型胶质细胞分为正常血清组、模型血清组,氯氮平含药血清组和温胆汤高、中、低剂量含药血清组,除正常血清组外,其余各组予10μmol/mL谷氨酸处理48 h后,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡和细胞周期;Western bloting、Real-time PCR分别测定细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白和mRNA表达。结果 温胆汤含药血清可明显降低谷氨酸环境下大鼠星型胶质细胞凋亡率(P<0.01)和G0/G1期细胞占比(P<0.05),升高S期及G2/M期细胞占比;降低细胞P-P13K/P13K、P-ATK/AKT、P-mTOR/mTOR蛋白表达比值(温胆汤低剂量血清组除外,P<0.05)和细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA表达(温胆汤低剂量血清组除外,P<0.01)。结论 温胆汤含药血清可有效调节大鼠星形胶质细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR表达,达到保护神经细胞的目的,这可能是温胆汤治疗精神分裂症的作用机制之一。

白藜芦醇通过阻断JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录活化因子3信号通路抑制食管癌细胞增殖和迁移并诱导其凋亡的作用研究

目的探究白藜芦醇对人食管癌细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移及JAK激酶2/信号转导及转录活化因子3(JAK2/STAT3)信号通路的调控作用。方法2021年7月至2022年7月,体外培养人食管癌OE19细胞,将细胞分为对照组(不做干预)和实验组(15、30、60、90和120μmol/L白藜芦醇干预24 h)进行预实验,根据细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)预实验结果,筛选有显著作用且细胞活力高于50%的30、60、90μmol/L白藜芦醇进行后续的实验,后续实验又分为对照组(不做干预)、30、60、90μmol/L白藜芦醇组(30、60和90μmol/L白藜芦醇)和30μmol/L白藜芦醇+抑制剂组(30μmol/L白藜芦醇+10μmol/L JAK2/STAT3通路抑制剂AG490),干预24 h。用5-乙炔基-2'脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)、Hoechst 33258染色、Transwell、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)及蛋白质印迹法对细胞增殖率、凋亡情况、迁移数及细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)、胱天蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)和JAK2/STAT3相关因子表达水平进行分析。结果不同浓度实验组的细胞活力与对照组相比逐渐降低,其中30、60、90和120μmol/L白藜芦醇差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但120μmol/L白藜芦醇组细胞活力低于50%,所以本研究选择30、60和90μmol/L白藜芦醇继续后续实验;60μmol/L白藜芦醇组细胞增殖率(41.49±5.06)%、迁移细胞数(36.67±2.52)个显著低于对照组(53.34±1.99)%、(58.00±2.00)个,凋亡细胞数(7.67±1.53)个显著高于对照组(2.50±0.71)个,且cyclin D1、p-JAK2和p-STAT3表达量也低于对照组,caspase-3 mRNA和蛋白表达水平高于对照组(P<0.05);30、90μmol/L白藜芦醇组以上各指标与对照组比较同样如此。与30μmol/L白藜芦醇组相比,30μmol/L白藜芦醇+抑制剂组以上各指标变化更显著(P<0.05)。结论白藜芦醇可通过抑制JAK2/STAT3通路抑制人食管癌OE19细胞的增殖和迁移并诱导凋亡。

薏苡附子败酱散通过抗三结构域蛋白21-Toll样受体4-t-核因子-κB信号通路对类风湿关节炎MH7A细胞的影响

目的观察不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的类风湿关节炎成纤维细胞(MH7A)增殖、凋亡及炎症反应的影响,探究其作用机制。方法2022年2―8月,大鼠用不同浓度薏苡附子败酱散及蒸馏水灌胃制备含药血清;20μg/L的TNF-α处理的MH7A细胞记为TNF-α组,TNF-α+含药血清处理的MH7A细胞记为薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组,正常培养的MH7A细胞标记为对照组。细胞计数试剂盒(CCK8)、流式细胞术、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测细胞的存活、凋亡及白细胞介素(IL)-1β、干扰素(IFN)-γ;蛋白质印迹法(WB)检测基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、MMP-9、抗三结构域蛋白21(TRIM21)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、t-核因子(NF)-κB p65、磷酸化(p)-NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB抑制因子(IκB)-α和t-IκB-α蛋白表达。pcDNA 3.1组(转染空载体)、pcDNA+TRIM21组(转染pcDNA 3.1+TRIM21)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-con组(转染si-con+4.70 g/kg含药血清)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度+si-TRIM21组(转染si-TRIM21+4.70 g/kg含药血清)。结果与对照组相比,TNF-α组细胞存活率(105.07±1.90比185.67±3.06)、TRIM21(0.56±0.02比0.68±0.04)、MMP-3(0.18±0.00比0.63±0.02)、MMP-9(0.39±0.01比0.82±0.01)、TLR4(0.25±0.02比0.68±0.07)、p-NF-κB p65(0.24±0.01比0.68±0.06)、p-IκB-α(0.22±0.01比0.55±0.04)蛋白表达和IL-1β(31.65±0.66比101.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(8.53±0.16比63.76±1.35)含量均显著升高,凋亡率(6.54±0.06比1.17±0.08)均显著降低;与TNF-α组相比,薏苡附子败酱散低浓度组(185.67±3.06比153.77±3.09;0.68±0.04比0.37±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.47±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.73±0.01;103.2±0.7比92.93±0.85;66.3±1.45比54.47±1.46;0.68±0.07比0.53±0.05;0.68±0.06比0.53±0.06;0.55±0.04比0.47±0.01;1.84±0.07比6.67±0.28)、薏苡附子败酱散中浓度组(185.67±3.06比136.23±1.57;0.68±0.04比0.57±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.37±0.02;0.82±0.01比0.57±0.00;103.2±0.7比86.4±0.75;66.3±1.45比38.1±0.92;0.68±0.07比0.43±0.07;0.68±0.06比0.59±0.01;0.55±0.04比0.40±0.03;1.84±0.07比9.59±0.29)、薏苡附子败酱散高浓度组(185.67±3.06比143.47±1.50;0.68±0.04比0.47±0.02;0.63±0.02比0.41±0.05;0.82±0.01比0.62±0.00;103.2±0.7比89.63±0.42;66.3±1.45比40.17±0.90;0.68±0.07比0.51±0.06;0.68±0.06比0.69±0.07;0.55±0.04比0.41±0.02;1.84±0.07比8.89±0.08)细胞存活率、TRIM21、MMP-3、MMP-9蛋白和IL-1β、IFN-γ含量及TLR4、p-NF-κB p65、p-IκB-α蛋白表达均显著降低,凋亡率均显著升高(P<0.05);与pcDNA组相比,pcDNA+TRIM21组细胞TRIM21蛋白表达(0.24±0.03比0.51±0.04)、细胞凋亡率(1.61±0.11比12.43±0.61)均显著升高,MMP-3(0.64±0.02比0.41±0.04)、MMP-9(0.82±0.03比0.45±0.02)、IL-1β(110.63±0.55比90.93±0.60)、IFN-γ(64.5±0.82比48.1±1.25)及细胞存活率(179.03±0.74比120.07±0.60)均显著降低;敲减TRIM21显著抑制薏苡附子败酱散中浓度对损伤细胞的治疗作用且显著升高TLR4(0.45±0.06比0.61±0.02)、p-NF-κB p65(0.49±0.02比0.56±0.02)、p-IκB-α(0.38±0.01比0.62±0.01)的蛋白表达。结论薏苡附子败酱散增强TNF-α诱导的MH7A细胞的生存能力,其作用机制与上调TRIM21抑制TLR4-NF-κB信号通路活性有关。

基于HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB通路研究鱼油延缓气道重塑治疗哮喘的作用机制

目的:探讨鱼油通过HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路延缓气道重塑,治疗哮喘的潜在作用机制及其疗效,为哮喘的新型治疗策略提供理论依据和实验支持。方法:采用Ovalbumin(OVA)诱导的哮喘小鼠模型,随机分为对照组、模型组、鱼油组、鱼油+E5564组,每组10只,共40只;4组小鼠,通过肺功能测试仪对比气道阻力,酶联免疫吸附试验判断运用TLR4抑制剂前后的IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-10炎症因子水平,苏木精—伊红染色观察肺组织病理变化,逆转录定量聚合酶链反应对比Bax、caspase-3、Bcl2的mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹分析观察Bax、caspase-3、Active-caspase3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、p-NF-κB p65的蛋白表达量,免疫组化法观察HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB的蛋白表达水平。结果:气道阻力测试表明,鱼油组小鼠的气道阻力显著降低,肺组织病理损伤减轻,炎症细胞浸润明显减少;HE染色结果表明降低,鱼油组小鼠的气道损伤更小,炎症细胞浸润和上皮细胞排列紊乱更少;ELISA结果显示,鱼油组小鼠的血清炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α的表达降低,并提高了IL-10的表达,而鱼油+E5564组的血清炎症因子水平与模型组相近;RT-qPCR结果表明,鱼油组小鼠的Bax、caspase-3的mRNA表达量较低,Bcl2的mRNA表达量较高;WB结果表明,鱼油组小鼠的Bax、caspase-3、Active-caspase3、HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达量更低,而鱼油+E5564组小鼠HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB及p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达量与模型组小鼠相近;IHC结果表明,鱼油组小鼠HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB蛋白表达量更低,与WB结果趋同。结论:鱼油通过影响HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,显著减轻哮喘小鼠模型的气道炎症和重塑,提高肺功能,显示出作为哮喘潜在治疗剂的可能性;该研究为鱼油在哮喘治疗领域的应用提供了实验依据,但需要进一步的临床研究来验证其疗效和安全性。

基于Fas/FasL信号通路探索舒芬太尼对急性心肌梗死大鼠心功能和心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的基于脂肪酸合成酶(Fas)/脂肪酸合成酶配体(FasL)信号通路探索舒芬太尼对急性心肌梗死(AMI)大鼠心功能和心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法选择健康雄性SD大鼠108只,适应性饲养7天,随机分为对照组、模型组、舒芬太尼低剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组,每组18只。模型组、舒芬太尼低剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组、舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组通过冠状动脉左前降支结扎法制作AMI模型;对照组除不结扎冠状动脉左前降支外,其余步骤与AMI模型相同。舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组分别于AMI模型制作成功后腹腔注射0.1、1µg/kg舒芬太尼。舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组和舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组分别于AMI模型制作成功后腹腔注射1µg/kg舒芬太尼,尾静脉注射200 nmol/kg NC shRNA慢病毒或Fas shRNA慢病毒。对照组和模型组腹腔注射等量生理盐水。术后72 h,采集大鼠尾静脉血,采用ELISA法检测血清肌钙蛋白T;采用超声心动图检测左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室缩短分数(LVFS)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)和左心室收缩末期内径(LVESd)。待大鼠心功能检测完成后,腹主动脉取血,采用ELISA法检测血清TNF-α、IL-6。所有大鼠断头处死,留取心脏,随机取6只大鼠的心脏组织,TTC染色,计算心肌梗死面积;随机取6只大鼠的心脏组织,HE染色,观察心肌组织病理形态变化,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况;取剩余6只大鼠的心脏组织,采用Western blotting法检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3及Fas/FasL信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组血清肌钙蛋白T水平升高,LVEDd、LVESd升高,LVEF、LVFS降低,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,心肌梗死面积增大,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下降(P均<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组心肌细胞形态模糊、纹理消失、排列紊乱、心肌间小血管扩张、细胞数量减少,可见大量炎性细胞浸润。与模型组比较,舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组血清肌钙蛋白T水平降低,LVEDd、LVESd降低,LVEF、LVFS升高,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平降低,心肌梗死面积减小,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达升高(P均<0.05);与模型组比较,舒芬太尼低剂量组和舒芬太尼高剂量组心肌细胞形态、纹理、排列、血管扩张、细胞数量及炎性细胞浸润显著改善。以舒芬太尼高剂量组上述效果改善较为明显。与舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组比较,舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组血清肌钙蛋白T水平升高,LVEDd、LVESd升高,LVEF、LVFS降低,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平升高,心肌梗死面积增大,细胞凋亡率及Bax、Caspase-3、Fas、FasL蛋白表达升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达降低(P均<0.05);与舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas阴性对照组比较,舒芬太尼高剂量+Fas慢病毒组心肌细胞形态模糊、纹理消失、排列紊乱、心肌间小血管扩张、细胞数量减少,炎性细胞浸润明显。结论舒芬太尼可改善AMI大鼠心功能,抑制心肌细胞凋亡,并且1µg/kg舒芬太尼的作用效果要优于0.1µg/kg舒芬太尼;抑制Fas/FasL信号通路激活可能是舒芬太尼改善AMI大鼠心功能的作用机制之一。

基于多频带路径签名特征的癫痫脑电图信号分类方法

基于脑电图(EEG)信号的癫痫自动检测对癫痫的临床诊断和治疗有很大的帮助。由于大部分癫痫识别算法忽略了EEG信号的时序关系,为此,文中提出了一种基于多频带路径签名特征的癫痫EEG信号分类方法。此方法首先将EEG信号分解成5个不同频段的频带信号,再通过路径签名算法进行特征提取,然后采用局部主成分分析去除特征相关性并进行特征融合,最后将融合特征送入集成分类器中进行预测分类。由于路径签名可以更深入地挖掘EEG信号的相关关系,结合局部主成分分析后,文中方法可以获取更有鉴别性的癫痫分类特征。分别在时长超过2 000 s癫痫发作片段的本地医院私有数据集和开源的CHB-MIT癫痫数据集上,选用10折交叉进行实验验证,结果表明:在私有数据集上,文中方法的平均分类准确率达到97.25%,比经典的基于经验模态分解(EMD)的方法提高了3.44个百分点,比最新的基于长短期记忆网络(LSTM)+卷积神经网络(CNN)的方法提高了1.35个百分点;在CHB-MIT数据集上,文中方法的平均分类准确率达到98.11%,比经典的基于EMD的方法提高了5.20个百分点,比最新的基于LSTM+CNN的方法提高了2.64个百分点;在两个数据集上文中方法的分类准确率均优于其他对比方法。

冬凌草甲素介导Notch信号通路对多发性骨髓瘤细胞生长水平、凋亡率及异常转化情况研究

目的探究冬凌草甲素介导Notch信号通路对多发性骨髓瘤细胞生长水平、凋亡率及异常转化情况。方法选取U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞和KAS-6/1细胞,采用CCK8法检测细胞生长水平,采用酶标仪492 nm处检测光密度检测物厚度D值测定细胞的生长抑制率,随后采用流式细胞仪检测RPMI8226细胞和U266细胞的凋亡情况,最后对所检测细胞进行异常转化的观察。结果研究组U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞和KAS-6/1细胞的生长水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组干预后Notch 1-siRNA与核因子κB(NF-κB)-siRNA表达水平变化明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组RPMI8226细胞、U266细胞凋亡率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组异常转染、异常克隆、异常增生的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论冬凌草甲素能够明显抑制多发性骨髓瘤U266细胞、RPMI8226细胞、KAS-6/1细胞体外生长,有效激活Notch信号通路调节诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡过程,值得临床推广应用。

中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究进展

宫颈癌是严重威胁女性身体健康的常见恶性肿瘤。现代医学常采用手术、放疗、化疗等治疗方法,取得较好的临床疗效,但肿瘤复发和转移仍然是宫颈癌患者死亡的主要原因。中医药发展历史悠久,中药复方、中成药、中药注射液等在肿瘤治疗中疗效显著。中药单体是源自于中药的有效提取物,在抗肿瘤方面发挥着重要作用。其中黄芩素、茯苓酸等可以通过抑制分泌型糖蛋白/β-链蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)通路活性抑制宫颈癌细胞生长;紫草素、青蒿素等抗肿瘤的作用机制与调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/雷帕霉素哺乳靶蛋白(Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin,PI3K/Akt/mTOR)相关;姜黄素、人参皂苷等可以通过调控核转录因子-κB(p-nuclear transcription factor-κB,NF-κB)信号通路抑制细胞增殖;牡荆素、白藜芦醇等可以上调p53蛋白表达发挥其抑癌作用;常春藤皂苷元、五味子乙素等可以抑制转录激活因子3(Recombinant signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,STAT3)信号通路活性;柚皮素、半枝莲多糖可以上调腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK)表达;而神经源性位点缺口同源蛋白(Notch)信号通路在宫颈癌发生中的作用机制具有争议。斑蝥素、黄芩素等中药单体可以调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路;土槿皮乙酸、去氢骆驼蓬碱可以抑制磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/糖原合酶激酶-3β(Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3,PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β)信号通路;虫草素、桔梗皂苷-D具有调控Hippo信号的作用;黄芩素、白藜芦醇抗宫颈癌作用机制则与Hedgehog信号有关。目前,关于中药单体调控宫颈癌信号通路的研究众多,但缺乏系统总结。本研究通过总结中药单体调控宫颈癌相关信号通路,以期为中药单体在宫颈癌中的广泛应用提供指导,为中医药防治宫颈癌提供新的药物靶点。

从“肠道黏膜屏障完整性”角度探讨黄芩汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的机制

黄芩汤出自《伤寒论》,为治疗热泻热痢的经典方剂,具有清肠止痢,和中止痛之功效,被后世誉为治痢之先方。现代临床上黄芩汤主要用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎等疾病。目前研究发现,溃疡性结肠炎的发生与肠道黏膜完整性的破坏有关。黄芩汤能够保护肠道黏膜机械屏障、改善肠道菌群失调进而调节生物屏障、缓解氧化应激进而调控化学屏障、减轻肠道黏膜的炎症反应及维持肠道内的免疫平衡状态进而保护免疫屏障等。黄芩汤可通过上述多途径维持肠道黏膜的完整性而治疗溃疡性结肠炎。从肠道黏膜屏障角度出发,从机械屏障、生物屏障、化学屏障、免疫屏障、细胞信号通路(IL-6/JAK/STAT3信号通路、NLRP3/Caspase-1细胞焦亡通路、TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路)多方面对黄芩汤调控溃疡性结肠炎肠道黏膜屏障保护的作用机制予以论述。中医学方面,营卫是人体的营养与防御系统,起到维护人体的生命活动与防御外来病邪方面的重要作用。肠道黏膜为消化吸收的主要场所,同时可以防御外来病原体的入侵,是人体免疫系统的重要组成部分。营卫与肠道黏膜具有相似性,从调和营卫角度治疗溃疡性结肠炎等为肠道疾病的防治提供思路。

紫癜肾煎剂对过敏性紫癜性肾炎大鼠PI3K/AKT及HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路的影响

目的 观察紫癜肾煎剂对过敏性紫癜性肾炎(Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis, HSPN)模型大鼠的治疗作用,并基于PI3K/AKT和HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路探讨其作用机制。方法 随机选7只SD大鼠分为正常对照组,其余大鼠应用“BSA+LPS+CCL4”联合干姜建立HSPN大鼠模型,12周后随机抽取正常对照组和造模组的大鼠各1只,取肾组织固定包埋,采用免疫荧光检测造模组大鼠肾组织中IgA沉积并伴有蛋白尿,正常组无上述表现,提示造模成功。将造模成功的HSPN大鼠模型随机分模型组、紫癜肾煎剂低、高剂量(6.10、24.40 g/kg)组和西药(3.93 mg/kg)组,每组6只。给药结束后,采用溴甲酚紫法测定尿蛋白浓度,计算24 h尿蛋白定量;各组大鼠肾组织病理和免疫荧光检测;采用Western blotting法检测SD大鼠肾组织PI3K、AKT、HIF-1α、VEGFA蛋白表达情况。结果 紫癜肾煎剂可以显著降低24 h尿蛋白(P<0.05),减少肾小球系膜区免疫复合物沉积;与模型组比较,中药方组和西药组大鼠肾组织PI3K、AKT、HIF-1α、VEGFA蛋白表达明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 紫癜肾煎剂能减少HSPN大鼠24 h蛋白尿,改善肾功能及肾组织病理损伤,延缓HSPN病情进展,其机制可能与调控PI3K/AKT和HIF-1α/VEGFA信号通路有关。

基于Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg平衡治疗溃疡性结肠炎研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)是炎症性肠病(IBD)的一种主要类型,因其发病机制尚不清楚,目前针对它发病机制的研究屡见不鲜,由于传统药物的副作用大以及使用的局限性,开发新的安全有效的药物已经成为一大迫切需求。很多研究表明,溃疡性结肠炎的发生发展与Th17/Treg平衡之间有着密切联系,在炎症性肠病的状态时,一些病原体突破肠上皮屏障,随后激活抗原提呈细胞,由此产生的CD4^(+)T细胞容易产生更多的Th17细胞,就会持续积累过多的炎症细胞因子诱导炎症,这时候这种效应就会远超于Treg的免疫耐受,这种相互抑制保持平衡的现象就会被打破,结果组织炎症反应增加,肠膜组织遭到破坏,因此恢复此平衡对于溃疡性结肠炎的缓解也至关重要。目前很多研究从不同的角度分析了调控Th17的表达具体与哪些通路有关,分析了恢复Treg表达的众多途径,并从微生物调节、针对不同受体的靶向药物、中医药治疗等方面探索了恢复Th17/Treg平衡的具体机制,并取得了较好的进展,甚至有很多药物已经应用于临床试验,所以该文将近几年来针对Th17、Treg、以及Th17/Treg平衡治疗的研究进行总结,为更多的研究者清晰明了地了解到目前的研究成果提供帮助,以期待找出更多可以适用于临床的治愈率高、毒副作用小的治疗药物。

miR-10b通过激活KLF4/Notch-1/STAT3信号途径加速腹主动脉瘤的进展

目的:miR-10b促进动脉瘤的进展但其机制未明确,本实验通过检测miR-10b对KLF4/Notch-1/STAT3途径的影响阐明其机理。方法:双荧光素酶实验验证miR-10b的靶基因。取20只apoE-/-小鼠构建腹主动脉瘤模型,其中10只尾静脉注射miR-10b过表达的慢病毒,分别记为模型组和miR-10b组。另取10只apoE-/-小鼠作为假手术组,28 d后解剖小鼠腹主动脉行病理学染色、Western-blot实验。将血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)作用后的THP-1巨噬细胞根据是否转染miR-10b mimic及其Nc对照、是否添加抑制剂分组:(1)Nc组;(2)miR-10b mimic组;(3)Nc+KLF4抑制组;(4)miR-10b mimic+KLF4抑制组;(5)Nc+Notch-1抑制组;(6)miR-10b mimic+Notch-1抑制组;(7)Nc+STAT3抑制组;(8)miR-10b mimic+STAT3抑制组,检测细胞内蛋白水平。结果:检测双荧光素酶活性得知miR-10b可靶向作用于基因KLF4。小鼠血管病理实验发现,与正常小鼠相比,动脉瘤模型小鼠的血管明显增粗、组织结构异常,miR-10b可加重血管病变;CD68+巨噬细胞、蛋白Notch-1、p-STAT3、MMP-2、MMP-9在假手术组、模型组与miR-10b逐渐增多,而α-SMA、蛋白KLF4逐渐减少。(1)、(2)两组细胞间,后者KLF4表达较少、而Notch-1、p-STAT3、MMP-2、MMP-9表达显著偏多;KLF4抑制剂抑制KLF4表达,而Notch-1显著增多;Notch-1被抑制而减少表达,p-STAT3也随之减少;p-STAT3被抑制表达,MMP-2与MMP-9表达量也明显降低。结论:miR-10b通过作用于KLF4/Notch-1/STAT3信号途径,引起动脉瘤组织中MMP-2、MMP-9表达增加,从而加速动脉瘤的进程。