Change and significance of fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease patients with angina pactoris

Objectives To study change and the clinical significance of fibrinolysis in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina pactoris(AP).Methods Levels of plas-min plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1),tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA),fibrinogen(FIB) in 110 CHD patients with AP and 20 normal cases as control group were analyzed in the same ways.Results Levels of PAI-1,FIB in CHD patients with AP were significantly higher than those in control cases,and those of t-PA were significantly lower than control cases;Levels of PAI-1,FIB in UA patients with UA heart events were significantly higher than those in patients with SA,and those of t-PA were significantly lower than patients with SA;Levels of PAI-1,FIB in patients with AP events were significantly higher than those in patients without AP events,and those of t-PA were significantly lower than patients without AP events.Conclusions There was abnormal of fibrinolysis function in CHD patients with AP, specially in patients with UA or with AP events,the abnormal of fibrinolysis might be play an important rule in coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with angina pactoris.

Lag of accommodation predicts clinically significant change of spherical equivalents after cycloplegia

AIM: To evaluate related factors with the change of spherical equivalents(ΔSE) and determine the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE(≥0.50 D) with cyclopentolate hydrochloride on Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 145 right eyes of 145 children aged 4 to 15 y were enrolled. Intraocular pressure, axial length and lag of accommodation(LOA) were assessed before cycloplegia induced by 3 drops of 1% cyclopentolate at 5-minute intervals. SE was measured before and 1 h after the first drop of cyclopentolate. ΔSE was compared between different gender groups and among refractive groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to find related factors with ΔSE. ROC analysis was used to figure out the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE.RESULTS: For the total 145 eyes, the mean SE reached up to-0.70±1.86 D from-1.30±1.62 D, with the mean ΔSE of 0.60±0.55 D. The mean ΔSE were 0.63±0.55 D and 0.57±0.56 D respectively in the male and female group(P=0.40). The mean ΔSE was significantly different among different refractive groups(P<0.0001), with the ΔSE of hyperopia group(1.12±0.64 D) larger than that of the emmetropia(0.56±0.43 D, P=0.001) and myopia group(0.32±0.28 D, P<0.0001). The ΔSE was correlated with LOA(B=-0.54, P<0.0001), cycloplegic SE(B=0.10, P<0.0001) and age(B=-0.04, P=0.015). ROC curve indicated that LOA predicted clinically significant ΔSE by 82% [area under the curve(AUC)=0.82] alone, while the value was slightly improved to 85%(AUC=0.85) in combination with axial length and 86%(AUC=0.86) in association with axial length as well as age.CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia with cyclopentolate, the ΔSE decreases with larger LOA, longer axial length and older age. Specifically, LOA plays a more vital role in predicting clinically significant ΔSE.

Monitoring of Soil Bulk Density in Context with Its Small-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity

The main aim of soil monitoring system is to obtain the knowledge of the most current state and development of soil properties according to concrete threats to soil. To determine the significant changes of soil properties in time, it is important to know spatial variability of concrete soil parameter for concrete site. Only those time changes of the soil parameter are significant, which exceed its spatial variability at the site. The main aim of the study has been focused on the evaluation of small-scale site heterogeneity of equilibrium soil bulk density and the integration of impact of this heterogeneity in evaluation of degradation process of soil compaction in time. As site variation coefficients have considerably varied at standard sampling with five repetitions during monitoring period, one-time detail spatial variability mapping of soil bulk density was realized at 17 repetitions on five selected monitoring sites with different soil type, texture and use. This increase in the number of sampling points helped us to specify and stabilize the values of variation coefficients (between minimum and maximum by standard sampling) as well as the extent of confidence intervals. Standard deviations at the chosen monitoring sites moved from 0.039 to 0.118 g·cm-3 in topsoil and from 0.031 to 0.067 g·cm-3 in subsoil and expressed as variation coefficient 2.9% - 9.2% and 2.0% - 4.9%, respectively. The intervals of significant time changes of soil bulk density for the sites and depths were determined on the base of its site confidence interval (95%) and uncertainty rate of its measure methodology. The time changes of bulk density values between single year-to-year sampling were overlapped by this interval of significant changes to obtain significant bulk density changes in time. This method allowed us to distinguish significant time changes in soil bulk density from insignificant ones. The bulk density value changes on the monitoring sites were significant in the range of six to nine years within observed period 2002-2014 in both depths.

The Change of Copper Contents and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocarcinoma

Copper contents(CU) in bodies and serum cerulopasmin(Cp) were assayed in patients with liver cirrhosis(LC) and hepatocarcinoma(HCC) with atomic absorption and other methods.

Significant Histologic Changes Are Not Rare in Treatment-naive Hepatitis B Patients with Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Level:A Meta-analysis

Background and Aims:Chronic hepatitis B is the main cause of liver cancer.However,the most neglected group has been treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with normal alanine aminotransferase(ALT).People have tended to subjectively assume that the liver lesions of these patients are not serious and do not need antiviral treatment.However,the truth is not as optimistic as we thought.We aimed in this study to analyze the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis in aforementioned patients.Methods:Medline,Embase,and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 10th 2020,to identify studies of these patients with liver biopsy.The double arcsine method was used with a random-effect model to combine the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis.Potential heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression.Outcome of interests included the proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis and cirrhosis.The secondary outcome was to find the risk factors of significant histological changes.Results:Nineteen eligible studies,with 2,771 participants,were included.The pooled proportion of significant inflammation or fibrosis was 35%[95%confidence interval(CI):27 to 43]and 30%(95%CI:25 to 36),respectively.The pooled proportion of cirrhosis was 3%[95%CI:1 to 5,(12 studies;1,755 participants)].In subgroup analysis,old age[vs.young(<40 years-old),44%vs.26%,p=0.012]was significantly associated with higher fibrosis stage as well as cirrhosis[vs.young(<40 years-old),4.8%vs.1.8%,p<0.001].Conclusions:About 1/3 of the treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients with normal ALT show significant histological changes,and some even have cirrhosis.

Effects of laser irradiation on Trichophyton rubrum growth and ultrastructure

Background Trichophyton rubrum （T. rubrum） is the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. In this study, we examined the effect of laser irradiation on the growth and morphology of T. rubrum. Methods Colonies of T. rubrum were isolated （one colony per plate）, and randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups： Q-switched 694 nm ruby laser treatment, long-pulsed Nd：YAG 1064 nm laser treatment, intense pulsed light （IPL） treatment, 308 nm excimer laser treatment and the blank control group without treatment. Standardized photographs were obtained from grown-up fungal plates prior to treatment. Colonies were then exposed to various wavelengths and fluences of laser light. To compare the growth of colonies, they were re-photographed under identical conditions three and six days post-treatment. To investigate the morphology of T. rubrum, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope （TEM） images were obtained from specimens exposed to 24 hours of laser treatment. Results Growth of T. rubrum colonies was significantly inhibited following irradiation by 694 nm Q-switched and 1064 nm long-pulsed Nd：YAG lasers. Other treatments exerted little or no effect. Q-switched laser irradiation exerted a stronger growth inhibitory effect than long-pulsed Nd：YAG laser irradiation. Following treatment by the Q-switched ruby laser system, T. rubrum hyphae became shrunken and deflated, and SEM images revealed rough, fractured hyphal surfaces, punctured with small destructive holes. TEM images showed that the hyphae were degenerating, as evidenced by the irregular shape of hyphae, rough and loose cell wall, and obscure cytoplasmic texture. Initially high electron density structure was visible in the cell; later, low-density structure appeared as a result of cytoplasmic dissolution. In contrast, the blank control group showed no obvious changes in morphology.

Dynamic Changes of the Bush Encroachment in Low Altitude Area of Ethiopia

Bush encroachment is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, and it has a serious impact on livestock production, especially in Africa where livestock is a primary source for the livelihoods of many people. In this study, methods of supervised classification and decision tree classification, and indexes of a land use change significance index（Ci） and a single land use dynamic degree, were applied to remote sensing imagery of Ethiopia for 1986–2016. The results show the dynamic characteristics of grassland bush encroachment in low altitude areas（pastures 1500 m above sea level） of Ethiopia in the 30 year period studied. The results revealed several interesting features of this phenomenon.（1） The area of bush encroachment showed an increasing trend, with a maximum of 3.74×10^3 km^2 in 2003, which represented 68.97% of the total area, and declined slightly from 2003~2016.（2） Among classification types, the area of severe shrub grassland was the largest, accounting for 28.36–49.10% of the total area, while the area of moderate bush encroachment accounted for 9.77–16.68%, and slight bush encroachment accounted for 5.52–7.57%.（3） The expansion rate of shrubby grassland was 0.74% for the 30 year period, while the average annual expansion rate was 2.16% for the 8 years from 1995–2003.（4） Forest land and grassland were the two main land use types of shrub grassland transformation in low altitude areas and bush encroachment changed large amounts of forest land into grassland due to shrub grassland management. The results of this study provide basic data for revealing the impacts of development processes on subsequent bush encroachment and can inform better management for the sustainable development of grasslands in low altitude systems.

A Significant Change

With the shift to full participation in UN peacekeeping missions,China’s role in the international community is