Simplifying living donor liver transplantation

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation is a complex surgical operation. Treatment policies and operative techniques evolved in the last two decades. DATA SOURCES: Our center's experience in living donor liver transplantation was reviewed in conjunction with relevant publications in the literature. RESULTS: The surgical techniques and perioperative surgical therapeutics could be modified towards simplicity. Examples include regular inclusion of the middle hepatic vein without compromising the venous outflow of the donor's remnant left liver. This provides excellent venous outflow, which is crucial for a small-for-size graft. Immunosuppression and hepatitis B suppression are steroid free and hepatitis B immunoglobulin free respectively. CONCLUSION: The most practical way to achieve high graft and recipient survival rates with an acceptably low donor risk is through design of a protocol that simplifies the surgery and postoperative management.

Thoreau's philosophy of “simplify”

The essay expounds the philosophy of Thoreau's "simplify" in aspect of meaning and reason.Closely connected with the relationship between human and nature,it enables us to see the point of a brooding,simple and sensible life of Thoreau.The end clarifies on a question:according to Thoreau,what is to have a simplify life? That's to care for little,listen to one's heart and do what one likes.The conclusion comes with an advocation that people keep a simple life with little greed,and take it as an ulti mate cure for the bothering life of today.

Simplifying the Integration of Petrophysics and Rock-Physics to Identify Hydrocarbon Bearing Rocks on Seismic

A considerable effort has been made in the literature for quality assurance (QA) and quality checking (QC) of the petrophysical log data for computation of reservoir rock property parameters. Well log data plays an integral role in building a rock physics model for quantitative interpretation (QI) work. A poor-quality rock physics model may lead to significant financial and HSSE implications by drilling wells in undesired locations. Historically, a variety of techniques have been used including histograms and cross plots for reviewing the feasibility of petrophysical logs for QI work. However, no attempt has ever been made to introduce a simplified workflow. This paper serves two-fold. It provides a simplified step by step approach for building a petrophysics/rock physics model. A case study has been presented to compare the synthetic seismogram generated from the simplified workflow with the actual seismic trace at well locations. Secondly, the paper shows how a few key cross plots and rock property parameters provide adequate information to validate petrophysical data, distinguish overburden and reservoir sections, and to help identify fluids and saturation trends within the reservoir sands. In the mentioned case study, the robustness of the simplified rock physics model has helped seismic data to successfully distinguish hydrocarbon bearing reservoir sands from non-reservoir shales.

simplifyEnrichment:A Bioconductor Package for Clustering and Visualizing Functional Enrichment Results

Functional enrichment analysis or gene set enrichment analysis is a basic bioinformatics method that evaluates the biological importance of a list of genes of interest.However,it may produce a long list of significant terms with highly redundant information that is difficult to summarize.Current tools to simplify enrichment results by clustering them into groups either still produce redundancy between clusters or do not retain consistent term similarities within clusters.We propose a new method named binary cut for clustering similarity matrices of functional terms.Through comprehensive benchmarks on both simulated and real-world datasets,we demonstrated that binary cut could efficiently cluster functional terms into groups where terms showed consistent similarities within groups and were mutually exclusive between groups.We compared binary cut clustering on the similarity matrices obtained from different similarity measures and found that semantic similarity worked well with binary cut,while similarity matrices based on gene overlap showed less consistent patterns.We implemented the binary cut algorithm in the R package simplifyEnrichment,which additionally provides functionalities for visualizing,summarizing,and comparing the clustering.The simplifyEnrichment package and the documentation are available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/simplifyEnrichment/.

A Simplified Method for the Stress Analysis of Underground Transfer Structures Crossing Multiple Subway Tunnels

According to the design specifications,the construction of extended piles involves traversing the tunnel’s upper region and extending to the underlying rock layer.To address this challenge,a subterranean transfer structure spanning multiple subway tunnels was proposed.Deliberating on the function of piles in the transfer structure as springs with axial and bending stiffness,and taking into account the force balance and deformation coordination conditions of beams and plates within the transfer structure,we established a simplified mechanical model that incorporates soil stratification by combining it with the Winkler elastic foundation beam model.The resolved established simplifiedmechanicalmodel employed finite difference technology and the Newton-Simpsonmethod,elucidating the mechanical mechanism of the transfer structure.The research findings suggest that the load carried by the upper structural columns can be transferred to the pile foundation beneath the beams through the transfer structure,subsequently reaching the deep soil layer and ensuring minimal impact on adjacent tunnels.The established simplified analysis method can be used for stress analysis of the transfer structure,concurrently considering soil stratification,pile foundation behavior,and plate action.The pile length,pile section size,and beam section size within the transfer structure should account for the characteristics of the upper load,ensuring an even distribution of the beam bending moment.

Parallel Light Fields: A Perspective and A Framework

Dear Editor,Light fields give relatively complete description of scenes from perspective of angles and positions of rays. At present time, most of the computer vision algorithms take 2D images as input which are simplified expression of light fields with depth information discarded. In theory, computer vision tasks may achieve better performance as long as complete light fields are acquired.

Commentary on "Simplifying the ShangRing technique for circumcision in boys and men: use of the no-flip technique with randomization to removal at 7 days versus spontaneous detachment"

It has been 10 years since we published the first report describing use of the ShangRing for circumcision in boys and men. That report, by Peng et al.{ from China, showed that the device was safe and that ShangRing circumcision was quicker than with conventional surgical techniques commonly used. The ShangRing, pictured in Figure 1, isa novel collar clamp circumcision device that was invented by Mu Jian-Zhong Shang in China in the early 2000s to reduce potential surgical complications following male circumcision. Based on its successful use in 2006, Mr. Shang started SNNDA Medical Company to produce and distribute the ShangRing. The device has two parts consisting of an inner ring and an outer ring. The foreskin is sandwiched between the two rings, ensuring hemostasis without the need for suturing, which greatly simplifies the circumcision. The device is typically removed by a clinician 7-10 days later.

Analytical Solution and Simplified Formula for Added Mass of Horizontal and Vertical Motions of Truncated Cylinders Under Earthquake Action

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the cylinder is derived based on the radiation theory with the inviscid and incompressible assumptions.The governing equation is solved by using the method of separating variables and analytical solutions are obtained by assigning reasonable boundary conditions.The analytical result is validated by a numerical model using the exact artificial boundary simulation of the infinite water.The main variation and distribution characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the side and bottom of the cylinder are analyzed for different combinations of wide-height and immersion ratios.The added mass coefficient of the cylinder is calculated by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure and simplified formulas are proposed for engineering applications.The calculation results show that the simplified formulas are in good agreement with the analytical solutions.

An efficient physics-guided Bayesian framework for predicting ground settlement profile during excavations in clay

Recently,the application of Bayesian updating to predict excavation-induced deformation has proven successful and improved prediction accuracy significantly.However,updating the ground settlement profile,which is crucial for determining potential damage to nearby infrastructures,has received limited attention.To address this,this paper proposes a physics-guided simplified model combined with a Bayesian updating framework to accurately predict the ground settlement profile.The advantage of this model is that it eliminates the need for complex finite element modeling and makes the updating framework user-friendly.Furthermore,the model is physically interpretable,which can provide valuable references for construction adjustments.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through two field case studies,showing that it can yield satisfactory predictions for the settlement profile.

Operation optimization of prefabricated light modular radiant heating system:Thermal resistance analysis and numerical study

The utilization of prefabricated light modular radiant heating system has demonstrated significant increases in heat transfer efficiency and energy conservation capabilities.Within prefabricated building construction,this new heating method presents an opportunity for the development of comprehensive facilities.The parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of such a system are the upper surface layer’s heat flux and temperature.In this paper,thermal resistance analysis calculation based on a simplified model for this unique radiant heating system analysis is presented with the heat transfer mechanism’s evaluation.The results obtained from thermal resistance analysis calculation and numerical simulation indicate that the thermal resistance analysis method is highly accurate with temperature discrepancies ranging from 0.44℃ to−0.44℃ and a heat flux discrepancy of less than 7.54%,which can meet the requirements of practical engineering applications,suggesting a foundation for the prefabricated radiant heating system.

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune system.This exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new therapies.We challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial activation.By dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s progression.This article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to neuroimmunology.Adopting such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

Influence of joint spacing and rock characteristics on the toppling stability of cut rock slope through a simplified limit equilibrium method

Toppling failure of rock mass/soil slope is an important geological and environmental problem.Clarifying its failure mechanism under different conditions has great significance in engineering.The toppling failure of a cutting slope occurred in a hydropower station in Kyushu,Japan illustrates that the joint characteristic played a significant role in the occurrence of rock slope tipping failure.Thus,in order to consider the mechanical properties of jointed rock mass and the influence of geometric conditions,a simplified analytical approach based on the limit equilibrium method for modeling the flexural toppling of cut rock slopes is proposed to consider the influence of the mechanical properties and geometry condition of jointed rock mass.The theoretical solution is compared with the numerical solution taking Kyushu Hydropower Station in Japan as one case,and it is found that the theoretical solution obtained by the simplified analysis method is consistent with the numerical analytical solution,thus verifying the accuracy of the simplified method.Meanwhile,the Goodman-Bray approach conventionally used in engineering practice is improved according to the analytical results.The results show that the allowable slope angle may be obtained by the improved Goodman-Bray approach considering the joint spacing,the joint frictional angle and the tensile strength of rock mass together.

Electron kinetic effects in back-stimulated Raman scattering bursts driven by broadband laser pulses

We examine electron kinetic effects in broadband-laser-driven back-stimulated Raman scattering(BSRS)bursts using particle-in-cell simulations.These bursts occur during the nonlinear stage,causing reflectivity spikes and generating large numbers of hot electrons.Long-duration simulations are performed to observe burst events,and a simplified model is developed to eliminate the interference of the broadband laser’s random intensity fluctuations.Using the simplified model,we isolate and characterize the spectrum of electron plasma waves.The spectrum changes from a sideband structure to a turbulence-like structure during the burst.A significant asymmetry in the spectrum is observed.This asymmetry is amplified and transferred to electron phase space by high-intensity broadband laser pulses,leading to violent vortex-merging and generation of hot electrons.The proportion of hot electrons increases from 6.76%to 14.7%during a single violent burst event.We demonstrate that kinetic effects profoundly influence the BSRS evolution driven by broadband lasers.

A Light and Simplified Branch Bending Method for Young Pear Trees

Aiming at high cost and low efficiency of conventional branch bending method in the modern intensive planting and labor-saving cultivation mode of young pear trees,this paper provides a new branch bending method with wide source of raw materials,cheap price and simple operation,which is also suitable for the management of low-age branches in the process of high grafting and upgrading of traditional big trees.

Simulation Prediction of Heat Transport with Machine Learning in Tokamak Plasmas

Machine learning opens up new possibilities for research of plasma confinement. Specifically, models constructed using machine learning algorithms may effectively simplify the simulation process. Previous firstprinciples simulations could provide physics-based transport information, but not fast enough for real-time applications or plasma control. To address this issue, this study proposes SExFC, a surrogate model of the Gyro-Landau Extended Fluid Code(ExFC). As an extended version of our previous model ExFC-NN, SExFC can capture more features of transport driven by the ion temperature gradient mode and trapped electron mode,using an extended database initially generated with ExFC simulations. In addition to predicting the dominant instability, radially averaged fluxes and radial profiles of fluxes, the well-trained SExFC may also be suitable for physics-based rapid predictions that can be considered in real-time plasma control systems in the future.

Newly Detected Transmission of bla_(KPC-2) by Outer Membrane Vesicles in Klebsiella Pneumoniae

Objective The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-KP)is a global public health problem.It is mainly caused by the plasmid-carried carbapenemase gene.Outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)contain toxins and other factors involved in various biological processes,includingβ-lactamase and antibiotic-resistance genes.This study aimed to reveal the transmission mechanism of OMV-mediated drug resistance of Klebsiella(K.)pneumoniae.Methods We selected CR-KP producing K.pneumoniae carbapenemase-2(KPC-2)to study whether they can transfer resistance genes through OMVs.The OMVs of CR-KP were obtained by ultracentrifugation,and incubated with carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae for 4 h.Finally,the carbapenem-sensitive K.pneumoniae was tested for the presence of bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene and its sensitivity to carbapenem antibiotics.Results The existence of OMVs was observed by the electron microscopy.The extracted OMVs had bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene.After incubation with OMVs,bla_(KPC-2)resistance gene was detected in sensitive K.pneumoniae,and it became resistant to imipenem and meropenem.Conclusion This study demonstrated that OMVs isolated from KPC-2-producing CR-KP could deliver bla_(KPC-2)to sensitive K.pneumoniae,allowing the bacteria to produce carbapenemase,which may provide a novel target for innovative therapies in combination with conventional antibiotics for treating carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Discussion on the Application Effect of Simplified Vacuum Sealing Drainage(VSD)in the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Wounds

Objective:To analyze the effect of simplified vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)in the treatment of chronic refractory wounds.Methods:A total of 90 patients with chronic refractory wounds treated from May 2022 to May 2023 were randomly divided into groups.The simplified VSD treatment was employed in group A,and conventional treatment was employed in group B,and the wound healing of both groups were compared.Results:Group A showed better wound healing compared to group B,P<0.05;the wound healing rate,wound healing duration,visual analog scale(VAS)score,wound dressing times and other indicators in group A were better than those in group B,P<0.05.The SF-36 score of group A was higher than that of group B,P<0.05;the complication rate of chronic refractory wounds in group A was no different from that in group B,P>0.05.Conclusion:Simplified VSD treatment is effective in treating patients with chronic refractory wounds,and it reduces the number of wound dressing changes and promote wound healing.

When 2D Materials Encounter Disorder

Back to the 1950s,Anderson revealed the absence of wave diffusion,i.e.,Anderson localization,in a sufficiently disordered media,marking the start of electron transport research in non-periodic lattices.[1]In a simplified theoretical model,one critical order parameter was proposed to determine the boundary of electron delocalization。

A novel fractional-order hyperchaotic complex system and its synchronization

A novel fractional-order hyperchaotic complex system is proposed by introducing the Caputo fractional-order derivative operator and a constant term to the complex simplified Lorenz system. The proposed system has different numbers of equilibria for different ranges of parameters. The dynamics of the proposed system is investigated by means of phase portraits, Lyapunov exponents, bifurcation diagrams, and basins of attraction. The results show abundant dynamical characteristics. Particularly, the phenomena of extreme multistability as well as hidden attractors are discovered. In addition, the complex generalized projective synchronization is implemented between two fractional-order hyperchaotic complex systems with different fractional orders. Based on the fractional Lyapunov stability theorem, the synchronization controllers are designed, and the theoretical results are verified and demonstrated by numerical simulations. It lays the foundation for practical applications of the proposed system.

Study on the Principle Model and Simplification of Subway Station Itemized Energy Consumption

Owing to the constant modernization and urbanization of China,most cities have subways,and the total power consumption of subway stations has been rising,which contradicts with China’s green goals.In this regard,energy consumption indicators for major energy use projects in subway stations should be established,comprehensive evaluation and detailed research on the current situation of subway operation should be conducted,and specific energy-saving measures should be taken from a diversified perspective.It is crucial to systematically sort out the principle of sub-item energy consumption in subway stations,and practice and explore the specific simplification measures of the principle model of sub-item energy consumption,so as to lay a solid foundation for achieving the goal of reducing energy consumption of subway stations.