CFD Analysis of Spiral Flow Fields in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are largely used in various applications because of their pollution-free products and high energy conversion efficiency.In order to improve the related design,in the present work a new spiral flow field with a bypass is proposed.The reaction gas enters the flow field in the central path and diffuses in two directions through the flow channel and the bypass.The bypasses are arranged incrementally.The number of bypasses and the cross-section size of the bypasses are varied parametrically while a single-cell model of the PEMFC is used.The influence of the concentration of liquid water and oxygen in the cell on the performance of different flow fields is determined by means of Computational fluid dynamics(COMSOL Multiphysics software).Results show that when the bypass number is 48 and its cross-sectional area is 0.5 mm^(2),the cell exhibits the best performances.

COUPLED SIMULATION OF 3D ELECTRO-MAGNETO-FLOW FIELD IN HALL-HEROULT CELLS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Two full 3D steady mathematical models are developed by finite element method （FEM） to calcalate coupled physics fields. the electro-magnetic model is built and solved first and so is the fluid motion model with the acquired electromagnetic force as source body forces in Navier-Stokes equations. Effects caused by the ferromagnetic shell, busbar system around, and open boundary problem as well as inside induced current were considered in terms of the magnetic field. Furthermore, a new modeling method is found to set up solid models and then mesh them entirely with so-called structuralized grids, namely hex-mesh. Examples of 75kA prebaked cell with two kinds of busbar arrangements are presented. Results agree with those disclosed in the literature and confirm that the coupled simulation is valid. It is also concluded that the usage of these models facilitates the consistent analysis of the electric field to magnetic field and then flow motion to the greater extent, local distributions of current density and magnetic flux density are very much dependent on the cell structure, the steel shell is a shield to reduce the magnetic field and flow pattern is two dimensional in the main body of the metal pad.

Influence of slug flow on flow fields in a gas–liquid cylindrical cyclone separator:A simulation study

A simulation method for slug flow based on the VOF multiphase flow model was implemented in ANSYS?Fluent via a user-defined function(UDF)and applied to the dissipation of liquid slugs in the inlet pipe of a gas–liquid cylindrical cyclone(GLCC)separator while varying the expanding diameter ratio and angle of inclination.The dissipation of liquid slug in inlet pipe is analyzed under different expanding diameter ratios and inclination angles.In the inlet pipe,it is found that increasing expanding diameter ratio and inclination angle can reduce the liquid slug stability and enhancing the effect of gravity,which is beneficial to slug flow dissipation.In the cylinder,increasing the expanding diameter ratio can significantly reduce the liquid carrying depth of the gas phase but result in a slightly increase of the gas content in the liquid phase space.Moreover,increasing the inclination angle results in a decrease in the carrying depth of liquid in the vapor phase,but enhances gas–liquid mixing and increases the gas-carrying depth in the liquid phase.Taking into consideration the dual effects of slug dissipation in the inlet pipe and carrying capacity of gas/liquid spaces in the cylinder,the optimal expanding diameter ratio and inclination angle values can be determined.

Wind Field Flow Characteristics Analysis of T4-72 Type Centrifugal Fan

In order to explore the internal wind field flow characteristics of T4-72 type centrifugal fan, the three-dimensional model was established based on PRO/E software. Combined with computational fluid Dynamics Software Fluent 6.3, the standard model and SIMPLEC algorithm were used to simulate the wind field inside the fan. Analysis of the flow characteristics, velocity distributed and pressure distributed of the internal fluid model of the T4-72 centrifugal fan, combined with the theoretical formula to obtain the full pressure, power and efficiency performance parameters of the fan. The centrifugal fan performance curve is drawn. While compared with the experimental data, it is found that the internal flow disturbance is strong when the fan is running under low load condition and high load condition, which affects the performance of the fan and reduces the life of the fan. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The overall performance parameters of the fan are in good agreement, verifying the reliability of the simulation results;when the fan works between 1 - 1.4 times the rated flow rate, it can obtain a more stable flow field while maintaining higher efficiency, which provides a new idea for the optimization of the subsequent fan.

Simulation and Analysis of Fiber Motion in Condensing Zone of Compact Spinning with Lattice Apron

To get fiber motion in condensing zone of compact spinning,velocity of this area is achieved by simulation,and then a bead-elastic rod fiber model is established.Based on simulation and dynamic analysis on this zone,governing equations are constructed and Runge-Kutta approach is used.Lastly,trajectories of fibers are calculated by specially designed Matlab procedure according to the principles mentioned above.Results show that fiber motions at different initial positions are different;X-axis velocity component makes fibers gathering on sides of suction slot;Y-axis airflow gets fibers gradually close and then stick to the surface of lattice apron.Fiber motions also reflect that the compact spinning process in condensing zone can be divided into three parts:fast convergence zone,adjustment convergence zone,and steady convergence zone.

Middle or low water pressure direct spiral double helix converging nozzle structure optimization and flow field analysis

In order to solve the problem of using middle or low water pressure to form fine water mist,a new nozzle is proposed in fire rescue robot.Existing water mist nozzles are basically used for high pressure and in large size,complex structure and poor low pressure atomization effect in comparison with requirement of snake-like fire rescue robots.On the basis of comprehensive typical spray nozzles,a direct spiral double helix converging nozzle(DSDHCN) is proposed,which has the advantages of small volume,light weight,simple structure,and convenient installation.To make the spray nozzle have good performance,and meet the requirements of more efficient fire extinguishing,a numerical study is carried out to analyze the internal and external full flow field of nozzle.A gas-liquid two-phase flow is applied to simulate the external full flow field of nozzle with VOF model in fluent software.The simulation results show the real situation of water flow out of the atomization nozzle and the water jet trajectory.Some simulations about middle or low water pressure direct spiral double helix converging optimized nozzle have been done in 30 bar pressure.The simulation results show that the optimized nozzle structure not only makes the spray droplets have a good cone angle,but also have a sufficient axial velocity,which proves the structure rationality of the proposed optimized nozzle.

Flow field fusion simulation method based on model features and its application in CRDM

The control rod drive mechanism(CRDM)is an essential part of the control and safety protection system of pressurized water reactors.Current CRDM simulations are mostly performed collectively using a single method,ignoring the influence of multiple motion units and the differences in various features among them,which strongly affect the efficiency and accuracy of the simulations.In this study,we constructed a flow field fusion simulation method based on model features by combining key motion unit analysis and various simulation methods and then applied the method to the CRDM simulation process.CRDM performs motion unit decomposition through the structural hierarchy of function-movement-action method,and the key meta-actions are identified as the nodes in the flow field simulation.We established a fused feature-based multimethod simulation process and processed the simulation methods and data according to the features of the fluid domain space and the structural complexity to obtain the fusion simulation results.Compared to traditional simulation methods and real measurements,the simulation method provides advantages in terms of simulation efficiency and accuracy.

Numerical simulation of mean interference effects for the interfering buildings with different heights

The mean wind-induced interference effects between two high-rise buildings,in which the interfering buildings have different heights,were numerical simulated in the terrain roughness of B and D types by the Reynolds stress equation model(RSM)of fluent.The results are in good agreement with those of the wind tunnel test.Influences of the relative arrangement of two buildings,the height of the interfering buildings and the terrain roughness upon the mean interference effects were analyzed,and the space distributions of IFCPs on the principal building under tandem arrangement were studied.The results indicate that the lower interfering buildings can always bring larger interference factors comparing to the higher ones under tandem arrangement except that the height is larger than 1.25h,and the heights' influence on the mean interference effects will increase as the reduced spacing of two buildings.The influence of heights will be little under stagger arrangement.

Performance Prediction of an Optimized Centrifugal Pump with High Efficiency

The main structural parameters of the IR100-80-100A type chemical centrifugal pump have been optimized by means of an orthogonal test approach.The centrifugal pump has been modeled using the CFturbo software,and 16 sets of orthogonal-test schemes have been defined on the basis of 4 parameters,namely,the blade number,blade outlet angle,impeller outlet diameter,and impeller outlet width.Such analysis has been used to determine the influence of each index parameter on the pump working efficiency and identify a set of optimal combinations of such parameters.The internalflowfield in the centrifugal pump has been simulated by using the PumLinx software.These numerical results have shown that,compared with the prototype pump,the outlet pressure and shaft power of the optimized pump can be significantly reduced,and the pump working efficiency can be improved by 5.59%.In the present study,some arguments are also provided to demonstrate that,with respect to other optimization methods,the orthogonal test approach is more convenient,and requires less test times.

送风方式对高速列车通风和呼吸污染物扩散特性的影响

高速列车交通网络发达且载客量大,但车厢环境封闭易造成污染物的堆积,为提高乘车舒适性和安全性,基于计算流体动力学理论(CFD),建立满载工况的全尺寸车厢通风计算模型.针对排风口位于两侧车窗上端的排风方式,采用速度不均匀系数、温度不均匀系数、能量利用系数和通风效率作为列车通风系统的评价指标,对比研究6种送风方式对车厢内流场特性和呼吸污染物扩散特性的影响,包括多孔顶板送风、下部送风、多孔顶板送风+下部送风、局部多孔顶板送风、侧顶送风、局部多孔顶板送风+侧顶送风.研究结果表明:通过调整风口之间的流量分配比例可以使送风气流均匀地流向客室两侧,改善车内温度均匀性;采用下部送风时,有助于提高通风系统的能量利用系数和通风效率,分别高达1.38和1.21,但会恶化车内乘坐舒适性;通过研究乘客之间呼吸污染物的相互影响情况发现,第C列乘客的呼吸污染物容易向第B列乘客的呼吸区域进行扩散,加剧乘客之间的交叉感染;通过减小多孔顶板的送风口尺寸,采用局部多孔顶板送风可以有效缓解该现象,使污染物的体积浓度下降至0.0019.

泵站进水系统三维水动力特性数值模拟研究

【目的】研究泵站进水系统结构对水泵进水流场的影响。【方法】基于Fluent平台,假定水流为不可压缩湍流流体,在满足连续方程和动量方程的基础上,引入RNGk-ε紊流模型,对改造前后泵站进水系统进行了数值模拟,采用适于稳态流场的收敛速度更快的SIMPLEC算法,利用有限体积法进行空间离散求解,分析了不同断面的流场流速、流速旋角及流线分布,对比分析了改造前后泵站进水系统的水动力指标。【结果】改造方案各水动力指标均小于改造前方案,进水池流速标准差减小了6%~64%,进水管进口流速标准差降低了41%~96%,平均流速旋角减小了60%~73%,流速旋角标准差降低了59%~72%,水流流态分布趋向均匀,水泵进水条件明显改善。【结论】改造后泵站进水系统流速分布较均匀,流态趋于平稳,对减轻泵站机组汽蚀破坏有重要意义。

抽水蓄能机组水轮机工况启动过程内部流场分析

本文采用CFD数值模拟的方法,模拟计算了抽水蓄能机组在水轮机工况启动过程内部流场特征。得到了在活动导叶开启过程中的速度、压力随时间的瞬态分布规律,讨论了蓄能机组开启过程中外特性的变化曲线。结果表明:活动导叶的开启规律可以大体分为五个阶段。活动导叶的开启规律是先缓慢开启,然后以较快的速度关闭,最后再保持到空载的开度,从第四阶段,导叶再逐渐打开直到额定开度。转轮扭矩和机组流量呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当导叶逐渐打开时,转轮扭矩和机组流量再逐渐上升。本文为研究蓄能机组水轮机工况下启动过程的内部流动变化提供了参考依据,同时对提高水轮机工况的启动稳定性具有重要意义。

结构参数对闭口体系新型激波吹灰器工作特性的影响研究

锅炉吹灰器可以有效实现清除锅炉内部的积灰,提高锅炉运行效率,对锅炉安全运行具有重要意义。SPG型激波吹灰器是在传统激波吹灰器基础上发展而来的闭口体系新型高性能吹灰器,使用数值方法对该装置的可行性进行验证,并分析工作特性,可以为实际应用与改进提供参考。基于CFD技术,将SPG型激波吹灰器作为研究对象,使用动网格技术对设备内活塞的真实运动过程进行仿真模拟,利用Fluent软件模拟计算SPG型激波吹灰器内部流场的连续变化这一动态过程,并通过调整喷管、燃烧室以及压力蓄能器的结构参数,在出口处监测得到各部件结构参数变化对排气特性的影响规律,获取其工作特性。结果表明:喷管的长径比从2增加到4时,出口参数峰值出现滞后现象,但压力峰值与速度峰值获得显著提升,且喷管的扩张段改为直管可以降低膨胀损失,适当增加喷管长径比并直接连接直管是一种较好的方案;燃烧室径向和轴向壁面之间的间距缩短均可使出口压力峰值提高,但轴向距离缩短压力峰值增加幅度更大;在压力蓄能器中,去除阻尼装置压力提升较少,且无法减缓活塞复位,使排出气体减少,去除限位器后喷管出口压力大幅提高,但其峰值持续时间变短。

基于流场分析的煤焦化储罐集气罩结构优化

集气罩是一种用来进行气体收集的装置,为研究煤焦化储罐集气罩结构对其内部流场的影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)中的FLUENT软件模拟了开口角度为60°、90°和120°的锥形开口、开口弧度为30°、45°和55°的弧形开口以及末端加装高度为50 mm、100 mm和150 mm的扩压罩时,集气罩内部的流场变化规律.结果表明:开口为弧形、开口弧度为45°且末端加装高度为100 mm扩压罩的集气罩内部流场分布更均匀,具有更小的出口速度和更少的配风量.通过对不同开口角度、不同开口弧度及加装不同高度的扩压罩后集气罩内部流场特性的分析表明,改变开口形式和末端加装适当高度的扩压罩能大幅减小集气罩的配风量.

埋头弹药二次点火过程复杂流场特性

为研究大口径埋头弹二次点火过程中燃烧室内部的流场特性,采用基于欧拉-欧拉方法的二维轴对称两相反应流模型,结合动态网格划分理论和用户自定义函数技术,对105 mm埋头式穿甲弹的二次点火内弹道过程进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:可燃导向筒破裂后主装药床被点燃,燃气在弹底区域汇聚,形成局部涡流,涡流强度逐渐增大,涡流中心温度逐渐升高;在气相力的作用下,主装药床沿轴向和径向挤压至弹底区域,然后被大量燃气冲散至整个燃烧室;二次点火过程中最大膛底压力为560 MPa,炮口初速达到1650 m/s。

旋风分离器及管道振动超标原因分析及改造

针对某石化公司聚酯厂循环系统的旋风分离器及连接管路在运行期间出现振动过大问题,结合设备运行原理、现场调研结果及振动测试数据,对旋风分离器开展流场仿真模拟与结构应力分析,提出切实可行的改造措施。经过改造,最大应力值相对于改进前大幅降低,同时保证最大应力发生点避开应力集中区域;在额定的工况,振源的振动数据降低了98%,彻底解决旋风分离器的振动过大问题,使装置顺利开工,为企业争取了时间,创造了效益。

基于CFD的果园喷雾风筒装置流体分析与试验

针对传统果园风送式喷雾机存在风能利用率低、风场较为分散等问题,开发一种与独立风机直接装配的小型喷雾风筒装置。运用CFD软件对该风筒装置内外流场进行模拟仿真,分析内流场风场云图及距外流场出风口不同距离平面中心区域的风速。结果表明:风筒内流场风速线分布均匀,能很好地产生旋流风,风能损失小;在外流场中,各平面风速分散性较小,出口风速达到17.15 m/s,满足果园喷雾机的风筒出口速度要求。并通过试验平台验证在距离出风口0.6 m处,实际风速为10.48 m/s,与仿真分析结果相比,相对误差为2.58%,且竖直高度上喷幅可达0.650 m,覆盖宽度可达0.669 m,证明所设计的风筒装置在该喷雾距离下能对果树冠层有较好的覆盖性,为进一步设计机架及风筒装置布置方案提供理论支撑。

两相出口对轴向涡流分离器的影响研究

为了更好地预测分离器的分离效率和设计出更高效的分离器,应进一步了解其内部流场分布特性及不同结构参数对内部流场的影响。为此,采用Fluent软件对轴向涡流分离器内部流场分布特性和分离器两相出口结构对内部流场及分离性能的影响展开研究。研究结果表明:当水相出口直径增加到40 mm时,轴向涡流分离器水相出口处会形成一个低速回流区域,可通过减小管径收缩程度等方法来缓解该现象的影响;在其他结构参数不变的情况下,分离器的分离效率是关于雷诺数和两相出口与入口直径之比的函数;分离效率正比于油相出口与入口直径之比,与雷诺数、水相出口与入口直径之比均为二次函数关系。研究结论可为进一步优化轴向涡流分离器的分离性能提供理论参考。

新型双层笼套式节流阀流场数值模拟分析

笼套式节流阀是高压气井开采常用的关键装置之一。高压气体通过节流阀进行调压和调产,在低温高压的环境下,由于焦耳-汤姆逊效应的影响,流体流经节流孔处时温度较低,极易产生天然气水合物,影响天然气生产的正常运行。因此,节流阀的性能将直接影响生产的质量、成本和安全。传统的笼套式节流阀降压效果较差、节流效率较低、使用寿命较短。基于此,以新型双层笼套式节流阀为基本模型,采用计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模拟方法对节流阀中天然气节流特性进行研究,并与传统笼套式节流阀的节流性能进行对比,在本文设置工况下,相比于传统笼套式节流阀,新型笼套式节流阀在节流孔局部的最低压力降低9.5%,最低温度提高7.8%,最大速度降低12.0%,更不易形成低温高压的水合物生成环境,且流体对结构的冲蚀作用更小,其总体性能优于传统式结构;同时研究得出了流体流动参数和节流孔结构参数的改变对新型笼套式节流阀节流性能的影响规律,对实际生产应用具有一定的指导作用。

燃料电池凸轮式氢气循环泵内流场仿真与气动特性研究

为降低燃料电池氢气循环泵运行产生的振动及噪声,基于凸轮式氢气循环泵基本理论,建立某循环泵内流场CFD仿真模型,通过仿真分析得出:随着转速增加循环泵的实际排气流量逐渐增大;理论排气流量与数值模拟结果误差低于4.4%,可以较准确地反应氢气循环泵内部气体脉动的规律;当转速在8000 r/min时内泄漏量最小,容积效率最大,氢气循环泵的转速影响内泄漏量从而影响容积效率;压力脉动频率与转速负相关,压力脉动强度与转速正相关。因此,需选择合适的额定转速,避免因转速过高造成工作效率降低。