Matching Dyeing and Properties of Silk Fabrics with Natural Edible Pigments

The silk fabrics were matching dyed with three natural edible pigments(red rice red,ginger yellow and gardenia blue).By investigating the dyeing rates and lifting properties of these pigments,it was observed that their compatibilities were excellent in the dyeing process:dye dosage 2.5%(omf),mordant alum dosage 2.0%(omf),dyeing temperature 80℃and dyeing time 40 min.The silk fabrics dyed with secondary colors exhibited vibrant and vivid color owing to the remarkable lightness and chroma of ginger yellow.However,gardenia blue exhibited multiple absorption peaks in the visible light range,resulting in significantly lower lightness and chroma for the silk fabrics dyed with tertiary colors,thus making it suitable only for matte-colored fabrics with low chroma levels.In addition,the silk fabrics dyed with these three pigments had a color fastness that exceeded grade 3 in resistance to perspiration,soap washing and light exposure,indicating acceptable wearing properties.The dyeing process described in this research exhibited a wide range of potential applications in matching dyeing of protein-based textiles with natural colorants.

The Relationship between the Mechanical Properties of Pure Silk Fabrics and Dress Performance

In this paper, the relationship between mechanical properties of 30 pieces of pure silk fabrics and the dress performance has been analyzed. With the methods of multifactor linear step regression and discrimination analysis, the judgment and prediction model of the performance have been established.

Sterilization of mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics by an atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The sterilization of the simulated unearthed silk fabrics using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet（APPJ） system employing Ar/O2 or He/O2 plasma to inactivate the mycete attached on the silk fabrics is reported. The effects of the APPJ characteristics（particularly the gas type and discharge power） on the fabric strength, physical-chemical structures,and sterilizing efficiency were investigated. Experimental results showed that the Ar/O2 APPJ plasma can inactivate the mycete completely within 4.0 min under a discharge power of 50.0 W. Such an APPJ treatment had negligible impact on the mechanical strength of the fabric and the surface chemical characteristics. Moreover, the Ar ions, O and OH radicals were shown to play important roles on the sterilization of the mycete attached on the unearthed silk fabrics.

MONITOR AND CONTROL OF THE DEGUMMING PROCESS FOR SILK FABRICS

In the paper the monitor and control methods of silk fabrics degumming process havebeen discussed which arethe pH value of degumming bath, the degumming loss percentage and the supplemen-tary amounts of degumming assistants etc.The investigation was shown that method is exact to measure the PH value of degum-ming bath by the heat resistant 305-2 type lithium glass electrode and the 232 type calomelelectrode through the saturated polassium chloride salt bridge at the degumming tempera-ture, the method can be avoided the errors in the conventional measurements.From the theoretical calculate of the alkaline expense, including the absorbed alkali ofraw silk fabric, G1;the alkali carried away by fabric, G2;the consumptive alkali by belach-ing agent, G3 etc. According to practical produce, the empirical formula has been estab-lished for determination of the addittional amounts of degumming assistants, G, at the con-tinuous produce:G=1.28(G1+G2+G3)(g/kg fabric)

An Experimental Investigation to Examine the Wicking Properties of Silk Fabrics

In this research, the wicking characteristics of fabrics were used as an essential and effective indicator to investigate the satisfaction of heat and moisture. Due to the popularization of silk fabrics recently it has become an interesting topic to know about the wicking behavior of silk fabrics in water. The absorptive capability of the silk textile makes clothing comfortable even for a hotter environment. Silk fabrics are comfortable in the summer, and warm in the winter. Silk fabric can usually contain about 11 percent of its weight in moisture but the range varies from 10% to as much as 30%. In this paper, the wicking behavior of silk fabric in both warp and weft directions was investigated in terms of wicking height, wicking rate, mass increase distribution per centimeter of wicking height, the velocity of wicking height, and durability of wicking height after removal of the wicking liquid reservoir. The experimental results show that the wicking height in both the warp and weft directions had a good correlation with the time. The wicking rate was comparable in both weft and warp directions, but at the start of the wicking phase, weft direction wicking was quicker than warp direction. The mass increase in fabric per centimeter of wicking height was inversely proportional to wicking height. The mass of moisture carried in the fabric did not significantly differ in the direction of the weft and warp.

ESR signals from silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays

ESR studies were done on UV-ray irradiated silk fabric samples at room temperature. Different types of UV lamps were used and similar ESR signals were observed. The results indicate that UV-rays can produce free radicals for graft-copolymerization of monomer onto silk fibers without external additives or co additives, Also, radicals in silk fabrics irradiated by UV-rays are purer than that irradiated by γ-rays. The study suggests that UV-lights may be a better tool to improve properties of silk fabrics by grafting monomers onto the polymer chains.

Properties of radicals created by γ-ray irradiation of silk fabrics

The propoerties of radicals fromγ-ray irradiated silk fabrics were studied by electron spin resonance method(ESR).The ESR spectra of silk fabrics irradiated in N2 showed a doublet at room temperature,The doublet became a singlet at g=2.0057 after placing the sample in air for 24 hours.This can be explained by formation of peroxide radicals.The radical concentration of the irradiated silk fabric and the decay rate of radicals are significantly affected by irradiation conditions.which include the absorbed dose.atmosphere,and water content of the silk fabric samples.However,no dose rate effect on the radical concentration was observed.The results are of help in our practice of property modification of silk products by radiation graft copolymerization.

The Recognition of Silk Fabric Defects Based on Biorthogonal Wavelet Analysis and SOM Neural Network

A feasible approach for the recognition of silk fabric defects based on wavelet transform and SOM neural network is proposed in this paper, the indispensable processes of which are defect images denoising and enhancement, image edge detection, feature extraction and defects identification. Both geometrical and textmal feature parmnete~ are extracted from the edge image and the enhanced defect image, and utilize SOM neural network to recognize the common defects which silk fabrics have, including warplacking, weft-lacking, double weft, loom bars, oil-stains. Experimental resets show the advantages with high identification correctness and high inspection speed.

Graft Modification of N,N'-methylene- bisacrylamide onto Silk in the Presence of Air

The graft modification of N, N'-methylene-bisacrylamide (NNMBAA) onto silk using eerie ammonium sulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate and 2, 2-azobis (isobutyronitrile) as the initiators has been studied in the presence of air. To establish reaction conditions for the graft modification of NNMBAA onto silk, the effect of different variables such as the initiator concentration, monomer concentration, acetic acid concentration, time of polymerization, reaction temperature and liquor ratio (fabric: liq.) have been studied. The optimum grafting conditions were found. As evidence of grafting, analyses of amino acid composition and alkali solubility have been carried out. Grafting caused changes in amino acid composition and alkali solubility of silk. The observation has been explained in relation to structural changes in the grafted silk.

Mechanical Properties of Small-diameter Superfine Silk Powder/Polyurethane Vascular Graft Reinforced by Tubular Knitted Fabric

In this paper,a kind of composite microtube,which is made from superfine silk powder and polyurethane,reinforced by polyster and spandex tubular fabrics,was examined.The cross-section of composite microtubes were microporous,and micropores were uniform distributed,the inner surface was relatively smooth.The results showed that the wall thickness of composite microtubes increased,which led to the strength,the breaking work and the initial modulus incresead;that the spandex content increased brought about the initial modulus and the breaking work decreased,but the breaking extension and the breaking load were firstly increased and then decreased;and all the mechanical properties decreased as the SFSP content increased.

ON CRAFT OF SILK “KNITTING” CORDS OF WARRING STATES PERIOD IN JIANGLING

Seven pieces of silk braids excavated from Chu Tomb No.1 at M ashan in Jiangling are thoughtto belong to the knitting fabric.Their structures are double-stitched type,with a lining silk on theback side to fix the knitted threads;besides the traverse linking structure,there are alsomulti-structures by single jersey combined with traverse linking,the excavators declared.The au-thor of this paper believes that those cords can be classified as some intermediary between theknitwear and the needlework.They have the structure similar to certain kinds of knitting,crochetand embroidery,and can be duplicated through two different methods.The differences and similar-ities between these cords and the traditional hand-knitting or embroidery,as well as their originsare discussed.Photographs of the relic and the duplication are presented.

THE EFFECTS OF PLASMA-INDUCED GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION WITH ACRYLIC ACID ON THE STRUCTURE AND DYEING PROPERTIES OF MULBERRY SILK

The effects of plasma-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc) on the structure and dyeing properties of mulberry silk are investigated. Through the transmission infrared spectroscopy(IR) , attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) studies, changes of the surface structure and composition are observed. The results show that plasma-induced graft copolymerization has a different meehanism from that of chemical graft copolymerization. The plasma graft copolymerization brings AAc branch polymers into the surface of silk through the initiation of some kinds of oxygen and nitrogen groups created by plasma. That is just the reason that the dyeing ability and color fastness of plasma-grafted silk for cationic dyestuff increase and its mechanical properties have not been changed significantly.

RESEARCH ON THE PROPERTY AND DESIGN OF THE BULK SILK

Bulk silk is one of the natural materials which has special appearance and property.Thedevelopment of the fabrics which can fully reflect the speciality of the bulk silk is benefit tothe spread of this new silk. The properties of bulk silk fabric and the differences between the bulk and ordinary silkfabrics are disccused in this paper.It has been found that the bulk silk fabric is full. plumpyand resilicnt. Accoring to the results of experiement and analysis.the main points of designare put forwarnd for bulk woven fabrics.

The effect of atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment on the dyeing properties of silk fabric

In this study,the effects of plasma treatment parameters on surface morphology,chemical constituent,dycabiliiy and color fastness of silk fabric were investigated.Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma generated with different applied voltages(0 kV to 45 kV)was used to treat the surface of silk fabrics.C I Natural Yellow 3 was used to dye untreated and plasma-treated silk fabrics.The physical analysis based on scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of silk fabrics was affected by plasma treatment.The chemical analysis was investigated with x-ray photi>elcctron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that the content of C Is decreased with the increasing applied voltage,the content of N Is and O Is increased with the increasing applied voltage.The increasing K/S values represented that the dyeability of silk fabrics was improved after plasma treatment.The color fastness to dry and wet rubbing was decreased after plasma treatment.

Sub-Millimeter-Wave Transmission of Silk Fabric

Millimeter wave technology is one of the technologies developed rapidly in recent years. The research was mainly to study the transmission of millimeter wave through textile material named silk fabric. We observed the phenomenon of sub-millimeter-wave transmission and reflection of the silk fabric, and concluded that with the number of silk fabric layers increasing, effect of scattering and absorption of the millimeter wave enhanced. The conclusion could be further employed in millimeter wave and THz imaging, dangerous goods inspection and other security application.

Influence of Dilative Technology on Thickness and Fullness of Tussah Silk's Fiber and Fabric

In this paper, study objects are raw and dilative tussah silk. By means of measuring and analyzing the fiber's diameter, linear density, diameter coefficient, thickness and fullness, this paper focuses on the influence of dilative technology on tussah silk's fiber and fabric. The results include the following three aspects: the diameter coefficient of dilative tussah silk fiber is increased by 10.35%, dilative tussah heather silk is thicker and fabric fullness is improved by 9%.

SILK——ITS PRESENT AND FUTURE

1 IutroductionSilk originates in China and is the only natural fibre that is hundreds of meters long.The technology of sericulture and reeling spread to Europe through the “Silk Road”about2000 years ago. An archaeological excavation in Hubei province, China had proved that theadvanced technology of weaving silk fabries in fine quality was successfully establishedmore than 2300 years ago.

Applications of silk-based biomaterials in biomedicine and biotechnology

Silk-based biomaterials have gained significant importance making them a promising choice for the future of med-ical technology due to their versatility and biocompatibility.They can be fabricated and tailored through various processing methods such as electrospinning,freeze-drying,and 3D printing,to achieve specific properties and structures namely sponges,hydrogels,films,and scaffolds that can be utilized for different biomedical applica-tions.Biocompatibility,a unique property of silk-based biomaterials,has been demonstrated through both in vivo and in vitro studies and to date many studies have reported the successful use of these silk-based biomaterials in different fields of medicine.In this review,we have elaborately discussed different types of silk,their structural composition,and biophysical properties.Also,the current review focuses on highlighting various biomedical ap-plications of engineered and fabricated silk-based biomaterials which aid in the treatment of certain infections and diseases related to skin,eyes,teeth,bone,heart,nerves,and liver.Furthermore,we have consolidated the advancements of silk-based biomaterials in the different fields of biotechnology such as sensors,food coating and packaging,textiles,drug delivery,and cosmetics.However,the research in this field continues to expand and more significant observations must be generated with feasible results for their reliable use in different biomedical applications.

真丝织物的植物染料染色

采用植物红和植物蓝染料对真丝织物进行直接染色,探讨了染液浓度、染色pH、染色温度、染色时间、元明粉用量、固色剂用量对真丝织物染色效果的影响。通过正交试验得到的最佳染色工艺为:植物红染料质量分数1.00%(omf),染液pH为3,染色温度90℃,染色时间40 min,元明粉质量浓度5 g/L,固色剂质量分数1%;植物蓝染料质量分数1.00%(omf),染液pH为7,染色温度90℃,染色时间55 min,元明粉质量浓度5 g/L,固色剂质量分数1%。染色织物具有较好的耐皂洗色牢度、耐摩擦色牢度和耐汗渍色牢度,基本达到3~4级以上。

针织服装悬垂型褶裥的造型方法解析

近年来悬垂型褶裥在服装尤其是针织服装设计中应用广泛,成为时尚元素之一。文中分析悬垂型褶裥在针织服装上的设计应用与理论研究现状、悬垂型褶裥的分类和个性特点,以及针织面料对悬垂型褶裥的适用性。从应用方式和设计方法两个方面,探讨悬垂型褶裥在针织服装上的主要表现形式,归纳针织服装上悬垂型褶裥的各类造型技术方法。该研究可为针织面料特性的有效利用和针织服装的创新设计提供思路和参考。