Simplexmethod建模研讨

目的 Linear Programming的simplexmethod建模求最优解。方法应用simplexmethod.结果建立了LinearProgramming的数学模型并用simplexmethod求得了最优解.结论因为单纯形表反映了Linear Programming的所有信息,故用simplexmethod可简便地求得最优解.simplexmethod的基本思路是:先将Linear Programming用sim-plexmethod划为标准型,根据问题的标准型,进行初等行变换,将主元素列除主元素化为1外其余的元素均化为0,当基变量值全为非负时,问题就得到了最优解.

Global convergent algorithm for the bilevel linear fractional-linear programming based on modified convex simplex method

A global convergent algorithm is proposed to solve bilevel linear fractional-linear programming, which is a special class of bilevel programming. In our algorithm, replacing the lower level problem by its dual gap equaling to zero, the bilevel linear fractional-linear programming is transformed into a traditional sin- gle level programming problem, which can be transformed into a series of linear fractional programming problem. Thus, the modi- fied convex simplex method is used to solve the infinite linear fractional programming to obtain the global convergent solution of the original bilevel linear fractional-linear programming. Finally, an example demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.

Estimation of mass transfer coefficient in ozone absorption by linear least square fitting and Simplex search methods

For physical ozone absorption without reaction,two parametric estimation methods,i.e.the common linear least square fitting and non-linear Simplex search methods,were applied,respectively,to determine the ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption and both methods give almost the same mass transfer coefficient.While for chemical absorption with ozone decomposition reaction,the common linear least square fitting method is not applicable for the evaluation of ozone mass transfer coefficient due to the difficulty of model linearization for describing ozone concentration dissolved in water.The nonlinear Simplex method obtains the mass transfer coefficient by minimizing the sum of the differences between the simulated and experimental ozone concentration during the whole absorption process,without the limitation of linear relationship between the dissolved ozone concentration and absorption time during the initial stage of absorption.Comparison of the ozone concentration profiles between the simulation and experimental data demonstrates that Simplex method may determine ozone mass transfer coefficient during absorption in an accurate and high efficiency way with wide applicability.

Partial Pricing Rule Simplex Method with Deficient Basis

A new partial pricing column rule is proposed to the basis-deficiency-allowing simplex method developed by Pan.Computational results obtained with a set of small problems and a set of standard NETLIB problems show its promise of success.

PID Parameters for Tuning and Optimization of a Turbine EngineBased on the Simplex Search Method

A PID parameters tuning and optimization method for a turbine engine based on the simplex search method was proposed. Taking time delay of combustion and actuator into account, a simulation model of a PID control system for a turbine engine was developed. A performance index based on the integral of absolute error （IAE） was given as an objective function of optimization. In order to avoid the sensitivity that resulted from the initial values of the simplex search method, the traditional Ziegler-Nichols method was used to tune PID parameters to obtain the initial values at first, then the simplex search method was applied to optimize PID parameters for the turbine engine. Simulation results indicate that the simplex search method is a reasonable and effective method for PID controller parameters tuning and optimization.

TLE orbit determination using simplex method

Two-Line Element(TLE)datasets are the only orbital data source of Earth-orbiting space objects for many civil users for their research and applications.The datasets have uneven qualities that may affect the reliability of the propagated positions of space objects using a single TLE.The least squares approach to use multiple TLEs also suffers from the poor quality of some TLEs,and reliable error information cannot be available.This paper proposes a simplex algorithm to estimate an optimal TLE from multiple TLEs and obtain the uncertainty of each element.It is a derivative-free technique that can deal with various orbit types.Experiments have demonstrated that using the TLE estimated from the simplex method is more reliable,stable,and effective than those from the batch least squares method.As an application example,the optimal TLE and its uncertainty are used for predicting the fallen area,keeping the actual fallen site in the prediction areas.

Numerical Optimization of Sand Casting Parameters Using the Dantzig’s Simplex Method

This study adopts the Dantzig’s Simplex method to investigate optimization of sand casting parameters for optimum service performance. Some process variables and mechanical properties were adapted into the Simplex method. Aluminium alloy samples were cast, machined and subjected to a series of mechanical tests. From the body of data collected, linear functions and constraint equations were formulated and employed in the Dantzig’s Simplex method for optimization of process parameters. The results showed that the Simplex method can be adapted for studying performance opti- mization of castings.

KY(CO_(3))_(2):Sm^(3+)新型红光荧光粉的制备及其发光性能研究

为解决白光LED中因蓝光芯片激发黄色荧光粉而导致显色指数较低问题,采用水热法制备一种新型红光荧光粉KY(CO_(3))_(2):Sm^(3+)。通过X射线粉末衍射、光致发光光谱、色度坐标及荧光寿命等表征手段研究样品的物相结构及其发光性能。结果表明:掺入Sm^(3+)后,KY(CO_(3))_(2)的晶体结构并没有发生改变。随着Sm^(3+)掺杂量的增加,荧光粉的发光强度先增强后减弱,最佳掺杂浓度为10%。Dexter理论分析表明,Sm^(3+)的浓度猝灭归因于电偶极-电偶极相互作用机制。以596 nm作为监测波长,KY(CO_(3))_(2):Sm^(3+)荧光粉激发峰主要包含402 nm (6H_(5/2)→4F_(7/2))和474 nm (6H_(5/2)→4I_(13/2)) 2波长,表明该荧光粉可以被商用紫外LED芯片和蓝光LED芯片有效激发。改变Sm^(3+)掺杂比例,荧光粉色度坐标值基本保持不变,均位于标准红光区,因此KY(CO_(3))_(2):Sm^(3+)红光荧光粉有望作为白光LED用红光荧光粉。

Application of Simplex Method in the Radiotherapy Treatment

This work presents an application of the Simplex Method for solving an optimal planning problem for cancer treatment by radiotherapy. Linear Programming can aid the optimal planning for radiation therapy, where the concern is to apply a high enough radiation in the tumor while saving significantly healthy regions or critical organs.

Minimizing Complementary Pivots in a Simplex-Based Solution Method for a Quadratic Programming Problem

The paper presents an approach for avoiding and minimizing the complementary pivots in a simplex based solution method for a quadratic programming problem. The linearization of the problem is slightly changed so that the simplex or interior point methods can solve with full speed. This is a big advantage as a complementary pivot algorithm will take roughly eight times as longer time to solve a quadratic program than the full speed simplex-method solving a linear problem of the same size. The strategy of the approach is in the assumption that the solution of the quadratic programming problem is near the feasible point closest to the stationary point assuming no constraints.

Using the Simplex Method for a Type of Allocation Problems

In this study we discuss the use of the simplex method to solve allocation problems whose flow matrices are doubly stochastic. Although these problems can be solved via a 0 - 1 integer programming method, H. W. Kuhn [1] suggested the use of linear programming in addition to the Hungarian method. Specifically, we use the existence theorem of the solution along with partially total unimodularity and nonnegativeness of the incidence matrix to prove that the simplex method facilitates solving these problems. We also provide insights as to how a partition including a particular unit may be obtained.

Cs_(4)EuI_(6)∶Sm近红外闪烁晶体的生长及发光性能研究

随着长波敏感硅基光电探测器的发展,近红外闪烁晶体逐渐成为研究热点,其中Sm^(2+)掺杂的Eu^(2+)基卤化物晶体表现出优异的近红外发光性能。本文利用布里奇曼法成功制备了尺寸达到厘米级别的Cs_(4)EuI_(6)∶Sm近红外闪烁晶体,通过XRD、XPS和ICP-OES等手段研究了晶体的组分和结构。结果表明,Sm^(2+)成功掺入Cs_(4)EuI_(6)基质,且对基质的晶体结构无明显影响。在紫外和X射线的激发下,晶体主要呈现两个发光中心(Eu^(2+)和Sm^(2+)),发光峰位于450和840 nm左右,分别对应于Eu^(2+)和Sm^(2+)的5d→4f的跃迁发光,紫外激发下的Eu^(2+)和Sm^(2+)的荧光衰减寿命均处于微秒级别。结果表明,随着Sm^(2+)掺杂浓度的增加,发光波长由蓝光逐渐变为近红外光。同时系统研究了不同Sm^(2+)浓度掺杂对晶体发光性能、Eu^(2+)-Sm^(2+)能量传递及荧光寿命的影响,实验结果表明,改变Sm^(2+)掺杂浓度可以调控晶体的发光性能。

Hybrid Improved Self-adaptive Differential Evolution and Nelder-Mead Simplex Method for Solving Constrained Real-Parameters

In this paper, a new hybrid algorithm based on exploration power of a new improvement self-adaptive strategy for controlling parameters in DE （differential evolution） algorithm and exploitation capability of Nelder-Mead simplex method is presented （HISADE-NMS）. The DE has been used in many practical cases and has demonstrated good convergence properties. It has only a few control parameters as number of particles （NP）, scaling factor （F） and crossover control （CR）, which are kept fixed throughout the entire evolutionary process. However, these control parameters are very sensitive to the setting of the control parameters based on their experiments. The value of control parameters depends on the characteristics of each objective function, therefore, we have to tune their value in each problem that mean it will take too long time to perform. In the new manner, we present a new version of the DE algorithm for obtaining self-adaptive control parameter settings. Some modifications are imposed on DE to improve its capability and efficiency while being hybridized with Nelder-Mead simplex method. To valid the robustness of new hybrid algorithm, we apply it to solve some examples of structural optimization constraints.

反常热猝灭Sr_(2)Ga_(2)SiO_(7)∶Sm^(3)+红色荧光粉的合成及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了系列Sr_(2-x)Ga_(2)SiO_(7)∶xSm^(3)+红色荧光粉,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、光致发光(PL)光谱、高温荧光光谱、荧光量子效率和荧光衰减寿命等一系列表征手段对合成荧光粉的物相及晶体结构、发光性能和热稳定性进行研究。一系列结果表明,在404 nm紫外光激发下,Sr_(2-x)Ga_(2)SiO_(7)∶xSm^(3)+荧光粉在598 nm处发出明亮的红色光。Sr_(2-x)Ga_(2)SiO_(7)∶xSm^(3)+荧光粉发光强度随Sm^(3)+离子浓度变化,在x=0.03时发生浓度猝灭,是由电偶极-电偶极相互作用导致的。随着温度逐渐上升,系列荧光粉表现出反常的热猝灭现象,在393 K时发光强度达到最大,强度为室温下的102.5%;在473 K时,发光强度仍可以保持室温下的101.3%。此外,最佳样品的荧光量子效率可达72.5%。研究表明,Sr_(2-x)Ga_(2)SiO_(7)∶xSm^(3)+红色荧光粉是一种具有高热稳定性、高量子效率可用于WLED的发光材料。

Effect of Dopant Concentration on Luminescence Properties of KCaPO4:Sm

KCaPO4 doped with different concentrations of Sm was synthesised by a high-temperature solid-state method, and the crystal structure, morphology, TL and OSL properties of Sm-doped KCaPO4 were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermoluminescence (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques. The results show that 0.3 mol% Sm-doped KCaPO4 annealed at 1073 K for 1 h has the highest TL intensity, and thus is expected to be a candidate material for thermoluminescence dosimetry applications.

基于Sm^(3+)敏化的红色荧光粉Na_(5)Y(MoO_(4))_(4)∶Eu^(3+)发光性能研究

采用高温固相法制备了一系列新型Na_(5)Y_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶x Eu^(3+)(x=0~0.14)和Na_(5)Y_(0.9)-y(MoO_(4))_(4)∶0.1Eu^(3+),y Sm^(3+)(y=0~0.08)红色荧光粉,并对Na_(5)Y_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶x Eu^(3+)(x=0~0.14)和Na_(5)Y_(0.9)-y(MoO_(4))_(4)∶0.1Eu^(3+),y Sm^(3+)(y=0~0.08)的物相结构、发光性能、热稳定性、荧光寿命等性能进行了研究。结果表明,在单掺Eu^(3+)的条件下,Na_(5)Y_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶x Eu^(3+)(x=0~0.14)荧光粉在395nm紫外光激发下,发射出峰值波长在615nm的强红光,其掺杂浓度为x=0.1,样品的发光强度最高。进一步探究Sm^(3+)对Eu^(3+)在Na_(5)Y_(1-x)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶x Eu^(3+)(x=0~0.14)中的敏化增强作用。通过研究该样品不同Sm^(3+)掺杂浓度下的荧光发射谱,发现Sm^(3+)敏化增强的最佳掺杂浓度为y=0.04;相较于单掺Eu^(3+)的样品,Sm^(3+)敏化后的样品其发光强度为原来的113.8%。Sm^(3+)敏化后的样品存在能量传递现象,能量传递机制为Eu^(3+)与Sm^(3+)之间的电偶极-电偶极相互作用。温度相关荧光发射谱实验结果表明Na_(5)Y_(0.86)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶0.1Eu^(3+),0.04Sm^(3+)具有较好的热稳定性,在437K时荧光发射强度约为室温时的70%左右,而Na_(5)Y_(0.9)(MoO_(4))_(4)∶0.1Eu^(3+)在437K时的荧光发射强度约为室温时的68%左右。因此,Sm^(3+)敏化的Eu^(3+)掺杂Na_(5)Y(MoO_(4))_(4)荧光粉在白光LED领域中具有较大的应用可能性。

碱金属掺杂对高温固相法制备的CaMoO_(4):Sm^(3+)荧光粉发光性质的影响

在无机发光材料领域里,值得注意的是具有稳定化学及物理性质的优良材料钼酸钙。本次研究使用高温固相法制备一系列单一基质Ca MoO_(4)掺杂Sm^(3+)的白光荧光粉,并使用XRD测试其物相结构,用激发和发射光谱测试发光性能。最终研究发现钼酸钙(CaMoO_(4))中Sm^(3+)掺杂浓度为0.020时,荧光粉发光性能最强。当进一步掺杂碱金属作电荷补偿剂时,CaMoO_(4):0.020Sm^(3+)的发光强度最优异,其中掺杂K^(+)的荧光粉样品具有最大的发光强度,表明这种荧光粉在发光二极管照明方面具有深远而广阔的发展前景。

SrMoO_4∶Sm^(3+),Na^+红色荧光粉的形貌调控和发光性能

以Sm^(3+)为激活剂,Na^+为电荷补偿剂,柠檬酸为配位剂,乙二醇作为辅助配位剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成前驱体,然后在800℃下焙烧,成功制备了一系列SrMoO_4∶Sm^(3+),Na^+红色荧光粉。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱等手段对样品的物相、形貌、组成、发光性能和量子效率等进行测试和表征。分析结果表明:制备的SrMoO_4∶Sm^(3+),Na^+荧光粉均为四方晶系结构,掺杂离子的加入对基质晶体结构影响不大。在403 nm近紫外光激发下,产物有4个发射峰,分别位于563、600、647和707 nm处,归属于~5G_(5/2)→~6HJ(J=5/2,7/2,9/2,11/2)的电子跃迁,其中位于647 nm处的主发射峰的相对发光强度最大。当Sm^(3+)的掺杂物质的量分数为1%~3%时,发光强度最好,当浓度超过1%~3%时,会发生荧光猝灭。对实验数据进行分析,确定荧光猝灭机理是由于钐离子间交换作用引起的,并计算了能量传递的临界距离为1.77~2.56 nm。此外,还详细研究了乙二醇对SrMoO_4∶Sm^(3+),Na^+荧光粉形貌的影响,研究结果表明:乙二醇加入量为5 m L时,产物形貌均匀,呈球形或椭球形;且分散性较好;荧光强度最大。

THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION WITH DIRECT METHOD

The principle of direct method used in optimal control problem is introduced. Details of applying this method to flight trajectory generation are presented including calculation of velocity and controls histories. And capabilities of flight and propulsion systems are considered also. Combined with digital terrain map technique, the direct method is applied to the three dimensional trajectory optimization for low altitude penetration, and simplex algorithm is used to solve the parameters in optimization. For the small number of parameters, the trajectory can be optimized in real time on board.

多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的制备研究进展

多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛不仅具有良好的催化择形性能,同时对大分子反应具有较好的扩散性能,因此多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成受到人们的广泛关注。综述了近年来合成多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的各种方法,重点从后处理法、模板剂法、介孔孔壁晶化法和前驱物自组装等方法出发,详细介绍了多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的合成进展。通过对比不同的制备方法,分析了各种方法及合成材料的优势以及目前所存在的主要问题,以期找到一种制备多级孔ZSM-5沸石分子筛的较优的方法应用到实际的石油催化领域。