This study proposes a method of interactive plant simulation modeling which delivers the online simulated results to the field operators and induces them to take proper actions in the case of pre-identified accident s...This study proposes a method of interactive plant simulation modeling which delivers the online simulated results to the field operators and induces them to take proper actions in the case of pre-identified accident scenarios in a chemical plant. The developed model integrates the real-time process dynamic simulation with 3DCFD accident simulation in a designed interface using object linking and embedding technology so that it can convey to trainees the online information of the accident which is not available in existing operator training systems.The model encompasses the whole process of data transfer till the end of the training at which a trainee operates an emergency shutdown system in a programmed model. In this work, an overall scenario is simulated which is from an abnormal increase in the main valve discharge（second）pressure due to valve malfunction to accidental gas release through the crack of a pressure recorder, and the magnitude of the accident with respect to the lead time of each trainee＇s emergency response is analyzed. The model can improve the effectiveness of the operator training system through interactively linking the trainee actions with the simulation model resulting in different accident scenarios with respect to each trainee＇s competence when facing an accident.展开更多
Active muscle response is a key factor in the motion and injury of the human head and neck.Due to the limitations of experimentation and the shortcomings of previous finite element models,the influence of material par...Active muscle response is a key factor in the motion and injury of the human head and neck.Due to the limitations of experimentation and the shortcomings of previous finite element models,the influence of material parameters of cervical muscle on motions of the head and neck during a car crash have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present work,a model of the cervical muscle in a 50th-percentile adult male was constructed.The muscles were modelled using solid finite elements,with a nonlinear-elastic and viscoelastic material and a Hill material modelling the passive and active parts of each muscle,respectively.The head dynamic responses of the model were validated using results obtained from volunteer sled tests.The influence of the material parameters of a muscle on head and neck motions were determined.Our key finding was that the greater the stiffness and the contraction strength of the neck muscles,the smaller the rotation angle of the head and the neck,and,hence,the lower the risk of head and neck injury to occupants in a car crash.展开更多
基金supported by a Grant No. (14IFIP-B085984-03) from Smart Civil Infrastructure Research Program funded by the Korea Government Ministry of Land,Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT) and The Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA)by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as ‘the Chemical Accident Prevention Technology Development Project’ (No. 2015001950003)
文摘This study proposes a method of interactive plant simulation modeling which delivers the online simulated results to the field operators and induces them to take proper actions in the case of pre-identified accident scenarios in a chemical plant. The developed model integrates the real-time process dynamic simulation with 3DCFD accident simulation in a designed interface using object linking and embedding technology so that it can convey to trainees the online information of the accident which is not available in existing operator training systems.The model encompasses the whole process of data transfer till the end of the training at which a trainee operates an emergency shutdown system in a programmed model. In this work, an overall scenario is simulated which is from an abnormal increase in the main valve discharge（second）pressure due to valve malfunction to accidental gas release through the crack of a pressure recorder, and the magnitude of the accident with respect to the lead time of each trainee＇s emergency response is analyzed. The model can improve the effectiveness of the operator training system through interactively linking the trainee actions with the simulation model resulting in different accident scenarios with respect to each trainee＇s competence when facing an accident.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51205117)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2019JJ70045)Hunan Province Education Department Science Research Project (19C1559).
文摘Active muscle response is a key factor in the motion and injury of the human head and neck.Due to the limitations of experimentation and the shortcomings of previous finite element models,the influence of material parameters of cervical muscle on motions of the head and neck during a car crash have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present work,a model of the cervical muscle in a 50th-percentile adult male was constructed.The muscles were modelled using solid finite elements,with a nonlinear-elastic and viscoelastic material and a Hill material modelling the passive and active parts of each muscle,respectively.The head dynamic responses of the model were validated using results obtained from volunteer sled tests.The influence of the material parameters of a muscle on head and neck motions were determined.Our key finding was that the greater the stiffness and the contraction strength of the neck muscles,the smaller the rotation angle of the head and the neck,and,hence,the lower the risk of head and neck injury to occupants in a car crash.
