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A Non-parametric Gradient-Based Shape Optimization Approach for Solving Inverse Problems in Directed Self-Assemblyof Block Copolymers
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作者 Daniil Bochkov Frederic Gibou 《Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation》 EI 2024年第2期1472-1489,共18页
We consider the inverse problem of finding guiding pattern shapes that result in desired self-assembly morphologies of block copolymer melts.Specifically,we model polymer selfassembly using the self-consistent field t... We consider the inverse problem of finding guiding pattern shapes that result in desired self-assembly morphologies of block copolymer melts.Specifically,we model polymer selfassembly using the self-consistent field theory and derive,in a non-parametric setting,the sensitivity of the dissimilarity between the desired and the actual morphologies to arbitrary perturbations in the guiding pattern shape.The sensitivity is then used for the optimization of the confining pattern shapes such that the dissimilarity between the desired and the actual morphologies is minimized.The efficiency and robustness of the proposed gradient-based algorithm are demonstrated in a number of examples related to templating vertical interconnect accesses(VIA). 展开更多
关键词 Block copolymers Directed self-assembly Inverse design Shape optimization Vertical interconnect accesses(VIA)
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Advancements in Polymer Science: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications of Homopolymers and Copolymers
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作者 Anaif M. Alhewaitey Ishrat Khan Emmanuel Ramsey Buabeng 《Open Journal of Polymer Chemistry》 2024年第3期167-198,共32页
Polymer science encompasses a different range of materials critical to industries spanning from packaging to biomedicine. Understanding the synthesis, characterization, and applications of common homopolymers and copo... Polymer science encompasses a different range of materials critical to industries spanning from packaging to biomedicine. Understanding the synthesis, characterization, and applications of common homopolymers and copolymers is fundamental to advancing polymer research and development. In this comprehensive review, we explore various preparation methods, including free radical, anionic, and cationic polymerization, utilized for synthesizing homopolymers and copolymers. Furthermore, we investigate solvent choices commonly employed for polymer characterization, ranging from neat conditions, polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. We also explored characterization techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In addition to industrial applications, we highlight the diverse biological applications of homopolymers, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) and polystyrene, which find its extensive use in biomedicine. By synthesizing and analyzing this wealth of information, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the synthesis, characterization, and applications of homopolymers and copolymers, with a particular focus on their biological applications. This holistic approach not only contributes to advancements in polymer science and technology but also fosters innovation in biomedicine, ultimately benefiting human health and well-being. 展开更多
关键词 HOMOPOLYMER copolymER Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) Polystyrene Free Radical Polymerization Atomic Force Microscopy Solvent Polarity
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Research on the Marine Antifouling Ability and Mechanism of Acrylate Copolymers and Marine Coatings Based on a Synergistic Effect
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作者 ZHOU Wenjun ZHOU Yu +4 位作者 NI Chunhua YU Liangmin YUAN Zhengjun LI Changcheng YAN Xuefeng 《Journal of Ocean University of China》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第3期717-727,共11页
Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc ox... Marine biofouling is an urgent global problem in the process of ocean exploitation and utilization.In our work,a series of zinc-based acrylate copolymers(ACZn-x)were designed and synthesized using benzoic acid,zinc oxide(ZnO)and a random quaternion copolymer consisting of ethyl acrylate(EA),butyl acrylate(BA),acrylic acid(AA)and methacrylic acid(MAA)by free radical polymerization and dehydration condensation.The ACZn-x with a zinc benzoate side chain is able to hydrolyze in natural seawater under static conditions,resulting in the formation of a smooth surface.We investigated and confirmed the antifouling(AF)behavior of ACZn-x in the laboratory and revealed that they have better antibacterial(86%for S.aureus and 72%for E.coli)and anti-algal(≥60.1%for N.closterium and≥67.5%for P.subcordiformis)activities.We also assessed the marine AF properties of ACZn-x and corresponding coatings in Qingdao,China;the ACZn-x exhibited ideal AF properties with little silt and biological mucosa adhered to the ACZn-x surface after 6 months,and corresponding coatings exhibited little biofouling after 16 months in the ocean.Importantly,possible AF mechanisms were further proposed at the cellular level.These results could be helpful for the development and application of effective AF coatings. 展开更多
关键词 zinc-based acrylate copolymer self-polishing marine antifouling MECHANISM
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Highly efficient organic solar cells with improved stability enabled by ternary copolymers with antioxidant side chains
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作者 Ao Song Qiri Huang +5 位作者 Chunyang Zhang Haoran Tang Kai Zhang Chunchen Liu Fei Huang Yong Cao 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2023年第8期48-56,共9页
The stability of organic solar cells(OSCs)remains a major concern for their ultimate industrialization due to the photo,oxygen,and water susceptibility of organic photoactive materials.Usually,antioxidant additives ar... The stability of organic solar cells(OSCs)remains a major concern for their ultimate industrialization due to the photo,oxygen,and water susceptibility of organic photoactive materials.Usually,antioxidant additives are blended as radical scavengers into the active layer.However,it will induce the intrinsic morphology instability and adversely affect the efficiency and long-term stability.Herein,the antioxidant dibutylhydroxytoluene(BHT)group has been covalently linked onto the side chain of benzothiadiazole(BT)unit,and a series of ternary copolymers D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.2)with varied ratio of BHT-containing side chains have been synthesized.It was found that the introduction of BHT side chains would have a negligible effect on the photophysical properties and electronic levels,and the D18-Cl-BTBHT0.05:Y6-based OSC achieved the highest power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 17.6%,which is higher than those based active layer blended with BHT additives.More importantly,the unencapsulated device based on D18-Cl-BTBHTx(x=0.05,0.1,0.2)retained approximately 50%of the initial PCE over 30 hours operation under ambient conditions,significantly outperforming the control device based on D18-Cl(90%degradation in PCE after 30 h).This work provides a new structural design strategy of copolymers for OSCs with simultaneously improved efficiency and stability. 展开更多
关键词 organic solar cells ternary copolymers antioxidant side chain PHOTOSTABILITY
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Hybrid anionic block copolymerization:From organocatalysis-streamlined crossover to internally microphase-separated aggregates
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作者 Lijun Liu Heng Li +3 位作者 Pengfei Zhang Yubo Zhou Junpeng Zhao Guangzhao Zhang 《Aggregate》 EI CAS 2024年第4期226-235,共10页
Polyolefin-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)represents the most widely investigated amphiphilic block copolymers.So far,one-pot continuous synthesis of such hybrid block copolymers has only been fulfilled by anionic polymeriz... Polyolefin-b-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)represents the most widely investigated amphiphilic block copolymers.So far,one-pot continuous synthesis of such hybrid block copolymers has only been fulfilled by anionic polymerization through sequen-tial addition of vinyl monomers and ethylene oxide(EO).It still remains challenging to achieve altogether high block efficiency,high polymerization efficiency,and high molar mass for PEO.Here,we report a one-pot hybrid block copolymerization approach to polyisoprene/polystyrene(PI/PS)-b-PEO,in which PI/PS are formed by sBuLi-initiated anionic vinyl-addition polymerization,then in situ employed as macroinitiators for the anionic ring-opening polymerization(ROP)of EO aided by an organic Lewis pair.The cooperative(dual-ion-complexing)catalytic effect of organobase and triethylborane is proven,for thefirst time,effective for lithium alkoxide initiator system,allowing to achieve at room temperature high ROP activity(complete EO conversion and PEO of 3–64 kg/mol reached in 1–6 h),narrow molar mass distribution,controlled block lengths and composition.Density functional the-ory calculation shows that phosphazene bases are particularly effective,compared with N-heterocyclic bases,for complexing with Li+and enhancing the nucleophilic-ity of oxyanion.The rate of ROP is also affected by Li+-induced aggregation of the chain-end ion pairs,which though can be offset by adequate catalyst loadings.The versatility of this approach is further demonstrated in the one-pot synthesis of tri-/tetrablock ter-/quaterpolymers constituted by PI,PS,PEO,and poly(propylene oxide).Of great interest,PS-b-PI-b-PEO triblock terpolymer with a specific com-position is found to form internally microphase-separated micellar aggregates when dispersed in water. 展开更多
关键词 aggregation anionic polymerization block copolymer ORGANOCATALYSIS ring-opening polymerization
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The effect of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer on the formation process of wax crystals and hydrates
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作者 Limin Wang Jinrong Duan +2 位作者 Bei Liu Zhi Li Guangjin Chen 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第9期109-119,共11页
Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) as a kind of effective polymeric pour point depressant has been extensively used in the pipeline transportation of crude oil to inhibit wax deposition and improve the low temperat... Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA) as a kind of effective polymeric pour point depressant has been extensively used in the pipeline transportation of crude oil to inhibit wax deposition and improve the low temperature fluidity of crude oil. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the effect of EVA on wax-hydrate coexistence system to evaluate the application potentiality of EVA to the flow assurance of deep-sea oil-gas-water multiphase flow system. Our simulation results reveal that wax molecules gradually stretched and stacked from random coiling to a directional and ordered crystalline state during the process of wax solidification. The strong affinity of polar vinyl acetate side chains of EVA to neighboring water molecules made the EVA molecule prefer being in a curly state,which disrupted the ordered crystallization of surrounding wax molecules and delayed the solidification rate of wax cluster. In addition, it is found that EVA cocrystallized with wax molecules to form eutectic when the wax was fully solidified. The simulation results of hydrate nucleation and growth show that the EVA molecule displayed a two-sided effect on gas adsorption of wax crystals, which was the key factor that affected the nucleation and growth of hydrates in the methane-water system. The nonpolar hydrocarbon backbone of EVA increased the diffusion rate of methane and water, allowing more methane to diffuse to the surface of wax crystals, reducing the methane concentration in aqueous solutions and inhibiting the hydrate formation. On the other hand, the nonpolar vinyl acetate chains had a repulsive effect on methane, which reduced the adsorption area of methane on the eutectic surface and decreased the adsorption threshold value of the wax crystal. The excluded methane molecules would continue dissociating in the aqueous phase and participating in the nucleation and growth process of hydrates.Therefore, the probability of hydrate formation would be increased. It was worth noting that the inhibition performance of EVA on hydrate formation mainly played a significant role in the system with small wax crystal, while its hydrate promotion effect played a dominant role in the system with lager wax crystal. In summary, EVA could significantly inhibit both of the wax and hydrate deposition for the waxgas-water multiphase system with low wax content. When the wax content in the system was high, the role of EVA was mainly played in the alleviation of wax crystallization rather than the gas hydrates. The results of the present work can contribute to a better understanding of EVA on wax deposition and hydrate formation, and provide theoretical support of the potential industrial applications of EVA. 展开更多
关键词 Wax crystallization Hydrate formation Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Molecular dynamics simulation
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Exploring the effect of cooling rate on non-isothermal crystallization of copolymer polypropylene by fast scanning calorimetry
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作者 Yang Liao Ye-yuan Hu +4 位作者 Kosuke Ikeda Ryoji Okabe Rui-fen Wu Ryota Ozaki Qing-yan Xu 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期379-386,共8页
Polypropylene is commonly used as a binder for ceramic injection molding,and rapid cooling is often encountered during processing.However,the crystallization behavior of polypropylene shows a strong dependence on cool... Polypropylene is commonly used as a binder for ceramic injection molding,and rapid cooling is often encountered during processing.However,the crystallization behavior of polypropylene shows a strong dependence on cooling rate due to its semi-crystalline characteristics.Therefore,the influence of cooling rate on the quality of final product cannot be ignored.In this study,the fast differential scanning calorimetry(FSC)test was performed to study the influence of cooling rate on the non-isothermal crystallization behavior and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of a copolymer polypropylene(PP BC03B).The results show that the crystallization temperatures and crystallinity decrease as the cooling rate increases.In addition,two exothermic peaks occur when cooling rate ranges from 30 to 300 K·s^(-1),indicating the formation of another crystal phase.Avrami,Ozawa and Mo equations were used to explore the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics,and it can be concluded that the Mo method is suitable for this study. 展开更多
关键词 cooling rate crystallization temperature CRYSTALLINITY non-isothermal crystallization kinetics FSC copolymer polypropylene
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Degradation of PBS-Based Copolymers and Impacts on the Growth of Winter Wheat 被引量:1
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作者 张敏 邢永雷 +2 位作者 苏康宇 马永清 宋吉青 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2011年第9期1362-1366,1387,共6页
[Objective] The degradation properties of PBS-based copolymers and impacts on the growth of winter wheat were studied.[Method] Seeds of winter wheat were sown and cultivated in soil,and mixed with equal amounts of PBS... [Objective] The degradation properties of PBS-based copolymers and impacts on the growth of winter wheat were studied.[Method] Seeds of winter wheat were sown and cultivated in soil,and mixed with equal amounts of PBS,PBS-co-HS and PBS-co-BA,to investigate the degradation of polymers in soil and effects of the degradation intermediates and degradation products on seed germination and the growth of winter wheat during the continuous process of degradation.[Result] The results showed that the copolymers had better biodegradation properties than PBS in Lou Soil in Shaanxi Province under the same condition;polymer treatments had not affected the germination percentage and plant height of the winter wheat but contributed to the improvement of plant biomass.[Conclusion] These results suggested that the degradation and degradation products of PBS,PBS-co-HS and PBS-co-BA had not affected the growth of plants in soil environment for temporary. 展开更多
关键词 Winter wheat DEGRADATION PBS-based copolymer
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Nutrient Release Characteristics of Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl acetate Copolymers Coated SlowRelease Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Effect on Soil Mineral Nitrogen
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作者 马洪波 许仙菊 +3 位作者 宁运旺 汪吉东 张辉 张永春 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2014年第3期412-416,421,共6页
[Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo- ride-vinyl acetate copolymer controlled-release N fertilizer and the effects on minerat nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetat... [Objective] The aim was to explore release characteristics of vinyl chlo- ride-vinyl acetate copolymer controlled-release N fertilizer and the effects on minerat nitrogen in soils. [Method] Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydroxyl-modi- fied VCNAc were taken as coating materials to prepare slow release fertilizer. Nutri- ent release characteristics of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer was evaluated by water immersion method and the effects of VC/VAc slow release fertilizer on mineral ni- trogen were researched by pot experiment. [Result] The release periods of VC-VAc controlled-release urea and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc coated urea were 60 and 50 d, respectively. Furthermore, the content of ammonium nitrogen reached the peak on the 30th d and the content of nitrate nitrogen reached the peak on the 60th d in soils in treatments with VCNAc and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAc; the content of nitrate nitrogen rose again on the 120th d in the treatment with VC/VAc. In terms of wheat yield, different treatments showed insignificant differences and rice yield in the treatment with VCNAc was significantly higher than that in the treatment with hy- droxyl-modified VCNAc (P〈0.05). [Conclusion] The release days of slow controlled- release fertilizer vary upon pot experiment method and water immersion method. Slow controlled-release fertilizer is not suitable for monoculture, due to long fertilizer efficiency, but multiple cropping would be optimal for its role to be fully exploited. 展开更多
关键词 Water immersion method Pot experiment method Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Nutrient release characteristics Soil mineral nitrogen
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Rapid synthesis of biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone) random copolymers under microwave irradiation 被引量:4
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作者 Chen, Rui Hao, Jian Yuan +1 位作者 Xiong, Cheng Dong Deng, Xian Mo 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第2期249-252,共4页
Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The eff... Biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-p-dioxanone)(PCDO) random copolymers have been synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone(CL) and p-dioxanone(PDO) under microwave irradiation.The effects of irradiation time and different CL/PDO molar feed ratios on the microwave-assisted ring-opening polymerization(MROP) of PCDO have been discussed.The resultant products were characterized by ~1H NMR,GPC and DSC.It was found that the polymerization was completed within 20 min at 140℃.In th... 展开更多
关键词 BIODEGRADABLE P-DIOXANONE Microwave irradiation Random copolymer
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Synthesis and Properties of a New Kind of High Performance Composite Resin Matrix-Poly (Aryl Ether Ketones)/Poly (Ether Sulfone) Block Copolymers 被引量:2
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作者 王军佐 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 1997年第1期85-91,共7页
A new kind of high performance composite resin matrix PEEK/PES, PEEKK/PES block copolymers have been prepared from the corresponding oligomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The different propertie... A new kind of high performance composite resin matrix PEEK/PES, PEEKK/PES block copolymers have been prepared from the corresponding oligomers via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The different properties of the copolymers are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (d. s. c), thermogravimetric analysis (t. g. a) and dynamic mechanical analysis (d. m. a). The results show that the relationship between Tg and the compositions of the copolymers approximately follows the formula 1/Tg=W1/Tg1 +W2/Tg2 for PEEKK/PES block copolymers, and Tg=Tg1W1 +Tg2W2 for PEEK/PES block copolymers. The PES content and the segment length of the copolymers have a significant influence on their melting point. The thermal properties and dynamic mechanical behaviour of the copolymers are also studied. The introduction of PES segment into the molecular main chain increases the glass transition temperature of poly aryl ether ketones and decreases their melting temperature, that is to say it decreases their melting processing temperature. The block copolymers keep the high temperature stability and solvent resistance of poly aryl ether ketones. They are expected to be a new kind of high performance composite resin matrix. 展开更多
关键词 PEEKK PEEK PES PEEKK/PES BLOCK copolymers PEEK/PES BLOCK copolymers
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IMPACT PROPERTIES OF METALLOCENE - CATALYZED ETHYLENE-α-OLEFIN COPOLYMERS 被引量:3
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作者 Xu-rong Xu Jun-ting Xu Lin-xian Feng Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027,China Department of Polymer Science and Engineering College of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871, China 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第5期473-480,共8页
The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows su... The impact properties of two selected metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymers and one conventionalcopolymer were evaluated using Izod impact test. It is found that the metallocene-catalyzed copolymer shows superior impactproperties. This result was explained on the basis of the more homogeneous inter-molecular composition distribution andnarrower molecular weight distribution, which leads to more homogeneous morphology with fewer defects. Stepwisecrystallization improves the impact properties, especially in the crack propagation process, to a large extent. This is due to thedecrease of entanglements by stepwise crystallization, which is advantageous for the chain slip and shear. The polymer withheterogeneous intra-molecular composition distribution exhibits a more evident improvement of impact properties understepwise crystallization. 展开更多
关键词 Metallocene-catalyzed ethylene-butene copolymer Impact properties Molecular heterogeneities Thermal treatment
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SYNTHETIC STUDIES ON BLOOD COMPATIBLE BIOMATERIALSⅡ. SYNTHESIS OF POLY(ETHYLENEGLYCOL MONOMETHYLLTHER ) METHACRYLATE AND ANTITHROMBOGENICITY OF ITS COPOLYMERS 被引量:6
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作者 林思聪 王锦 +2 位作者 刘晓宁 屠湘同 Charles L. Liotta 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1992年第2期119-126,共8页
Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate (PEGMM)was synthesized by means of the reaction of methacrylyl chloride with sodium monomethylpolyethyleneglycoxide and was characterized by FTIR,;H-NMR,and ultra... Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate (PEGMM)was synthesized by means of the reaction of methacrylyl chloride with sodium monomethylpolyethyleneglycoxide and was characterized by FTIR,;H-NMR,and ultraviolet spectrometries. A series of poly (vinyl alcohol)-graft-PEGMM (PVA-g-PEGMM )and methyl methacrylate-PEGMM copolymer (PMMA-PEGMM) were prepared and tested for antithrombogenicity in vitro. The results indicate that the antithrombogenicity of the copolymers basically increases with the increasing of the DP of polyoxyethylene (POE) chain and tends to a plateau after the DP around 114,i.e. the long chain structure of POE is favourable to the antithrombogenicityof its copolymers ;moreover, the extent of the improvement ofantithrombogenicity also relates to the PEGMM content of the copolymers and the kind of the matrix that the POE chains are located on. These results are consistent with the anticipation of the hypothesis of maintaining proteins normal conformations for blood compatible bioraaterials. 展开更多
关键词 Antithrombogenicity Blood compatible biomaterials macromonomer Poly (vinyl alcohol) copolymer Poly (ethyleneglycol monomethylether) methacrylate
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Synthesis and Characterization of Degraded Gelatin Grafted Poly(ε-caprolactone) Copolymers 被引量:2
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作者 冯亚凯 房子琛 +1 位作者 王贺云 郭锦棠 《Transactions of Tianjin University》 EI CAS 2013年第3期182-187,共6页
Hydrophilic degraded gelatin was modified with hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) via a chemical grafting route.Firstly,PCL with one hydroxyl end group was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of εcaprola... Hydrophilic degraded gelatin was modified with hydrophobic poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) via a chemical grafting route.Firstly,PCL with one hydroxyl end group was prepared by the ring-opening polymerization of εcaprolactone (ε-CL) with tin (Ⅱ) 2-ethylhexanoate as catalyst and n-butyl alcohol as initiator.Secondly,the PCL reacted with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to prepare PCL with isocyanate functional group (PCL-NCO).Hydroxylamine was used to degrade gelatin by the cleavage between asparagine and glycine residues of gelatin.PCL-NCO reacted with the hydroxyl/amino groups of degraded gelatin in a homogeneous system and yielded the PCL modified gelatin copolymers.The gelatin grafted PCL copolymers were measured by means of XRD,FTIR,DSC and 1 H NMR.The results confirmed the conjugation of PCL onto gelatin chains.The PCL modified gelatin can be used as biomaterials owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradation. 展开更多
关键词 Amino acids BIOCOMPATIBILITY BIODEGRADATION BIOMATERIALS copolymers Functional groups
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SYNTHESIS OF TRIBLOCK COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND ISOPRENE BY A NITROXIDE-MEDIATED LIVING FREE RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 被引量:2
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作者 P. Najafi Mogaddam A. Entezami 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第1期55-61,共7页
The controlled free radical polymerization of styrene and isoprene initiated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) at 125 'C were performed. The obtained poly... The controlled free radical polymerization of styrene and isoprene initiated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) at 125 'C were performed. The obtained polyisoprene and polystyrene homopolymers served as macroinitiators for block copolymerization of isoprene and styrene to synthesize poly- (styrene-b-isoprene) and poly(isoprene-b-styrene) diblock copolymers. Diblock copolymers with well-defined structures as well as controlled and narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained from the lower-mass polystyrene and polyisoprene homopolymers. These copolymers were found to be active as macroinitiators in the synthesis of the poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) and poly(isoprene-b-styrene-b-isoprene) triblock copolymers. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were used for the investigation of polymer structure, molecular weight and polydispersity (PD). 展开更多
关键词 Diblock and triblock copolymer Controlled radical polymerization TEMPO Polystyrene POLYISOPRENE
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Synthesis of polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer miniemulsion polymerization 被引量:3
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作者 Zhen Xi Wang Qing Hua Zhang +3 位作者 Yi Tao Yu Xiao Li Zhan Feng Qiu Chen Ji Hai Xiong 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第12期1497-1500,共4页
Polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization.During the polymerization process,the molecular weight distri... Polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization.During the polymerization process,the molecular weight distribution was narrow and the numerical molecular weight of the copolymers increased with increasing conversion of monomers,which was close to the theoretical.FT-IR and ^1H NMR results indicated that the microstructure of the polymer was mainly 1,4-trans-butadiene with small amount of 1,2-units,and composition in the copolymers was obtained. 展开更多
关键词 Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer Polystyrene-styrene/butadiene diblock copolymers Miniemulsion polymerization
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Poly(L-lactide)-Poly(ethylene glycol) Multiblock Copolymers: Synthesis and Properties 被引量:2
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作者 Wei Jun LUO Su Ming LI +1 位作者 Jian Zhong BEI Shen Guo WANG 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2002年第1期33-36,共4页
Poly (L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers with predetermined block lengths were synthesized by polycondensation of PLA diols and PEG diacids. These copolymers presented special properties, such as ... Poly (L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) multiblock copolymers with predetermined block lengths were synthesized by polycondensation of PLA diols and PEG diacids. These copolymers presented special properties, such as better miscibility between the two components, low crystallinity and better hydrophilicity, which can be modulated by adjusting the block lengths of the two components. 展开更多
关键词 Poly (L-lactide) poly(ethylene glycol) BIODEGRADABILITY multiblock copolymer MISCIBILITY crystallinity hydrophilicity.
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AMPHIPHILIC STAR-BLOCK COPOLYMERS BY IODIDE-MEDIATED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION 被引量:1
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作者 Bing-yi Li Yan Shi Zhi-feng Fu Wan-tai Yang Shu-ke Jiao 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第6期609-619,共11页
Amphiphilic star-block copolymers composed of polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid) were synthesized by iodide- mediated radical polymerization. Firstly, free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out with AIBN... Amphiphilic star-block copolymers composed of polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid) were synthesized by iodide- mediated radical polymerization. Firstly, free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out with AIBN as initiator and 1,1,1-trimethyolpropane tri(2-iodoisobutyrate) as chain transfer agent, giving iodine atom ended star-shaped polystyrene with three arm chains, R(polystyrene)3. Secondly, tert-butyl acrylate was polymerization using polystyrene obtained as macro-chain transfer agent, and star-block copolymer, R(polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate))3 with controlled molecular weight was obtained. Finally, amphiphilic star-block copolymer, R(polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid))3 was obtained by hydrolysis of R(polystyrene-b-poly(tert-butyl acrylate))3 under acidic condition. 展开更多
关键词 Living radical polymerization Iodide-Mediated radical polymerization Star-block copolymers Amphiphilic copolymers.
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Synthesis and characterization of H-type amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers by ATRP 被引量:2
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作者 Xin De Tang Long Cheng Gao +1 位作者 Xing He Fan Qi Feng Zhou 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第2期237-240,共4页
H-type amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers containing azobenzene were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Macroinitiators prepared by the esterification between poly(ethylene ox... H-type amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers containing azobenzene were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Macroinitiators prepared by the esterification between poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG) and 2,2-dichloroacetyl chloride were utilized to initiate the polymerization of 6-[4-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl rnethacrylate (M6C). The resulting macroinitiators and block copolymers were characterized by ^1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) preliminarily revealed the liquid crystalline property of these block copolymers. This series of liquid crystalline block copolymers are promising in some areas, such as optical data storage, optical switch, and molecular devices. 展开更多
关键词 H-type Amphiphilic Block copolymer Liquid crystalline property Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)
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Effect of spacer length on the liquid crystalline property of azobenzene-containing ABA-type triblock copolymers via ATRP 被引量:2
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作者 Xin De Tang Long Cheng Gao +1 位作者 Xing He Fan Qi Feng Zhou 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第9期1129-1132,共4页
The effect of flexible spacer length on the liquid crystalline property of ABA-type triblock copolymers containing azobenzene groups was investigated. For the study, the monomers, n-[4-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]alkyl... The effect of flexible spacer length on the liquid crystalline property of ABA-type triblock copolymers containing azobenzene groups was investigated. For the study, the monomers, n-[4-(4-ethoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]alkyl methacrylates with varying methylene groups (n = 0, 2, 6) were used to synthesize a series of azobenzene-containing amphiphilic triblock copolymers PAnC–PEG–PAnC by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and one-dimensional X-ray diffraction (1D WAXD) have shown that the glass transition temperatures of these copolymers decreased with increasing n, PA0C–PEG–PA0C has no mesophase, while both PA2C–PEG–PA2C and PA6C–PEG–PA6C have a nematic mesophase. These differences derive from the length of spacer groups between the polymer backbone and side-chain LC monomers. 展开更多
关键词 Spacer group Liquid crystalline property AZOBENZENE Triblock copolymer Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP)
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