Effect of Two Kinds of Similarity Factors on Principal Component Analysis Fault Detection in Air Conditioning Systems

Screening similar historical fault-free candidate data would greatly affect the effectiveness of fault detection results based on principal component analysis(PCA).In order to find out the candidate data,this study compares unweighted and weighted similarity factors(SFs),which measure the similarity of the principal component subspace corresponding to the first k main components of two datasets.The fault detection employs the principal component subspace corresponding to the current measured data and the historical fault-free data.From the historical fault-free database,the load parameters are employed to locate the candidate data similar to the current operating data.Fault detection method for air conditioning systems is based on principal component.The results show that the weighted principal component SF can improve the effects of the fault-free detection and the fault detection.Compared with the unweighted SF,the average fault-free detection rate of the weighted SF is 17.33%higher than that of the unweighted,and the average fault detection rate is 7.51%higher than unweighted.

Conditional Similarity Solutions of the Boussinesq Equation

The direct method proposed by Clarkson and Kruskal is modified to obtain some conditional similarity solutions of a nonlinear physics model. Taking the (1+ 1 )-dimensional Boussinesq equation as a simple example, six types of conditional similarity reductions are obtained.

Conditional Similarity Reductions of Jimbo—Miwa Equation via the Classical Lie Group Approach

Recently, the Clarkson and Kruskal direct method has been modified to find new similarity reductions (conditional similarity reductions) of nonlinear systems and the results obtained by the modified direct method cannot be obtained by the current classical and/or non-classical Lie group approach. In this paper, we show that the conditional similarity reductions of the Jimbo-Miwa equation can be reobtained by adding an additional constraint equation to the original model to form a conditional equation system first and then solving the model system by means of the classical Lie group approach.

ON THE EXACT HAUSDORFF MEASURE OF A CLASS OF SELF-SIMILAR SETS SATISFYING OPEN SET CONDITION

In this paper, we provide a new effective method for computing the exact value of Hausdorff measures of a class of self-similar sets satisfying the open set condition （OSC）. As applications, we discuss a self-similar Cantor set satisfying OSC and give a simple method for computing its exact Hausdorff measure.

Similarity Solutions for Laminar Boundary Layer Flow of Darcian Fluid over Horizontal Plate with a Convective Boundary Condition

This paper considers the problem of hydrodynamics and thermal boundary layers of Darcy flow over horizontal surface embedded in a porous medium. The solutions of such problems for the cases of uniform surface temperature and variable surface temperature have been studied and analysed in many papers. This paper, however, attempts to find similarity solutions for the Darcy flow problem with a convective boundary condition at the plate surface. It is found that the solution is possible when the heat transfer coefficient is proportional to x–2/3. The numerical solutions thus obtained are analyzed for a range of values of the parameter characterizing the hot fluid convection process. Analytical expressions are provided for local surface heat flux and total surface heat transfer rate while the flow variables are discussed graphically.

高温气冷堆主氦风机变阻力工况调试方法

高温气冷堆主氦风机调试期间,由于一回路阻力低于设计工况,因而主氦风机无法完成全转速范围性能测试。基于主氦风机的理论特性与相似原理开发主氦风机不同阻力工况调试参数的推算方法。结合主氦风机单体试验工况点,准确推算主氦风机冷态与热态性能试验的工况点参数,并指导完成高温气冷堆主氦风机全转速、满功率性能测试。通过对主氦风机调试与出厂试验结果的对比分析,验证本推算方法的可行性,并给出空气介质与氦气介质工况转换的修正因子。通过主氦风机调试与运行数据的对比分析,可以看出本文提供的主氦风机调试工况具有足够的包络性,能够覆盖高温气冷堆运行期间主氦风机的所有运行工况,证明了本文提供的变阻力工况主氦风机调试方法满足高温气冷堆主氦风机性能验证需求,可用于指导后续高温气冷堆的主氦风机调试工作。

n值R_(0)命题逻辑系统中公式的条件随机真度

基于条件概率的思想和赋值集的随机化方法,在n值R_(0)命题系统中提出公式的条件随机真度,证明条件随机真度的MP规则和HS规则。其次,引入公式间的条件随机相似度和条件随机伪距离,建立条件随机逻辑度量空间,进一步给出在条件Γ下的近似推理理论。

基于模式约束的油层单元智能自动对比方法——以渤海湾盆地史南油田史深100区块加积式地层对比为例

针对基于数据驱动的地层自动对比方法难以适应侧向沉积相变快及地层厚度差异大的油层单元自动对比这一问题,建立基于模式约束的油层单元智能自动对比方法。该方法提出在油层单元自动对比中引入知识驱动,采用地层发育模式约束油层单元自动对比过程,并将地层模式约束思想引入构建的相似性度量机及改进的条件约束动态时间规整算法,实现了对标志层及各油层单元界面的自动对比。渤海湾盆地史南油田史深100区块的应用表明:与人工对比结果相比,该方法标志层识别吻合率高于95.00%,油层单元识别平均吻合率达90.02%;与已有自动对比方法相比,油层单元识别平均吻合率提升约17个百分点,有效提高了油层单元自动对比精度。

An intelligent automatic correlation method of oilbearing strata based on pattern constraints:An example of accretionary stratigraphy of Shishen 100 block in Shinan Oilfield of Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Aiming at the problem that the data-driven automatic correlation methods which are difficult to adapt to the automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata with large changes in lateral sedimentary facies and strata thickness,an intelligent automatic correlation method of oil-bearing strata based on pattern constraints is formed.We propose to introduce knowledge-driven in automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata,constraining the correlation process by stratigraphic sedimentary patterns and improving the similarity measuring machine and conditional constraint dynamic time warping algorithm to automate the correlation of marker layers and the interfaces of each stratum.The application in Shishen 100 block in the Shinan Oilfield of the Bohai Bay Basin shows that the coincidence rate of the marker layers identified by this method is over 95.00%,and the average coincidence rate of identified oil-bearing strata reaches 90.02% compared to artificial correlation results,which is about 17 percentage points higher than that of the existing automatic correlation methods.The accuracy of the automatic correlation of oil-bearing strata has been effectively improved.

冷态风量标定的工况选择方法

为保证燃煤机组锅炉表盘风量的准确,需对其进行冷态风量标定。以某机组二次风冷态风量标定为例,分别根据冷热态气流差压相等(动量相等)、风速相等、质量流量相等计算冷态标定参数。由计算结果可知,不同冷热态风量的气流流动相似,风量修正系数一致,只进行一个工况的冷态风量标定即可。但为验证测量装置的线性相关性需进行多个工况的冷态风量标定,且以冷热态气流差压相等选择冷态风量标定工况为宜,即冷态风量质量流量约为热态风量质量流量的1.4倍。实际测试中冷热态不同工况风量修正系数不一致的主要原因是风门开度不同。

Formal Similarity of Solutions in the Laplace Space on the Class of Fluid Flow Differential Equation

In this paper, the fluid flow differential equation based on the homogenous reservoirs model is first reviewed. Then a theorem about the formal similarity of solutions in the Laplace space with outer boundary conditions and inner boundary condition is presented and proved. Lastly, a corollary of our theorem is given particularly on inner boundary. The obtained results are very helpful for understanding inherent laws of relevant engineering science and designing practical analysis software.

On the Preconditioning Properties of RHSS Preconditioner for Saddle-Point Linear Systems

In this paper,for the regularized Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting(RHSS)preconditioner introduced by Bai and Benzi(BIT Numer Math 57:287–311,2017)for the solution of saddle-point linear systems,we analyze the spectral properties of the preconditioned matrix when the regularization matrix is a special Hermitian positive semidefinite matrix which depends on certain parameters.We accurately describe the numbers of eigenvalues clustered at(0,0)and(2,0),if the iteration parameter is close to 0.An estimate about the condition number of the corresponding eigenvector matrix,which partly determines the convergence rate of the RHSS-preconditioned Krylov subspace method,is also studied in this work.

Assessment of Structural Damage Condition Based on Fuzzy Pattern Recognition

This paper presents a new method of damage condition assessment that allows accommodating other types of uncertainties due to ambiguity, vagueness, and fuzziness that are statistically nondescribable. In this method, healthy observations are used to construct a fury set representing sound performance characteristics. Additionally, the bounds on the similarities among the structural damage states are prescribed by using the state similarity matrix. Thus, an optimal group fuzzy sets representing damage states such as little, moderate, and severe damage can be inferred as an inverse problem from healthy observations only. The optimal group of damage fuzzy sets is used to classify a set of observations at any unknown state of damage using the principles of fitzzy pattern recognition based on an approximate principle . This method can be embedded into the system of Structural Health Monitoring （SHM） to give advice about structural maintenance and life predictio comes from Reference [ 9 ] for damage pattern recognition is presented n. Finally, a case and discussed. The study, which compared result illustrates our method is more effective and general, so it is very practical in engineering.

基于高斯混合模型和自适应簇数的文本聚类

针对海量文本难以精准聚类问题,提出了一种基于高斯混合模型和自适应簇数的文本聚类算法(TCA)。首先,采用无意义符号去除、基于齐次马尔科夫假设的文本分词和停用词去除方法,实现数据分词和清洗;其次,提出权衡关键词频率和普适性的关键词权重,选择关键词和进行文本向量化;再次,在高斯混合模型的基础上,引入文本相似度,提出权衡条件概率和相似度的文本权重;最后,通过轮盘赌初始化聚类中心,更新多维高斯分布模型参数,实现分簇数量确定的文本聚类。同时,为了自适应文本分簇数量,在肘部法则的基础上确定最优分簇数量,从而提高聚类效果。仿真结果表明:TCA能自适应文本聚类数量和获得其分布,提高聚类的准确率和召回率,有助于更好地实现海量文本的精确聚类。

水下爆炸冲击因子异化特征研究

针对水下非接触爆炸缩比模型试验相似规律问题,基于相似理论,在满足单值条件的前提下,讨论了单值物理量对水下爆炸冲击因子的影响。舰船结构毁伤模式局限在塑性大变形范围内时,从单值量相似的角度出发推导了水下非接触爆炸冲击波平面波效应条件下的一种新型冲击因子。以某型舰船的典型平板、加筋板架和船舯舱段结构为研究对象,采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法,在不同缩尺比条件下,从目标结构的变形挠度、变形速度和应力变化三个方面评估新型冲击因子的有效性。结果表明,新型冲击因子较传统冲击因子在模型试验向原型转化精度方面有较大提升。

基于云相似度与证据融合的电力变压器状态评价方法

针对电力变压器状态评价过程中存在的不确定性,提出一种基于云相似度和证据融合的电力变压器状态评价方法。首先,考虑到各指标在状态等级边界处的随机性与模糊性问题,采用云模型来建立状态评价的基本框架。其次,为兼顾状态等级划分的严明性和模糊性,采用改进的云熵优化算法确定云模型的熵值。然后,考虑到指标数据本身的不确定性,利用正向云发生器和云合成算法生成各试验项目待识别云和标尺云,并采用模糊贴近度计算二者间的相似度作为证据源的基本概率分配。最后,采用考虑证据可信度和不确定度的冲突证据修正方法修正证据源,并融合不同证据以判断电力变压器的最终状态。经实例验证,相较于传统方法,所提方法能够有效处理状态评价过程中的不确定性,评价结果符合电力变压器的真实情况,对电力设备状态评价有一定参考价值。

人类活动对秦岭月河流域径流变化的影响分析

气候变化和人类活动是河川径流变化的主要驱动力。在相似气候的前提下,人类活动是流域径流变化的主导因素,定量识别人类活动对径流变化的作用机制对深入探究径流的变化特征具有重要意义。本研究以秦岭月河流域为研究对象,基于流域内水量平衡的基本原理,在相似气候的前提下,结合土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)和归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化,分析月河流域的径流变化来量化人类活动对径流的影响程度。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年流域内径流量的平均值为8.3×10^(8)m^(3),径流整体呈现出减少的趋势,变化趋势不显著。(2)在相似气候的前提下,本研究共得出6组气候相似年组,其中有3组年径流量增加,2组年径流量减少。(3)以第3组相似年组(2000年和2016年)为例来定量区分气候变化和人类活动对流域径流的影响,2016年与2000年相比,径流减少了4.7×10^(8)m^(3)。(4)在第3组相似年组的时段内有25751.4 hm^(2)的耕地转化为林地,林地面积增加了24998.9 hm^(2)。(5)NDVI的变化主要是由于人类活动所致,同一时段内NDVI增加的面积为242652.0 hm^(2),NDVI的变化趋势与径流量变化趋势相反。本研究可为分析人类活动对秦岭河川径流变化的影响提供理论依据。

计及预测误差时空-条件相依特性的日内光伏出力区间预测方法

由于光伏出力预测误差无法避免,区间预测可以更准确地描述光伏的不确定性,从而对电力系统的决策提供指导,而现有研究方法不能够充分地挖掘光伏功率的物理变化过程,因此提出了一种考虑预测误差时空-条件相依特性的日内光伏出力区间预测框架。首先通过外观相似性更新(appearance similarity update,ASU)模型得到考虑时间相依性的预测误差,再通过长短期记忆(long short-term memory,LSTM)网络模型以及空间相关性的分析得到考虑空间相依性的预测误差,并对预测的出力进行修正,最后依据其误差的条件相依性得到不同置信度下的区间预测。整体框架的效果在新疆光伏电场被验证,其均方根误差能够降低3%以上,同时考虑更新后的预测误差时空-条件相依性的区间预测效果有所提升,验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。

气氢/液氧同轴喷注器变工况燃烧流场相似性

为研究不同室压工况下气氢/液氧燃烧流场的相似性,设计了喷注器试验件,并采用数值仿真和热试验的方法对气氢/液氧喷注器的喷雾燃烧流场进行了研究。数值仿真选取试验件的1/6进行三维稳态计算,其中湍流模型采用SST k-ω模型、化学反应采用考虑氢氧6组分9步反应机理的涡耗散概念模型、液氧液滴采用离散相模型,共进行了2.8~9.8 MPa范围内8种典型工况的数值仿真。热试验采用气氢/液氧推进剂,进行了4.5 MPa、5.4 MPa和6.8 MPa这3种不同室压工况共4次挤压热试验,采用量热式水冷身部对燃烧室壁面热流进行了测量。仿真和试验结果表明:对于气氢/液氧同轴直流喷注器,在混合比、氢氧温度和喷注速度相同的情况下,当室压大于液氧临界压力时的燃烧流场具有相似性;而室压小于液氧临界压力时的燃烧流场与大于临界压力的燃烧流场结构存在差异。