Reaction Degree of Silica Fume and Its Effect on Compressive Strength of Cement-silica Fume Blends

The compressive strength of the cement-silica fume blends with 5mass%, 10mass%, 20mass% and 30mass% of silica fume and water to binder ratio of 0.28, 0.32 and 0.36 from three days to ninety days were investigated. The reaction degree of silica fume was calculated from the Q4 silica tetrahedron, which was used as a probe obtained from 29 Si solid state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The fl at of compressive strength after 28 days disappeared for blended cement with inereasing reaction degree of silica fume. The compressive strength of the blended cement pastes approached that of P.I. cement pastes after 56 days and exceeded that after 90 days. The addition of silica fume and the w/b ratio of blends are both critical to the reaction degree of silica fume. The appropriate addition of silica fume, high silica fume reaction degree and low w/b ratio are benefi cial to the compressive strength of the cement-silica fume blends.

Effect of Silica Fume on Compressive Strength of Oil-Polluted Concrete in Different Marine Environments

In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was assumed to be constant and equal to 2% of the sand weight. Silica fume accounting for 10%, 15% and 20% of the weight is added to the designed mixture. After preparation and curing, concrete specimens were placed into the three different conditions： fresh, brackish and saltwater environments （submerged in fresh water, alternation of exposed in air ＆ submerged in sea water and submerged in sea water）. The result of compressive strength tests shows that the compressive strength of the specimens consisting of silica fume increases significantly in comparison with the control specimens in all three environments. The compressive strength of the concrete with 15% silica fume content was about 30% to 50% higher than that of control specimens in all tested environments under the condition of using polluted aggregates in the designed mixture.

Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.

Replacement of alkali silicate solution with silica fume in metakaolin-based geopolymers

A metakaolin(Mk)-based geopolymer cement from Tunisian Mk mixed with different amounts of silica fume(SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio varying between 3.61 and 4.09) and sodium hydroxide(10M) and without any alkali silicate solution, is developed in this work. After the samples were cured at room temperature under air for 28 d, they were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, ^(27)Al and ^(29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy, and compression testing to establish the relationship between microstructure and compressive strength. The XRD, FTIR, and ^(27)Al and ^(29)Si NMR analyses showed that the use of silica fume instead of alkali silicate solutions was feasible for manufacturing geopolymer cement. The Mk-based geopolymer with a silica fume content of 6 wt%(compared with those with 2% and 10%), corresponding to an SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio of 3.84, resulted in the highest compressive strength, which was explained on the basis of its high compactness with the smallest porosity. Silica fume improved the compressive strength by filling interstitial voids of the microstructure because of its fine particle size. In addition, an increase in the SiO_2/Al_2O_3 molar ratio, which is controlled by the addition of silica fume, to 4.09 led to a geopolymer with low compressive strength, accompanied by microstructures with high porosity. This high porosity, which is responsible for weaknesses in the specimen, is related to the amount of unreacted silica fume.

THE PROPERTIES OF SILICA FUME-MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT MATERIALS

The properties of a new magnesium Oxychloride cement (MOC) material formed by silica fume uniformly mix in MOC paste was presents. The influence of silica fume on the water resistance and compressive strength of MOC paste was invesigated in this study. It is shown that when 30 weight percent of silica fume is added to the MOC paste, a high strength and water resisting new material with 112MPa compressive strength and 1 00 water resisting coefficient could by obtained.

Enhancing Concrete Properties Using Silica Fume:Optimized Mix Design

In the current work concrete mixes containing(7.0-33.11)weight%silica fume as fractional substitution of cement with water/cement ratio(0.42-0.48)were formulated conferring to an implemented two factorial central composite design.The samples were water cured for 7,28,56,and 90 days.The samples were tested for compressive strength and density.The experimental results approved that compressive strength and density increase with age and with rising silica fume content up to 11.9 wt.%.Response surface analysis results for samples cured for 28 days confirmed that silica fume concrete with developed compressive strength(53.42 MPa)could be prepared by incorporation of 11.9 wt.%silica fume as a substituent for cement using a 0.42 water/cement ratio.An intensification in compressive strength and density(up to 39.3%and 2.6%)respectively was recorded for silica fume concrete mixes in contrast to Portland cement concrete.Overall,the research findings revealed that silica fume concretes prepared with appropriate silica fume content and water/cement ratio exhibited superior strength and density features candidate them to be used effectively in civil engineering structural applications.

Utilization of Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) with Silica Fume (SF) as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Production

This research aimed to clarify the role of by-product materials, such as CKD with SF as partial replacement by weight of cement in concrete manufacturing and inclusion on different characteristics of concrete. Concrete test specimens were mixed with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% (CKD) with 15% (SF) as partial replacement by weight of Cement (CEM I-52.5N). Fresh concrete properties have been evaluated by workability measurement slump test. While hardened concrete properties have been evaluated by compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths tests at ages 7, 28 and 56 days, but evaluated for bond strength, modulus of elasticity and chemical composition measurement with X-Ray Fluorescence at age of 28 days. The test results have revealed that the increase of CKD amount with fixed amount of SF in concrete mixtures as partial replacement by weight of cement leads to gradual decrease of fresh concrete workability. In concrete mixtures, 20% CKD in the presence of 15% SF as partial replacement by the weight of cement are the optimum ratios which can be used without any negative effect on mechanical properties compressive, indirect tensile, flexural and bond strength at all the ages of concrete. Also modulus of elasticity and bond strength increased by 8.81% and 0.69% respectively at the age 28 days compared with control mixture.

Effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete

The effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete （SCGC） was investigated in this paper. The work focused on the concrete mixes with a fixed water-to-geopolymer solid （W/Gs） ratio of 0.33 by mass and a constant total binder content of 400 kg/m3. The mass fractions of silica fume that replaced fly ash in this research were 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt%. The workability-related fresh properties of SCGC were assessed through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test methods. Hardened concrete tests were limited to compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, all of which were measured at the age of 1, 7, and 28 d after 48-h oven curing. The results indicate that the addition of silica fume as a partial replacement of fly ash results in the loss of workability; nevertheless, the mechanical properties of hardened SCGC are significantly improved by incorporating silica fume, especially up to 10wt%. Applying this percentage of silica fume results in 4.3% reduction in the slump flow; however, it increases the compressive strength by 6.9%, tensile strength by 12.8% and flexural strength by 11.5%.

Comparison of High Performance Fly Ash Concrete Using Nano Silica Fume on Different Mixes

This paper investigates the experimental results on the effect of nano silica fume on compressive strength development of concretes containing high volume fly ash (HVFA). The effect of various silica fumes contents such as 1%, 2% & 3% (wt. %) as partial replacement of cement on the compressive strength of cements is evaluated in the first part. The nano silica fume content which exhibits the highest compressive strength above is used in high volume fly ash concretes containing 30% and 50% class F fly ash. The results show that among three different silica fumes contents, the addition of 1% increases the compressive strength of concretes. The addition of 1% silica fume also increases the early age and 28 days compressive strengths of HVFA concretes.

硅灰及矿渣粉对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆力学性能的影响及机理研究

以硅灰和矿渣粉(GGBS)为辅助胶凝材料,使用聚羧酸高性能减水剂,分别研究了硅灰和GGBS对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆抗压强度的影响。通过压汞测试(MIP)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对制备试件的孔结构、微观产物、物相组成进行分析,得到了硅灰和GGBS影响大掺量粉煤灰砂浆强度的机理。结果表明:单掺硅灰的大掺量粉煤灰砂浆的抗压强度随着硅灰含量增加先增大后减小,单掺GGBS的规律与硅灰类似;复掺硅灰和矿渣时,砂浆的强度较其他同龄期组均有一定的提高,二者表现出良好的协同作用;无论是单掺还是复掺,硅灰和GGBS都对大掺量粉煤灰砂浆强度有良好的提升作用。砂浆试件总孔隙率和大孔占比与抗压强度总体呈负相关,强度越高的砂浆试件微观结构越致密,但相比于总孔隙率,毛细孔和大孔占比表现出与抗压强度更好的相关性。当硅灰和GGBS质量分数分别为8%和6%时,砂浆28 d强度最大,为88.05 MPa。

硅灰热焊接改性塑料颗粒对砂浆抗压强度与微结构的影响

为解决塑料憎水表面所导致的塑料砂浆抗压强度较低的问题,本文利用废弃聚丙烯(PP)塑料的热塑性,通过热焊接工艺将硅灰焊接于PP表面,制备硅灰@塑料颗粒复合颗粒(SF@PP),并对复合颗粒的亲水性和火山灰活性进行测试。结果表明,硅灰热焊接改性显著改善了PP的亲水性并提高了其火山灰活性,促进了水化产物的界面沉积,界面密实度提升。相应地,塑料砂浆的孔隙率明显降低,抗压强度显著提升,提升幅度为26.07%~31.04%。研究结果有利于高效利用废弃塑料,并为高性能塑料砂浆的制备提供依据。

低温环境下硅灰对掺无碱速凝剂水泥砂浆抗压强度和抗渗性的影响

低温环境会影响隧道喷射混凝土早期性能的发展。本文研究了低温环境下硅灰对掺无碱速凝剂水泥砂浆流动性、抗压强度和抗渗性的影响,并采用XRD、TG-DTG和MIP分析了水化产物和孔结构的变化。结果表明:低温下硅灰显著提高了砂浆的1 d抗压强度,增幅超过300.0%;添加5%(质量分数)的硅灰能小幅增强28 d抗压强度,增幅达4.7%。此外,砂浆的抗渗性随着硅灰掺量的增加而提升,当添加的硅灰超过10%时,砂浆抗渗能力明显增强。在低温环境下,硅灰可以发挥火山灰效应和微填充效应,使多害孔朝少害孔方向转化,细化孔结构,使浆体结构更加密实,从而提高砂浆的抗压强度和抗渗性。

掺合料对陶粒泡沫混凝土流动性及强度影响

陶粒泡沫混凝土在浇筑时振捣容易引起陶粒上浮,气泡逃逸、破灭,形成蜂窝麻面。为了改善陶粒泡沫混凝土制备工艺,提高混凝土表面平整度和强度,扩大其应用范围,进行大流动性陶粒泡沫混凝土的制备,研究3种不同矿物掺合料取代率对混凝土流动性和强度的影响。结果表明:掺入矿物掺合料后制备的混凝土流动性好,不离析泌水,试块表面无蜂窝,强度性能优异;试块的破坏形式与普通混凝土类似;粉煤灰、矿粉、硅灰均对强度有提升,效果与其粒径大小和火山灰活性成正相关,硅灰的提升效果最佳,矿粉次之。

硅灰对磷酸镁水泥基注浆材料早期力学性能及微观结构的影响

利用硅灰作为矿物掺合料,研究硅灰对磷酸镁水泥基注浆材料(MPCG)早期力学性能及微观结构的影响。结果表明,MPCG的主要水化产物为K型鸟粪石(KMgPO4·6H2O),掺6%硅灰能减少基体内微裂纹的产生,使MPCG基体更致密,从而提高MPCG的早期抗压强度和耐水性,此时,在空气中养护7 d的抗压强度达到11.7 MPa。

基于正交试验的矿物掺合料透水混凝土性能研究

在透水混凝土中掺入硅灰和矿粉,设计了四因素四水平正交试验,采用极差法分析了目标孔隙率、水胶比、硅灰掺量、矿粉掺量对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能的影响,并对其微观形貌进行了分析。结果表明:各因素对透水混凝土抗压强度和透水性能影响的大小顺序为目标孔隙率>水胶比>硅灰掺量>矿粉掺量;透水混凝土的抗压强度和透水系数之间呈负相关关系;微观分析发现,未掺硅灰、矿粉的透水混凝土微观结构存在明显孔洞,硅灰或矿粉的掺入可以对孔洞进行有效填充,在一定程度上减少了孔隙数量,可改善透水混凝土的综合性能。

养护条件对CA砂浆微观结构及强度的影响规律

为探究养护条件对水泥乳化沥青砂浆微观结构及抗压强度的影响规律,设置了干养((25±2)℃,湿度(65±5)%)与湿养((25±2)℃,湿度(90±5)%)2种不同的养护条件,通过抗压强度试验、环境扫描电镜(SEM)、低场核磁共振(NMR)对不同养护条件下的CA砂浆抗压强度、微观形貌、孔隙结构进行了测试。研究结果表明:干养状态下的CA砂浆在各龄期下抗压强度均显著高于湿养状态下的CA砂浆;微观结构测试结果显示养护条件造成的湿度差异以及沥青的综合作用显著影响了CA砂浆的水化过程,在干养的CA砂浆中形成了独特的有机-无机互穿蜂窝结构,使其在较大的孔隙率下,仍能获得较高的抗压强度。因此在实际的工程中,应尽量避免在潮湿的环境下浇筑CA砂浆,以提高成型后CA砂浆的抗压强度。

硅灰对高炉镍铁渣粉水泥土性能影响机制研究

高炉镍铁渣粉是一种前期火山灰活性较低的绿色可持续新型建筑材料。本文探讨了外掺硅灰对高炉镍铁渣粉水泥土无侧限抗压强度的影响规律,分析高炉镍铁渣粉和硅灰替代率对其无侧限抗压强度和破坏模式的影响。结合扫描电子显微镜(Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)和X-射线衍射仪(X-ray Diffractometer, XRD)揭示硅灰对高炉镍铁渣粉水泥土性能影响机制。研究结果表明:在一定范围内,高炉镍铁渣粉水泥土的强度随硅灰掺量的增加而提升,归因于硅灰促进水泥水化反应以及硅灰发生二次火山灰反应生成C-S-H凝胶包裹土颗粒表面,未发生水化反应的颗粒减少,凝胶将土壤颗粒、高炉镍铁渣粉颗粒和小硅球等共同构建“网络状”空间骨架填充在大土壤颗粒之间,进一步提升了水泥土的密实性与强度,硅灰的最佳掺量为10%。硅灰掺量高会消耗大量Ca(OH)_(2),影响硅灰发生二次火山灰反应,特别是掺量增加至30%时,水泥土强度降低3.6%。

低掺量硅灰对水泥基材料性能的影响

硅灰在UHPC等水泥基材料中的应用较为广泛,但由于其成本较高,在中低强度混凝土中的使用受到限制,因此本文研究了低掺量硅灰对水泥基材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着硅灰掺量的增加,砂浆的流动度先增大后减小,当硅灰掺量为3%时,砂浆的流动度最大;砂浆的抗压强度随着硅灰掺量的增加而增加,当硅灰掺量为5%时,砂浆的3、28 d抗压强度分别较空白组提升了13.89%、12.16%;砂浆的吸水率随着硅灰掺量的增加呈降低的趋势,当硅灰掺量为5%时,在水中浸泡72 h后,砂浆的吸水率下降了14.31%。综上,当硅灰掺量不大于5%时,其对水泥基材料的性能有明显的提升作用,为硅灰的广泛使用提供了理论指导。

Probing the hydration of composite cement pastes containing fly ash and silica fume by proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation

Proton NMR spin-lattice relaxation (T1) was used as a prober for observing the hydration process of composite cement pastes blending fly ash and silica fume during the early age.The distribution at initial time,evolution curves and signals intensity of T1 were shown in this paper.Results demonstrate that the T1 distribution curves at initial time exhibit two peaks,which are regarded as two different water phases in the pastes.The evolution curves of T1 are in good agreement with the hydration process of composite pastes and could be roughly divided into four stages:initial period,dormant period,acceleration period and steady period.The hydration mechanism for each stage was discussed.The hydration of the composite cement pastes was retarded by the addition of fly ash and silica fume when compared to that of pure cement.However,the hydration degree of the cement in the blends was promoted.

硅灰对再生混凝土界面过渡区的影响

为改善再生混凝土的力学和耐久性能,以硅灰为增强材料对再生混凝土进行改良。研究了硅灰对再生混凝土3 d、28 d、90 d抗压强度和28 d、90 d抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结合扫描电镜、显微硬度等微观观测手段,分析了28 d再生混凝土试样微观结构和性能变化。采用压汞法测试了再生混凝土的孔结构参数,探究硅灰对再生混凝土孔隙性能的影响。结果表明:硅灰可以提升再生混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能,随掺量的增加提升效果先增后减;掺入硅灰可以改善再生混凝土多重界面过渡区结构,增加界面过渡区(ITZ)显微硬度,降低孔隙率。再生混凝土内部存在较多有害孔隙,硅灰可以细化孔隙结构,降低孔隙率,掺量为6%时效果最佳。