Pie-crusting技术在膝关节内侧间室松解中的应用

先天发育因素及膝关节退变等原因常导致膝关节内侧间室狭窄。狭窄的内侧间室又增加了内侧半月板后角的损伤几率。当患者出现此处受损时选择关节镜手术切掉或缝合损伤的半月板后角是当下普遍认为疗效较好的治疗方式。但当进行内侧间室的手术操作时,常因为内侧间室狭窄导致视野受限及手术操作空间狭小,以至于在手术过程中难以对半月板进行手术操作甚至手术失败。国内外学者通过对膝关节解剖发现,可以对膝关节内侧的一系列韧带进行松解,扩大膝关节内侧间室,以达到关节镜下直视进行手术操作。这种松解操作既可以避免因视野丢失导致的误伤,又可以扩大间室方便手术器械的进入。这一类膝关节内侧韧带的松解技术被统称为Pie-crusting技术。借助该种技术可以便捷高效地进行膝关节内侧半月板的关节镜手术操作,节省手术时间,减少术中损伤的风险。因此许多国内外学者对这项技术感兴趣并深入研究。

Biological soil crusts and their potential applications in the sand land over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is now experiencing ecological degradation risks as a result of climate change and human activities.The alpine grassland ecology in permafrost zones is fragile and susceptible to deterioration due to its high altitude,low temperature,and limited oxygen,which complicates the repair of damaged land.Biological soil crusts(BSCs)are crucial for land restoration in plateau regions because they can thrive in harsh conditions and have environmentally beneficial traits.Inoculated biological soil crust(IBSC)has shown success in low-altitude desert regions,but may not be easily duplicated to the plateau environment.Therefore,it is essential to do a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the basic theoretical comprehension and practical application of BSCs on the Tibetan Plateau.This review article aims to provide a brief summary of the ecological significance and the mechanisms related to the creation,growth,and progression of BSCs.It discusses the techniques used for cultivating BSCs in laboratories and using them in the field,focusing on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau circumstance.We thoroughly discussed the potential and the required paths for further studies.This study may be used as a basis for selecting suitable microbial strains and accompanying supplemental actions for implementing IBSCs in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

The Weixi High-silica Granitoids in the Central Sanjiang Orogenic Belt,Southwest China:Implications for Growth of the Continental Crust

High-silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust.A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc,Southwest China.The intrusions consist of granites,granitic porphyries,and granodiorites.Zircon U-Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248-240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc.The Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb,Th,and U,depleted in Ba,Sr,Nb,Ta,and Ti,and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu anomalies.The Weixi granitoids have negative ε_(Nd)(t)values(-9.8 to-7.8)and negative zircon ε_(Hf)(t)values(-12.02 to-5.11).The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal material.The Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction,respectively,and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt.

The occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in cobalt-rich crusts from Marcus-Wake Seamounts

To explore the occurrence phases and enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements(REEs)in cobalt-rich crusts,this study analyzes the mineral composition and REE contents of the samples from Marcus-Wake Seamounts by XRD,ICP-OES and ICP-MS.The results show that,(1)the cobalt-rich crusts contain the major crystalline mineral(vernadite),the secondary minerals(quartz,plagioclase and carbonate fluorapatite),and a large amount of amorphous ferric oxyhydroxides(FeOOH).(2)The cobalt-rich crusts contains higher Mn(10.83%to 28.76%)and Fe(6.14%to 18.86%)relative to other elements,and are enriched in REEs,with total REE contents of 1563−3238μg/g and Ce contents of 790−1722μg/g.Rare earth element contents of the old crusts are higher than those of the new crusts.Moreover,the non-phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and negative Y anomalies,and yet the phosphatized crusts have positive Ce and positive Y anomalies,indicating that cobalt-rich crusts is hydrogenetic and REEs mainly come from seawater.(3)Analytical data also show that the occurrence phases of elements in cobalt-rich crusts are closely related to their mineral phases.In the non-phosphatized crusts,REEs are adsorbed by colloidal particles into the crusts(about 67%of REEs in the Fe oxide phase,and about 17%of REEs in the Mn oxide phase).In contrast,in the phosphatized crusts(affected by the phosphatization),REEs may combine with phosphate to form rare earth phosphate minerals,and about 64%of REEs are enriched in the residual phase containing carbonate fluorapatite,but correspondingly the influence of Fe and Mn oxide phases on REEs enrichment is greatly reduced.In addition,the oxidizing environment of seawater,high marine productivity,phosphatization,and slow growth rate can promote the REE enrichment.This study provides a reference for the metallogenesis of cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific.

Effects of soil crust on the collapsing erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residual soil

Collapsing erosion is a unique phenomenon commonly observed on the granite residue hillslopes in the tropical and subtropical regions of southern China,characterized by its abrupt occurrence and significant erosion volumes.However,the impacts of soil crust conditions on the erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residual soils have only been studied to a limited extent.To address this issue,this study investigates the impacts of three soil crust conditions(i.e.,without crust,10-minute crust,and 20-minute crust)on gully morphology,rainfall infiltration,and runoff and sediment yield during slope erosion of colluvial deposits with granite residues(classified as Acrisols)in Yudu County,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province,China,using simulated rainfall tests and photographic methods.The results showed that as the strength of the soil crust increased,the capacity of moisture infiltration and the width and depth of the gully as well as the sediment concentration and yield ratio decreased;at the same time,the runoff ratio increased.The sediment yield in the without-crust test was found to be 1.24 and 1.43 times higher than that observed in the 10-minute crust and 20-minute crust tests,respectively.These results indicate that soil crusts can effectively prevent slope erosion and moisture infiltration,while providing valuable insights for the management of soil erosion in natural environments.

Bibliometric analysis of the status and trend of biological soil crusts research from 1912 to 2023

Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play an important role in soil development and ecological function,and it is more important for quantitatively analyzing the processes and trends of BSCs to identify the advantages and disadvantages of BSCs research for the development and application of BSCs theory.Bibliometric analysis of 2,186 BSCs literatures from Web of Science showed an exponential growth trend,as China and the United States as the top 2 in terms of publication volume.High quality publications are mainly from European and American countries,such as the United States,Germany and Spain.The top 3 publishers are Journal of Arid Environments,Soil Biology&Biochemistry and Plant and Soil,and disciplines include ecology,environmental science,and soil science,etc..Research institutions mainly affiliate to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,United States Department of the Interior,United States Geological Survey,Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Authors mainly come from United States,Israel,Spain and China.Funds are mainly from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Spanish Government,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and National Science Foundation of the United States.Biological soil crusts(biocrusts,cyanobacteria,lichens,moss crusts,bryophytes),drylands,climate change,photosynthesis and desert are high-frequency keywords.Future research will focus on the driving mechanisms of BSCs on global biogeochemical cycles,maintaining global biodiversity on important ecological processes,global C,N,and P cycles.The impact on biological invasion,sandstorms,and water balance,multifunctional and reciprocal mechanisms for maintaining the stability of desert and sandy ecosystems,and impact on the formulation of management policies for arid ecosystems,corresponding to global climate change,and the estimation of regional,local,and microscale distribution of BSCs based on machine deep learning modeling gradually focus on.The ecosystem service functions of BSCs,the soil and water conservation and soil stability mediated by BSCs in arid and semi-arid regions,and the excavation of stress resistant genes for BSCs will be emphasized.

Moho反射波噪声干涉方法及其在青藏高原东北缘地壳结构成像的应用初探

基于南北地震带北段布设的密集流动地震台阵的连续波形记录,采用台阵噪声干涉技术获得了青藏高原东北缘Moho面PmP反射波,利用已有的区域三维地壳速度模型,采用沉积层校正方法建立研究区域的三维地壳初始模型,进而对噪声互相关函数进行基准面校正,然后采用共中心点叠加方法获得了研究区的地壳厚度分布.结果显示,青藏高原东北缘及周边不同块体地壳厚度差异显著,沿青藏高原北东向的扩展方向,地壳厚度逐渐变薄.祁连造山带中、西段地壳厚度约55~65 km,西秦岭造山带地壳厚度从西至东从53 km左右减小至42 km上下,阿拉善块体地壳厚度约50 km,鄂尔多斯块体西缘地壳厚度约40~45 km.六盘山断裂、海原断裂与天景山断裂附近呈现局部的地壳增厚,并且出现脉冲状Moho面反射震相,表明断裂带附近可能存在速度跃变较大的Moho面结构.祁连山北缘断裂出现叠置的反射震相,推测下地壳的逆冲形成了此类Moho结构.

Study on Soil Microbiotic Crust and Its Influences on Sand-fixing Vegetation in Arid Desert Region

Based on secular fixed_site data in the artificial sand_fixing vegetation district at the southeast fringe of the Tengger Desert, the formative characteristics of soil microbiotic crusts and its influences on vegetation dynamics were analyzed. Once sand barrier and artificial vegetation have stabilized the surface of the sifting sand, could form aeolian deposition crust and then evolve into algae_dominated crust. Such processes result from the interactions of physical effects of atmospheric dust and silt deposition on sand surface, sinking and raindrop impact, and soil microorganism activities. Under the condition of less than 200 mm precipitation, the presence of microbiotic crust changes the soil hydraulic conductivity, alters the temporal and spatial distribution of the limited precipitation in sand layer and leads to the decline of deep_rooted shrubs. The development of microbiotic crust and subsurface soil affects the plant growth and seed rain distribution, as a result, the diversity of plant species gradually tend to become saturated and finally affects the vegetation stability.

Column leaching process of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts

In order to better understand the leaching process of rare earth （RE） and aluminum （Al） from the weathered crust elutiondepositedRE ore, the mass transfer of RE and Al in column leaching was investigated using the chromatographic plate theory. Theresults show that a higher initial ammonium concentration in a certain range can enhance the mass transfer process. pH of leachingagent in the range of 2 to 8 almost has no effect on the mass transfer efficiency of RE, but plays a positive role in the mass transferefficiency of Al under strong acidic condition （pH〈4）. There is an optimum flow rate that makes the highest mass transfer efficiency.The optimum leaching condition of RE is the leaching agent pH of 4？8, ammonium concentration of 0.4 mol/L and flow rate of0.5 mL/min. The mass transfer efficiencies of RE and Al both follow the order： （NH4）2SO4〈NH4Cl〈NH4NO3, implying thecomplexing ability of anion.

基于CRUST1.0的中国大陆及邻域岩石圈结构计算及特征分析

利用最新发布的CRUST1.0地壳模型,基于1D岩石圈均衡理论,推导了一种快速求算地热岩石圈结构的方法,并计算了中国大陆及邻域岩石圈结构。中国大陆及周边区域的岩石圈厚度存在巨大的横向差异性,但从整体上看,在中西部,岩石圈厚度走向大致与印度板块和亚欧板块的碰撞带走向一致;在中东部,其走向与太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块对亚欧板块的俯冲带走向大致相同。结合其他学者对该区岩石圈结构的研究可知,中国大陆及邻域的岩石圈结构特征不仅与地块的地质年龄有关,可能更多的是受区域构造环境和岩石圈减薄机制的影响。

改良Pie-crusting技术在初次全膝关节置换术内侧松解中的应用

目的评估改良Pie-crusting技术(简称PC技术)在初次全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)内侧松解中应用的安全性和有效性。方法 2014年3月~2016年6月由同一术者采用改良PC技术完成膝内翻畸形初次TKA 30例(34膝)。使用特制带弧形刀柄限宽3 mm、限深5 mm的手术刀进行横行点戳,以紧张部位优先松解的原则,伸直紧时松解内侧副韧带浅层后束纤维及后内侧关节囊,屈曲紧时松解内侧副韧带浅层前束纤维。记录松解前后伸直、屈曲位内外侧间隙值;根据术中测量值分为伸直屈曲均紧张组(10膝)、仅伸直紧张组(13膝)和仅屈曲紧张组(11膝),间隙≤1 mm为软组织平衡,分别计算平衡矫正率。术后定期拍摄患膝负重位片测量下肢力线,记录膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、HSS评分、WOMAC评分,并与术前比较。结果 31膝达到屈伸间隙、内外侧间隙平衡。1膝伸直间隙内外侧相差2 mm,2膝屈曲间隙内外侧相差2 mm,总体平衡矫正率91.2%(31/34)。3例术中应用限制性垫片。未发生因该技术导致的其他并发症。仅伸直紧组松解后屈曲间隙增加中位数1 mm(1~3 mm),仅屈曲紧组松解后伸直间隙增加中位数1 mm(1~2 mm),无统计学差异(Z=-1.118,P=0.264)。术前患者膝关节ROM为83.3°±14.7°,机械轴偏移角度中位数11.5°(7°~32°),HSS评分为(42.7±16.3)分、WOMAC评分为(76.2±8.2)分,术后膝关节ROM为100.7°±14.2°(t=-7.714,P=0.000)、机械轴偏移角度中位数1°(0°~4°)(Z=-5.092,P=0.000)、HSS评分(88.1±9.9)分(t=-21.868,P=0.000)、WOMAC评分(11.4±9.7)分(t=31.726,P=0.000),均较术前明显改善。结论在初次TKA中使用改良PC技术做内侧松解是安全、有效的。仅松解伸直或屈曲位触摸紧张的纤维,也会同时影响两个间隙。

Pie-crusting松解膝关节内侧副韧带术后制动与否对其愈合的影响

探讨用Pie-crusting技术松解内侧副韧带术后制动与否对内侧韧带愈合的影响。自2016年11月—2018年10月,膝关节镜手术中应用Pie-crusting技术(由外向内)松解内侧副韧带患者53例,其中病历号尾数为单数的患者(A组)术后给以膝关节可调支具固定制动;尾数为双数的患者(B组)术后未进行支具固定制动。术后6周做MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)检查两组病例膝关节内侧副韧带愈合情况;膝关节外翻应力X片测量膝关节内侧间隙;比较患者随访时的主观症状,评估Lysholm主观功能评分。平均随访时间为(28.75±4.028)个月(24~36个月)。术中通过松解内侧副韧带,两组病例均达到内侧理想操作空间,术后6周时组间比较术前术后膝关节内侧间隙无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组病例随访末次Lysholm功能评分均较术前提高,两组间无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者6周时MRI显示内侧副韧带均已愈合。应用关节镜处理膝关节内侧半月板损伤时,针对膝关节内侧间室狭窄的病例可选择Pie-crusting技术(由外向内)松解内侧副韧带,以其达到扩大操作空间,改善观察视野的目的,术后膝关节制动与否对内侧副韧带的愈合无影响。

Pie-crusting技术结合持续封闭式负压引流治疗Morel-Lavallée损伤

目的:探讨应用Pie-Crusting技术联合持续封闭式负压引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗Morel-Lavallée损伤的疗效。方法:选取2011年1月-2015年12月收治的15例Morel-Lavallée损伤的患者。应用Pie-Crusting技术联合持续封闭式负压引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)治疗15例Morel-Lavallée损伤。结果:15例患者术后5~7 d去除封闭式负压引流,损伤部位的皮肤无缺血坏死。引流量390~1750 m L,平均720 m L,患者均无感染迹象。所有患者术后获得随访6~27个月,平均15.2个月,无复发及深部感染,皮肤表面无明显疤痕组织增生。结论:Pie-Crusting技术联合VSD治疗MorelLavallée损伤安全、有效,为骨折早期手术提供必要软组织条件。

The Course of Time in the Cracking of Earth CrustCaused by Earthquake of Magnitude 8

The world,the continent and the large country at all times have similar distribution of intervals between recurrences of the great earthquakes,depending on the earthquake sequence. lt indicates that how the force source of world scale changes with time and space.

基于Crust算法的虚拟人台重建

对三维人体扫描数据进行精简处理并依据关键点提取半身人台数据.利用Voronoi图和Delaunay三角剖分的性质,在Matlab的平台上实现了经典的Crust曲面重建算法并得到基于真实人体的三维个性化人台模型.本文的建模方法便捷、准确,为建立大量个性化人台模型奠定了基础.

Crust1.0地壳模型及其应用:以长江中下游成矿带为例

地壳是地球系统的重要组成部分,了解各圈层的结构及相互作用是研究地球物质深部交互过程的核心问题,如何探测地壳内部的物质组成和形态结构一直是地球系统科学的研究热点。随着海量地球探测数据的积累和挖掘,地球科学学家提出了不同细节层次的地壳模型,当前最为详细,分辨率最高的全球地壳模型是Crust1.0地壳模型。本文首先详细介绍了Crust1.0地壳模型沉积层厚度和壳幔密度差的数据来源和分布特征。然后,基于Crust1.0地壳模型信息,对长江中下游成矿带及邻区的卫星重力数据进行沉积层校正后,采用变密度界面计算方法,获得的长江中下游地区的Moho界面深度分布。长江中下游成矿带的Moho面形态呈现为"V"字型幔隆带,通过分析矿床、岩体及深大断裂的分布规律与幔隆带形成的关系,进一步证实了长江中下游成矿带深部的地幔隆起是形成巨型矿床的根本原因。研究结果表明,Crust1.0在研究区域地壳结构、成矿动力学深部背景等基础地学和地球系统科学研究中具有广泛的应用前景。

全球地壳模型CRUST1.0在青藏高原东南部的重力检核

利用全球地壳模型CRUST1.0提供的地壳密度、厚度等分层信息,计算青藏高原东南部地壳各分层引起的重力异常,并累加获取总体布格重力异常,最后与利用全球重力场模型EGM2008获得的布格重力异常进行对比。结果表明,两种模型在大部分区域基本一致,布格重力异常变化在-600～20mGal之间,少数地区存在较大的差距,说明CRUST1.0模型的精度还有待提高。

Stagnant lids and mantle overturns:Implications for Archaean tectonics, magmagenesis,crustal growth, mantle evolution, and the start of plate tectonics

The lower plate is the dominant agent in modern convergent margins characterized by active subduction,as negatively buoyant oceanic lithosphere sinks into the asthenosphere under its own weight.This is a strong plate-driving force because the slab-pull force is transmitted through the stiff sub-oceanic lithospheric mantle.As geological and geochemical data seem inconsistent with the existence of modernstyle ridges and arcs in the Archaean,a periodically-destabilized stagnant-lid crust system is proposed instead.Stagnant-lid intervals may correspond to periods of layered mantle convection where efficient cooling was restricted to the upper mantle,perturbing Earth's heat generation/loss balance,eventually triggering mantle overturns.Archaean basalts were derived from fertile mantle in overturn upwelling zones(OUZOs),which were larger and longer-lived than post-Archaean plumes.Early cratons/continents probably formed above OUZOs as large volumes of basalt and komatiite were delivered for protracted periods,allowing basal crustal cannibalism,garnetiferous crustal restite delamination,and coupled development of continental crust and sub-continental lithospheric mantle.Periodic mixing and rehomogenization during overturns retarded development of isotopically depleted MORB(mid-ocean ridge basalt)mantle.Only after the start of true subduction did sequestration of subducted slabs at the coremantle boundary lead to the development of the depleted MORB mantle source.During Archaean mantle overturns,pre-existing continents located above OUZOs would be strongly reworked;whereas OUZOdistal continents would drift in response to mantle currents.The leading edge of drifting Archaean continents would be convergent margins characterized by terrane accretion,imbrication,subcretion and anatexis of unsubductable oceanic lithosphere.As Earth cooled and the background oceanic lithosphere became denser and stiffer,there would be an increasing probability that oceanic crustal segments could founder in an organized way,producing a gradual evolution of pre-subduction convergent margins into modern-style active subduction systems around 2.5 Ga.Plate tectonics today is constituted of:(1)a continental drift system that started in the Early Archaean,driven by deep mantle currents pressing against the Archaean-age sub-continental lithospheric mantle keels that underlie Archaean cratons;(2)a subduction-driven system that started near the end of the Archaean.

The Junggar Immature Continental Crust Province and Its Mineralization

According to the study on the peripheral orogenic belts of the Junggar basin and combined with the interpretation of geophysical data, this paper points out that there is an Early Paleozoic basement of immature continental crust in the Junggar area, which is mainly composed of Neoproterozoic-Ordovician oceanic crust and weakly metamorphosed covering sedimentary rocks. The Late Paleozoic tectonism and mineralization were developed on the basement of the Early Paleozoic immature continental crust. The Junggar metallogenic province is dominated by Cr, Cu, Ni and Au mineralization. Those large and medium-scale deposits are mainly distributed along the deep faults and particularly near the ophiolitic melange zones, and formed in the Late Paleozoic with the peak of mineralization occurring in the Carboniferous-Permian post-collisional stage. The intrusions related to Cu, Ni and Au mineralization generally have low Is, and positive εNd(t) values. The δ34S values of the ore deposits are mostly near zero, and the lead isotopes are mostly of normal lead. All these indicate that the ore-forming material comes either directly from the mantle-derived magma (for chromite and Cu-Ni deposits) or from recirculation of the basement material of the Early Paleozoic immature crust (for most Cu and Au deposits).

Topographic differentiations of biological soil crusts and hydraulic properties in fixed sand dunes, Tengger Desert

Biological soil crusts （BSCs） play an important role in surface soil hydrology. Soils dominated with moss BSCs may have higher infiltration rates than those dominated with cyanobacteria or algal BSCs. However, it is unnown whether improved infiltration in moss BSCs is accompanied by an increase in soil hydraulic conductivity or water retention capacity. We investigated this question in the Tengger Desert, where a 43-year-old revegetation program has promoted the formation of two distinct types of BSCs along topographic positions, i.e. the moss-dominated BSCs on the interdune land and windward slopes of the fixed sand dunes, and the al- gal-dominated BSCs on the crest and leeward slopes. Soil water retention capacity and hydraulic conductivity were measured using an indoor evaporation method and a field infiltration method. And the results were fitted to the van Genuchten-Mualem model. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivities under greater water pressure （〈-0.01 MPa） and water retention capacities in the entire pressure head range were higher for both crust types than for bare sand. However, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivities in the near-saturation range （〉-0.01 MPa） showed decreasing trends from bare sand to moss crusts and to algal crusts. Our data suggested that topographic differentiation of BSCs significantly affected not only soil water retention and hydraulic conductivities, but also the overall hydrology of the fixed sand dunes at a landscape scale, as seen in the reduction and spatial variability in deep soil water storage.