In the reading process and after reading of the scientific and technological English literature for postgraduates of engineering, there are several barriers like the understanding of the vocabulary, the analyzing the ...In the reading process and after reading of the scientific and technological English literature for postgraduates of engineering, there are several barriers like the understanding of the vocabulary, the analyzing the complex sentences and the grasping the whole texts. This paper tries to investigate the using condition of interactive reading strategy in reading scientific and technological English literature of postgraduates of engineering. The study reveals that postgraduates of engineering frequently using some of strategies of the interactive reading strategy, but the overall using condition is only in the average level, and is not so flexible.展开更多
相对科学的分类体系是实现科技文献资源学科特征有效揭示的重要依据。面向国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library,NSTL)资源集成与知识服务的总体需求,通过主体及重点学科揭示、多体系融合、多维同位类设置、...相对科学的分类体系是实现科技文献资源学科特征有效揭示的重要依据。面向国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library,NSTL)资源集成与知识服务的总体需求,通过主体及重点学科揭示、多体系融合、多维同位类设置、多学科列类、新兴学科类目扩展、综合性类目设置、双重语义编码等方法,编制可基本覆盖NSTL主体资源的NSTL科技文献分类体系,共包含61个基本大类,类目深度为4~5级,类目数达5350个。同时建立与现用核心分类体系的映射关系,支撑资源分类数据规范处理、馆藏目录系统服务等方面的应用。该分类体系可支撑国家重点扶持产业资源保障分析与学科布局评估。展开更多
As a long-standing ancient civilization with a history of several thousand years,China has contributed a large number of technological inventions and scientific discoveries to human culture.Among the vast number of pr...As a long-standing ancient civilization with a history of several thousand years,China has contributed a large number of technological inventions and scientific discoveries to human culture.Among the vast number of printed books and other documents handed down to the present-day in China,there are many on science and technology.It is an essential task to collate these works,and thus lay a foundation for historical research into them,as well as make them more readily available to the outside world.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of...Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the self-optimization of these two techniques.展开更多
“人工智能驱动的科学研究”(AI for Science,AI4S)是一场正在发生的科技革命,是将人工智能技术与科学研究深度结合,帮助促进发现新知识、解决科学难题的新型科学研究范式。随着AI4S的研究推进,其发展脉络、机遇和挑战、需求和任务、实...“人工智能驱动的科学研究”(AI for Science,AI4S)是一场正在发生的科技革命,是将人工智能技术与科学研究深度结合,帮助促进发现新知识、解决科学难题的新型科学研究范式。随着AI4S的研究推进,其发展脉络、机遇和挑战、需求和任务、实现路径等问题值得进一步讨论。为此本刊邀请了7位专家组织了本期笔谈。1)支撑AI4S的知识服务:AI4S对当下的知识服务提出了更高的要求,包括多层次知识发现与获取需求;跨学科研究和创新需求;以用户为中心的参与式服务需求,使得知识服务场景向多元化,智能化,专业化,个性化转变。为此须重新定位AI4S环境中知识服务的新角色,明确其在全面支撑科技创新进程中的新任务,树立大文献观,兼顾普惠与专深,以支撑跨学科创新。2)建设AI4S的知识底座:人工智能的本质是知识的获取与利用,而科技文献则是人类知识的主要载体。中国科学院文献情报中心充分认识到AI带来的科研范式变革,提出了构建AI4S的科技文献知识底座的概念,积极挖掘科技文献中蕴含的科学知识和高质量数据,努力构建AI4S的领域智能知识底座,将“科技文献库”转变为“科技知识引擎”,支撑AI4S所需的查询循证、态势感知、推理预测、生成启示等智能化服务。3)驱动AI4S的科学数据:科学数据有效聚合为发挥AI4S的强大功能奠定了数据基础,是图书馆实现AI时代角色与功能变革的前提,是推动科研服务转型、深化科研支持、加速科技创新的必要条件。目前图书馆有效聚合科学数据为AI4S提供支撑仍面临宏观和中观上的诸多挑战,应对该挑战有以下实现路径:明确图书馆在科学数据管理中的角色与作用;营造科学数据管理环境;构建科学数据管理合作网络;提升科学数据管理服务能力。4)AI4S与古典文献智能语言模型:AI4S技术能够用于文献和文本的分析,更快速、更全面地理解大量的历史文献和文化资料。古典文献智能语言模型是人工智能技术在古籍文献研究领域的一项重要突破,为古典文献研究带来了新的机遇和挑战。随着多模态、生成式GPT模型的流行,AI4S情境下古典文献智能语言模型将更加注重整合多样信息、提高适应性、增强知识表示和服务于更广泛的应用场景。5)面向AI4S的图书馆数字学术服务:基于LLM的AI4S和AIGC推动智慧图书馆建设的理念不谋而合,给图书馆数字学术服务带来了机遇和挑战。基于AI4S平台化趋势与数字学术服务中台化特征适配,以及图书馆界长期服务科研工作的历史传统两大特点,其数字学术服务平台的再造路径,包括自主打造AI4S服务平台、购买和使用第三方的AI4S平台和作为科学智能组件的嵌入式知识服务再升级3种。6)AI4S的历史演化与逻辑结构:AI4S是人工智能技术充分应用到各学科领域主导的科学范式变革,其逻辑架构包括“数据+模型”驱动、通过机器猜想打造知识生态和通过算法思维延展应用场景。数智文明时代中,AI4S驱动科学进步与社会发展需要发扬科技向善价值观,有效选择AI4S延展应用到社会科学和人文科学领域的理论论证与方案,并完善人类决策与机器智能融合共建的系列机制。7)AI4S的发展机遇与展望:随着生成式人工智能的发展,预训练算法和预训练大模型为不同学科领域的AI4S带来了巨大机遇,在工业检测、机器人技术和医学等多个领域表现出了巨大的应用潜力和价值。此外,预训练大模型的技术实施条件局限、数据/计算资源的可持续发展、技术的透明性、公正性和可访问性等关键因素也值得重视。展开更多
文摘In the reading process and after reading of the scientific and technological English literature for postgraduates of engineering, there are several barriers like the understanding of the vocabulary, the analyzing the complex sentences and the grasping the whole texts. This paper tries to investigate the using condition of interactive reading strategy in reading scientific and technological English literature of postgraduates of engineering. The study reveals that postgraduates of engineering frequently using some of strategies of the interactive reading strategy, but the overall using condition is only in the average level, and is not so flexible.
文摘相对科学的分类体系是实现科技文献资源学科特征有效揭示的重要依据。面向国家科技图书文献中心(National Science and Technology Library,NSTL)资源集成与知识服务的总体需求,通过主体及重点学科揭示、多体系融合、多维同位类设置、多学科列类、新兴学科类目扩展、综合性类目设置、双重语义编码等方法,编制可基本覆盖NSTL主体资源的NSTL科技文献分类体系,共包含61个基本大类,类目深度为4~5级,类目数达5350个。同时建立与现用核心分类体系的映射关系,支撑资源分类数据规范处理、馆藏目录系统服务等方面的应用。该分类体系可支撑国家重点扶持产业资源保障分析与学科布局评估。
文摘As a long-standing ancient civilization with a history of several thousand years,China has contributed a large number of technological inventions and scientific discoveries to human culture.Among the vast number of printed books and other documents handed down to the present-day in China,there are many on science and technology.It is an essential task to collate these works,and thus lay a foundation for historical research into them,as well as make them more readily available to the outside world.
基金supported by the Research Project on Medical Education launched by the Medical Education Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Medical Education Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Higher Education in 2018(2018B-N18075)the Education Science Research Project of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(XJYB2029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020-JYB-ZDGG-082).
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to explore the current situation,clinical research hot spots,and trends of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing technology in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),to draw a panorama of clinical research,to provide the basis and clues for subsequent high-level evidence integration and further in-depth research.Materials and Methods:Seven databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(Sino-Med),PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library were searched.The bibliometric method and visualization software CiteSpace were used to conduct a multi-dimensional analysis of the included literature.Results:A total of 805 pieces of literature were included(of them,one was written in German and four in English),and the number of published literature showed an increasing trend year by year.There were only 30(3.73%)pieces of literature published in nursing journals.The hot spots of the co-occurrence map were concentrated in:(1)the nursing of fumigation in RA;(2)the efficacy evaluation of TCM nursing technology on pain,joint malformation,and joint dysfunction caused by RA.The included literature themes focused on five TCM technologies:fumigation,moxibustion,acupoint patching,acupoint injection,and Chinese herbal soaking.The beginning year and strength in TCM fumigation were 2012 and 5.2,and those in moxibustion were 2011 and 3.38.Conclusion:The related studies are on the rise.It has entered the field of international readers with clear research hot spots.However,there are still shortcomings such as little literature published in Chinese nursing core journals,few non-Chinese-related documents,and a lack of international exchanges and cooperation.The current research hot spots in this field are TCM fumigation,and the cutting-edge trend of future research may be fumigation and moxibustion technology.It is suggested that further research can focus on evidence integration and original research on the self-optimization of these two techniques.
文摘“人工智能驱动的科学研究”(AI for Science,AI4S)是一场正在发生的科技革命,是将人工智能技术与科学研究深度结合,帮助促进发现新知识、解决科学难题的新型科学研究范式。随着AI4S的研究推进,其发展脉络、机遇和挑战、需求和任务、实现路径等问题值得进一步讨论。为此本刊邀请了7位专家组织了本期笔谈。1)支撑AI4S的知识服务:AI4S对当下的知识服务提出了更高的要求,包括多层次知识发现与获取需求;跨学科研究和创新需求;以用户为中心的参与式服务需求,使得知识服务场景向多元化,智能化,专业化,个性化转变。为此须重新定位AI4S环境中知识服务的新角色,明确其在全面支撑科技创新进程中的新任务,树立大文献观,兼顾普惠与专深,以支撑跨学科创新。2)建设AI4S的知识底座:人工智能的本质是知识的获取与利用,而科技文献则是人类知识的主要载体。中国科学院文献情报中心充分认识到AI带来的科研范式变革,提出了构建AI4S的科技文献知识底座的概念,积极挖掘科技文献中蕴含的科学知识和高质量数据,努力构建AI4S的领域智能知识底座,将“科技文献库”转变为“科技知识引擎”,支撑AI4S所需的查询循证、态势感知、推理预测、生成启示等智能化服务。3)驱动AI4S的科学数据:科学数据有效聚合为发挥AI4S的强大功能奠定了数据基础,是图书馆实现AI时代角色与功能变革的前提,是推动科研服务转型、深化科研支持、加速科技创新的必要条件。目前图书馆有效聚合科学数据为AI4S提供支撑仍面临宏观和中观上的诸多挑战,应对该挑战有以下实现路径:明确图书馆在科学数据管理中的角色与作用;营造科学数据管理环境;构建科学数据管理合作网络;提升科学数据管理服务能力。4)AI4S与古典文献智能语言模型:AI4S技术能够用于文献和文本的分析,更快速、更全面地理解大量的历史文献和文化资料。古典文献智能语言模型是人工智能技术在古籍文献研究领域的一项重要突破,为古典文献研究带来了新的机遇和挑战。随着多模态、生成式GPT模型的流行,AI4S情境下古典文献智能语言模型将更加注重整合多样信息、提高适应性、增强知识表示和服务于更广泛的应用场景。5)面向AI4S的图书馆数字学术服务:基于LLM的AI4S和AIGC推动智慧图书馆建设的理念不谋而合,给图书馆数字学术服务带来了机遇和挑战。基于AI4S平台化趋势与数字学术服务中台化特征适配,以及图书馆界长期服务科研工作的历史传统两大特点,其数字学术服务平台的再造路径,包括自主打造AI4S服务平台、购买和使用第三方的AI4S平台和作为科学智能组件的嵌入式知识服务再升级3种。6)AI4S的历史演化与逻辑结构:AI4S是人工智能技术充分应用到各学科领域主导的科学范式变革,其逻辑架构包括“数据+模型”驱动、通过机器猜想打造知识生态和通过算法思维延展应用场景。数智文明时代中,AI4S驱动科学进步与社会发展需要发扬科技向善价值观,有效选择AI4S延展应用到社会科学和人文科学领域的理论论证与方案,并完善人类决策与机器智能融合共建的系列机制。7)AI4S的发展机遇与展望:随着生成式人工智能的发展,预训练算法和预训练大模型为不同学科领域的AI4S带来了巨大机遇,在工业检测、机器人技术和医学等多个领域表现出了巨大的应用潜力和价值。此外,预训练大模型的技术实施条件局限、数据/计算资源的可持续发展、技术的透明性、公正性和可访问性等关键因素也值得重视。