Modeling and Statistical Properties Research on Online Real-Time Information Transmission Network

In this paper, the model of the online real-time information transmission network, such as wechat, micro-blog, and QQ network, is proposed and built, based on the connection properties between users of the online real-time information transmission network, and combined with the local world evolving characteristics in complex network, then the statistical topological properties of the network is obtained by numerical simulation. Furthermore, we simulated the process of information transmission on the network, according to the actual characteristics of the online real-time information transmission. Statistics show that the degree distribution presents the characteristics of scale free network, presenting power law distribution, while the average path length, the average clustering coefficient and the average size of the network also has a power-law relationship, moreover, the model parameters has no effect on power-law exponent. The spread of information on the network represents obvious fluctuation scaling, reflecting the characteristics that information transmission fluctuates over time.

Real-time performance of periodic data transmission in EPA industrial Ethernet

To evaluate and improve the real-time performance of Ethernet for plant automation（EPA） industrial Ethernet,the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission was theoretically and experimentally studied.By analyzing information transmission regularity and EPA deterministic scheduling mechanism,periodic messages were categorized as different modes according to their entering-queue time.The scheduling characteristics and delivery time of each mode and their interacting relations were studied,during which the models of real-time performance of periodic information transmission in EPA system were established.On this basis,an experimental platform is developed to test the delivery time of periodic messages transmission in EPA system.According to the analysis and the experiment,the main factors that limit the real-time performance of EPA periodic data transmission and the improvement methods were proposed.

Transmission Considerations with QoS Support to Deliver Real-Time Distributed Speech Recognition Applications

Distributed speech recognition (DSR) applications have certain QoS (Quality of service) requirements in terms of latency, packet loss rate, etc. To deliver quality guaranteed DSR application over wirelined or wireless links, some QoS mechanisms should be provided. We put forward a RTP/RSVP transmission scheme with DSR-specific payload and QoS parameters by modifying the present WAP protocol stack. The simulation result shows that this scheme will provide adequate network bandwidth to keep the real-time transport of DSR data over either wirelined or wireless channels.

Development of 16-channels Compact EEG System Using Real-time High-speed Wireless Transmission

For the convenience of people with disability and for normal people, a demand for intelligent interfaces is ever increasing and therefore related studies are actively being conducted. Recently a study is being conducted to develop an interface through face expression, movement of the body and eye movements, and further more active attempts to use electrical signals(brainwave, electrocardiogram, electromyogram) measured from the human body is also actively being progressed. In addition, the development and the usage of mobile devices and smart devices are promoting these research activities even more. The brainwave is measured by electrical activities between nerve cells in the cerebral cortex using scalp electrodes. The brainwave is mainly used for diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, encephalitis, brain tumors and brain damage. As a result, the brainwave measurement methods and analytical methods were developed. Interface using the brainwave will not go through language or body behavior which is the result of the information processed by the brain but will pass directly to the system providing a brain-computer interface (BCI). This is possible because a variety of the brainwave appears depending on the human’s physical and mental state. Using the brainwave with the intelligent brain-computer interface or combining it with mobile devices and smart devices, regardless of space constraints, the brainwave measurement should be possible.[4,7] In this study, in order to measure the brainwave without spatial constraint, 16 channel compact brainwave measurements system using a high-speed wireless communications were designed. It was designed with a 16 channel to classify the various brainwave patterns that appear and for estimating the location of the nerve cells that triggered the brainwave. And in order to transmit the brainwave data within the channel without loss, a high-speed wireless communication must be possible that can enable a high-speed wireless transmission more sufficient than the Bluetooth, therefore, 802.11 compliant Wi-Fi communication methods were used to transfer the data to the PC. In addition, by using an analog front-end IC having a single-chip configuration with real-time digital filters, the miniaturization of the system was implemented and in order to verify the system Eye-blocking was used to observe the changes in the EEG signal.

Development of TaqMan-based Real-time PCR Assay for Detecting Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus and Its Application in Vaccine Evaluation

[Objective] This study aimed to establish a TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay for detecting transmissible gastroenteritis virus （TGEV）. [Method] Primers and a probe were designed according to the conserved sequence of N gene in TGEV genome. After gradient dilution, the recombinant plasmid harboring the N gene was used as a standard for real-time PCR assay to establish the standard curve. [Re- sult] The results showed that the established real-time PCR assay exhibited a good linear relationship within the range of 102-10^10 copies/ul; the correlation coefficient was above 0.99 and the amplification efficiency ranged from 90% to 110%. The de- tection limit of real-time PCR assay for TGEV was 10 copies/μl, suggesting a high sensitivity; there was no cross reaction with other porcine viruses, indicating a good specificity; coefficients of variation within and among batches were lower than 3%, suggesting a good repeatability. The established real-time PCR method could be ap- plied in quantitative analysis and evaluation of the immune efficacy of TGEV vac- cines and detection of TGEV in clinical samples. [Conclusion] The TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay established in this study is highly sensitive and specific, which can provide technical means for the epidemiological survey of TGEV, development of TGEV vaccines and investigation of the pathogenesis of TGE.

Optimal Design of Aperture Illuminations for Microwave Power Transmission with Annular Collection Areas

This work presents an optimal design method of antenna aperture illumination for microwave power transmission with an annular collection area.The objective is to maximize the ratio of the power radiated on the annular collection area to the total transmitted power.By formulating the aperture amplitude distribution through a summation of a special set of series,the optimal design problem can be reduced to finding the maximum ratio of two real quadratic forms.Based on the theory of matrices,the solution to the formulated optimization problem is to determine the largest characteristic value and its associated characteristic vector.To meet security requirements,the peak radiation levels outside the receiving area are considered to be extra constraints.A hybrid grey wolf optimizer and Nelder–Mead simplex method is developed to deal with this constrained optimization problem.In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,numerical experiments on continuous apertures are conducted;then,discrete arrays of isotropic elements are employed to validate the correctness of the optimized results.Finally,patch arrays are adopted to further verify the validity of the proposed method.

Design and implementation of multi-hop video transmission experiment system in VANET

Abts ract A wireless mutl i-hop videot ransmission experiment system is designed and implemented for vehiculra ad-hoc networks VANET and the rt ansm ission control protocol and routing protocol are proposed. This system in tegrates the embedded Linux system witha n ARM kernel and oc ns ists of a S3C6410 main control module a wirel ss local arean etwork WLAN card a LCD screne and so on.In the scenario of a wireless multi-hop video transmission both the H.264 and JPEG are used and their performances such as the compression rate delay and frame loss rate are analyzed in theory andc ompared in the experiment.The system is tested in the real indoor and outdoor environment.The results show that the scheme of the multi-hop video transmission experiment system can be applicable for VANET and multiple scenes and the transmission control protocol and routing protocol proposed can achieve real-time transmission and meet multi-hop requirements.

A real-time AI-assisted seismic monitoring system based on new nodal stations with 4G telemetry and its application in the Yangbi M_(S) 6.4 aftershock monitoring in southwest China

A rapidly deployable dense seismic monitoring system which is capable of transmitting acquired data in real time and analyzing data automatically is crucial in seismic hazard mitigation after a major earthquake.However,it is rather difficult for current seismic nodal stations to transmit data in real time for an extended period of time,and it usually takes a great amount of time to process the acquired data manually.To monitor earthquakes in real time flexibly,we develop a mobile integrated seismic monitoring system consisting of newly developed nodal units with 4G telemetry and a real-time AI-assisted automatic data processing workflow.The integrated system is convenient for deployment and has been successfully applied in monitoring the aftershocks of the Yangbi M_(S) 6.4 earthquake occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi County,Dali,Yunnan in southwest China.The acquired seismic data are transmitted almost in real time through the 4G cellular network,and then processed automat-ically for event detection,positioning,magnitude calculation and source mechanism inversion.From tens of seconds to a couple of minutes at most,the final seismic attributes can be presented remotely to the end users through the integrated system.From May 27 to June 17,the real-time system has detected and located 7905 aftershocks in the Yangbi area before the internal batteries exhausted,far more than the catalog provided by China Earthquake Networks Center using the regional permanent stations.The initial application of this inte-grated real-time monitoring system is promising,and we anticipate the advent of a new era for Real-time Intelligent Array Seismology(RIAS),for better monitoring and understanding the subsurface dynamic pro-cesses caused by Earth's internal forces as well as anthropogenic activities.

Priority-Based Real-Time Stream Coding over Multi-Channel with Packet Erasures

Multi-channel can be used to provide higher transmission ability to the bandwidth-intensive and delay-sensitive real-time streams. However, traditional channel capacity theories and coding schemes are seldom designed for the real-time streams with strict delay constraint, especially in multi-channel context. This paper considers a real-time stream system, where real-time messages with different importance should be transmitted through several packet erasure channels, and be decoded by the receiver within a fixed delay. Based on window erasure channels and i.i.d.(identically and independently distributed) erasure channels, we derive the Multi-channel Real-time Stream Transmission(MRST) capacity models for Symmetric Real-time(SR) streams and Asymmetric Real-time(AR) streams respectively. Moreover, for window erasures, a Maximum Equilibrium Intra-session Code(MEIC) is presented for SR and AR streams, and is shown able to asymptotically achieve the theoretical MRST capacity. For i.i.d. erasures, we propose an Adaptive Maximum Equilibrium Intra-session Code(AMEIC), and then prove AMEIC can closely approach the MRST transmission capacity. Finally, the performances of the proposed codes are verified by simulations.

A Method of Insulator’s NSDD Measurement and Its Device Based on Laser Transmission Principle

Accuracy measurement of the Non-soluble Deposit Density (NSDD) on the insulator surface is very important for the transmission line anti-pollution flashover works. A method to measure the NSDD on double sheds porcelain insulator surface based on laser transmission principle is proposed in this paper. Laser unit and luminous intensity sensor are installed between the up and down surface of the double sheds porcelain insulators, two glass tablets are put between the double sheds. The contamination on the glass tablets will influence the luminous intensity that reaches the intensity sensor. The luminous signal is changed to electrical signal, and the insulator’s NSDD could be obtained based on the difference of luminous intensity. The device can be used in online monitoring of the insulator's NSDD condition on the insulator surface.

Asymptomatic seminal infection of herpes simplex virus:impact on male infertility

In more than half of infertile men, the cause of their infertility is unknown. Several studies revealed the role of viral infections in male infertility. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of herpes simplex virus-1 （HSV-1） and HSV-2 in semen from asymptomatic infertile male patients, and its association with altered semen parameters. A total of 70 semen samples were collected from infertile men who attended the Research and Clinical Center for Infertility in Yazd, Iran. Semen analysis and diagnostic real-time PCR using specific primers and probes for HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed. Comparison of semen parameters between virally in- fected and non-infected samples were performed with independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Semen analysis showed that infertile men fell into two groups, the male factor group and the unexplained group. HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA was detected in 16 （22.9%） and 10 （14.3%） of 70 semen samples, respectively. All HSV-positive samples had abnormal semen parameters （the male factor group）. Although HSV infection was not associated with sperm motility and morphological defects, it was correlated with lower sperm count in the seminal fluid. The findings suggest that asymptomatic seminal infection of HSV plays an important role in male infertility by adversely af- fecting sperm count.

Preliminary study on Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of human oral epithelial cell in vitro

Objective： To explore the functions and mechanisms of herpes simplex virus type I（HSV-1） while infecting human oral epithelial cells in vitro（being similar to the infection in vivo）. Methods：An abundance of HSV-1 strains amplified in Vero cells were used to infect human oral epithelial cells. The culture supernatant was collected to infect Vero cells again. Morphology of HSV-1 was identified by inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. Nucleic acid of the virus was detected by PCR. Results：The infected human oral epithelial cells didn＇ t display an obvious cytopathic effect（CPE） under inverted microscope（while Vero cells which were infected by the culture supernatant showed typical（CPE）. The virus particles were not observed in the cytoplasm nor in nucleus of human oral epithelial cells, however under transmission electron microscope in the cytoplasm of Vero cells, the nucleic acid of HSV-1 could be detected in infected human oral epithelial cells, by PCR. Conclusion-HSV-1 can successfully infect human oral epithelial cells. This model may provide a useful approach for studying the pathogenesis of herpes virus-associated periodontal disease.

Real-time evolution of up-conversion nanocrystals from tailored metastable intermediates

In-situ observation of the growth and decomposition processes is significantly important for guiding the fabrication of upconversion nanocrystals(UCNCs)with high performance.However,the high crystallization energy and rapid nucleation rate of the corresponding crystals make real-time observation still a huge challenge.Herein,the in-situ nucleation-growth-degradation processes of the UCNCs are investigated by employing tailored metastable intermediates,which possess a slowing-down nucleation rate under electron beam irradiation.The non-classical nucleation processes of the UCNCs,containing the coalescence of clusters and the subsequent crystallization,are demonstrated.Moreover,the Ostwald ripening and oriented attachment processes,which determine the particle size and morphology,are unambiguously recorded.Furthermore,the degrading process of the UCNCs is observed to be triggered by surface defects.Our work provides an insight into the real-time evolution dynamics of the UCNCs,which further sheds light on the fabrication of nano-sized up-conversion phosphors.

基于改进粒子群算法的输电网扩展规划

输电网扩展规划是一个非常复杂的大规模组合优化问题,提出了一种改进粒子群算法求解此类优化问题。该算法针对传统的粒子群算法存在的缺点,对粒子群迭代行动策略、初始化策略以及惯性权重的调整进行了改进,并将单纯形法引入到算法中,弥补算法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,提高了粒子群算法的搜索效率,使其更适用于输电网扩展规划。将其应用到Garver-6节点系统和一个18节点系统,计算结果证明该算法的可行性和有效性。

基于改进单纯形法的输电网规划项目经济评估

输电网规划项目评估是电力系统规划决策中的重要一环,精确的评估需要考虑众多因素。当前电力市场环境赋予其更多新的特点,使输电网规划项目评估更加复杂。针对这种情况,美国加州独立系统调度机构(ISO)提出了一个用于输电项目经济评估方法学(TEAM)的基本框架,在这个框架中,从用户、发电厂商、输电网所有者或运行部门,以及全社会的角度出发,定义了4项经济评估指标。文中基于这个框架结构,采用改进单纯形法,通过发掘评估指标相对系统负荷变化具有近似分段线性的规律,对这一系列的经济指标进行了估算。在规划阶段原始数据极为有限的情况下,这种估算方法能够对各项评估指标进行快速、准确的估算,相对于传统的逐小时详细仿真计算方法优势显著。文中算例对3节点和修改后的IEEE 14节点系统进行了指标估算,结果表明,文中提出的基于改进单纯形法的输电网规划项目评估方法是有效的,具有一定的实用价值。

用透过率测试曲线确定半导体薄膜的光学常数和厚度

介绍了一种简单而准确地确定薄膜光学常数和厚度的方法 .借助于Forouhi Bloomer物理模型 ,用改进的单纯形法拟合分光光度计透过率测试曲线 ,获得半导体薄膜的光学常数和厚度 .对射频磁控溅射和直流反应溅射制备的玻璃基板上的α Si和ZnO薄膜进行了实验 ,拟合的理论曲线和实验曲线吻合得非常好 .计算得到的结果与文献报道的结果和台阶仪的测量结果一致 ,误差小于 4 % .该方法对无定形或多晶的半导体薄膜都适用 ,也可以用于计算厚度较薄的薄膜 .

透射光谱法测光栅参数的可行性

利用透射光谱,结合正单纯形法来反演折射率调制光栅参数,首先利用光栅衍射傅里叶模式理论及RTCM算法得出在200nm^900nm波长范围内的透射光谱曲线,从上取5个点,作为理论计算值; 其次,在上述曲线上加入偏差不同的高斯噪声,以模拟透射光谱的测量曲线,再从每条曲线上各取5个对应点,获取模拟测量值;然后,假定光栅参数的初始值,代入评价函数,用正单纯形法不断进行迭代反演,得到光栅参数的计算模拟结果。此方法简单、快速、精确。

改进粒子群算法及其在输电网规划中的应用

根据粒子群算法收敛性受初始粒子分布影响较大的特点,结合非线性单纯体法(nonlinear simplex method NSM),提出了一种粒子群初始化方法。该方法克服了随机初始化粒子时不能保证粒子合理分布的缺点,对提高初始粒子质量、加速 PSO 算法的收敛速度起到了有效的作用;同时分析了罚函数形式的适应度函数使迭代过程产生振荡的现象,根据对偶拉格朗日法,提出了一种交叉迭代法,克服了罚函数法的不足。最后通过算例证明了这 2 种方法应用于电网规划的有效性和正确性,为 PSO 算法的进一步改进拓展了思路。

混合直流输电系统的参数优化方法

混合直流输电系统结合了传统电网换相换流器(LCC)和电压源换流器(VSC)的优点,具有广泛的应用前景。文中针对整流侧为LCC换流站、逆变侧为VSC换流站的混合直流输电系统,介绍了单极型、伪双极型、双极型3种不同混合直流结构的特点及应用场合。考虑到混合直流输电系统的主电路参数和控制系统参数对系统的运行特性都有直接的影响,提出了一种可以同步优化主电路和控制系统参数的方法。首先,重点阐述了系统参数中直流平波电抗器L和直流电容器C的参数设计原则,然后基于Simplex算法对LC参数以及两侧控制器比例-积分的参数进行了优化。在电磁暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC下搭建了混合直流输电系统的模型,仿真结果表明,使用Simplex算法对系统参数进行优化后,其运行特性将得到改善,从而验证了所提出的参数设计优化方法的有效性。

基于原–对偶内点法的节点边际电价计算

节点边际电价在电力交易和处理输电阻塞中具有重要作用。文中建立了计算节点边际电价的线性规划模型,分析了利用传统线性规划方法求解节点电价存在的困难,提出了基于原–对偶内点法的节点边际电价计算方法。对典型的6节点电力系统进行了计算验证,结果表明,所提出的方法计算结果符合理论要求,计算速度快,收敛性好。