Application of Artificial Neural Networks Based Monte Carlo Simulation in the Expert System Design and Control of Crude Oil Distillation Column of a Nigerian Refinery

This research work investigated comparative studies of expert system design and control of crude oil distillation column (CODC) using artificial neural networks based Monte Carlo (ANNBMC) simulation of random processes and artificial neural networks (ANN) model which were validated using experimental data obtained from functioning crude oil distillation column of Port-Harcourt Refinery, Nigeria by MATLAB computer program. Ninety percent (90%) of the experimental data sets were used for training while ten percent (10%) were used for testing the networks. The maximum relative errors between the experimental and calculated data obtained from the output variables of the neural network for CODC design were 1.98 error % and 0.57 error % when ANN only and ANNBMC were used respectively while their respective values for the maximum relative error were 0.346 error % and 0.124 error % when they were used for the controller prediction. Larger number of iteration steps of below 2500 and 5000 were required to achieve convergence of less than 10-7?for the training error using ANNBMC for both the design of the CODC and controller respectively while less than 400 and 700 iteration steps were needed to achieve convergence of 10-4?using ANN only. The linear regression analysis performed revealed the minimum and maximum prediction accuracies to be 80.65% and 98.79%;and 98.38% and 99.98% when ANN and ANNBMC were used for the CODC design respectively. Also, the minimum and maximum prediction accuracies were 92.83% and 99.34%;and 98.89% and 99.71% when ANN and ANNBMC were used for the CODC controller respectively as both methodologies have excellent predictions. Hence, artificial neural networks based Monte Carlo simulation is an effective and better tool for the design and control of crude oil distillation column.

SIMULATION IN THERMAL DESIGN FOR ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT OF ELECTRONIC UNIT PUMP

The high working junction temperature of power component is the most common reason of its failure. So the thermal design is of vital importance in electronic control unit （ECU） design. By means of circuit simulation, the thermal design of ECU for electronic unit pump （EUP） fuel system is applied. The power dissipation model of each power component in the ECU is created and simulated. According to the analyses of simulation results, the factors which affect the power dissipation of components are analyzed. Then the ways for reducing the power dissipation of power components are carried out. The power dissipation of power components at different engine state is calculated and analyzed. The maximal power dissipation of each power component in all possible engine state is also carried out based on these simulations. A cooling system is designed based on these studies. The tests show that the maximum total power dissipation of ECU drops from 43.2 W to 33.84 W after these simulations and optimizations. These applications of simulations in thermal design of ECU can greatly increase the quality of the design, save the design cost and shorten design time

Design and Simulation of a Electrorheological(ER) Control High Voltage Power Supply

Few applications with electrorheological （ER） fluids have been found in industry. One reason is high voltage power supplies cannot meet the requirement for ER effect. In this paper, an ER control high voltage power supply for engineering application was designed which reduced power wastage by adopting soft switch technology; lessened its volume to satisfy micromation when adopting the planar transformer and improved its response character- istic by choosing an assistant discharging circuit. Simultaneously, a simulation analysis has been carried out. As results, the output voltage of this high voltage power supply is 5 kV, and the voltage can be continuously regulated and the voltage ripple is only 0. 7 %, so the requirement of stability is also achieved.

Collaborative Simulation Method with Spatiotemporal Synchronization Process Control

When designing a complex mechatronics system, such as high speed trains, it is relatively difficult to effectively simulate the entire system＇s dynamic behaviors because it involves multi-disciplinary subsystems. Currently, a most practical approach for multi-disciplinary simulation is interface based coupling simulation method, but it faces a twofold challenge： spatial and time unsynchronizations among multi-directional coupling simulation of subsystems. A new collaborative simulation method with spatiotemporal synchronization process control is proposed for coupling simulating a given complex mechatronics system across multiple subsystems on different platforms. The method consists of 1） a coupler-based coupling mechanisms to define the interfacing and interaction mechanisms among subsystems, and 2） a simulation process control algorithm to realize the coupling simulation in a spatiotemporal synchronized manner. The test results from a case study show that the proposed method 1） can certainly be used to simulate the sub-systems interactions under different simulation conditions in an engineering system, and 2） effectively supports multi-directional coupling simulation among multi-disciplinary subsystems. This method has been successfully applied in China high speed train design and development processes, demonstrating that it can be applied in a wide range of engineering systems design and simulation with improved efficiency and effectiveness.

Trajectory design and simulation in injection phase for hyper-velocity kinetic energy missile

A movement law of laser beam facula is designed for the injection trajectory of hyper-ve- locity kinetic energy missile to eliminate the influence of motor exhaust smoke on laser signal trans mission. Taking guidance loop of hyper velocity kinetic energy missile as plant, a closed loop control system with desired step response characteristics is constructed and the movement law of laser beam facula for the missile injection trajectory is designed based on the output signal of the closed loop controller under a step input. Six degree of freedom trajectory simulations show that by the guidance of the laser beam facula moving with designed law, the missile can finish transition from the initial trajectory to a stable tracking trajectory without overshoot within the required time.

Simulation-based Manufacturing System Modeling

In recent years, computer simulation appears to be very advantageous technique for researching the resource-constrained manufacturing system. This paper presents an object-oriented simulation modeling method, which combines the merits of traditional methods such as IDEF0 and Petri Net. In this paper, a four-layer-one-angel hierarchical modeling framework based on OOP is defined. And the modeling description of these layers is expounded, such as: hybrid production control modeling and human resource dispatch modeling. To validate the modeling method, a case study of an auto-product line in a motor manufacturing company has been carried out.

Control performance simulation and tests for Microgravity Active vibration Isolation System onboard the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft

The Microgravity Active vibration Isolation System(MAIS),which was onboard China’s first cargo-spacecraft Tianzhou-1 launched on April 20,2017,aims to provide high-level microgravity at an order of 10^(-5)–10^(-6)g for specific scientific experiments.MAIS is mainly composed of a stator and a floater,and payloads are mounted on the floater.Sensing relative motion with respect to the stator fixed on the spacecraft,the floater is isolated from vibration on the stator via control forces and torques generated by electromagnetic actuators.This isolation results in a high-level microgravity environment.Before MAIS was launched into space,its control performance had been simulated on computers and tested by air-bearing platform levitation and aircraft parabolic flight.This article first presents an overview of the MAIS’s hardware system,particularly system structure,measurement sensors,and control actuators.Its system dynamics,state estimation,and control laws are then discussed,followed by the results of computer simulation and engineering tests,including the test of the six-degree-of-freedom motion by aircraft parabolic flight.Simulation and test results verify the accuracy of the control strategy design,effectiveness of the control algorithms,and performance of the entire control system,paving the way for operation of MAIS in space.This article also presents the steps recommended for the control performance simulation and tests of MAIS-like devices.These devices are expected to be used on China’s Space Station for various scientific experiments that require a high-level microgravity environment.

On the Design of Optimal Feedback Control for Systems of Second Order

A difficult but important problem in optimal control theory is the design of an optimal feedback control, i.e., the design of an optimal control as function of the phase (state) coordinates [1,2]. This problem can be solved not often. We study here the autonomous nonlinear system of second order in general form. The constraints imposed on the control input can depend on the phase (state) coordinates of the system. The goal of the control is to maximize or minimize one phase coordinate of the considered system while other takes a prescribed in advance value. In the literature, optimal control problems for the systems of second order are most frequently associated with driving both phase coordinates to a prescribed in advance state. In this statement of the problem, the optimal control feedback can be designed only for special kind of systems. In our statement of the problem, an optimal control can be designed as function of the state coordinates for more general kind of the systems. The problem of maximization or minimization of the swing amplitude is considered explicitly as an example. Simulation results are presented.

Design and Efficient Controller for Micro Turbine System

In this modern era, power generation seems to be a very demanding factor. New models and methods have been proposed to derive from various natural and manmade resources. In such instances, this paper gives a detailed report on the power generation from Micro Turbines. Micro turbine plays a very important role in electric power generation. Especially they are used in the combined cycle process power plants. The parameters of Rowen’s model 265-MW single shaftheavy duty gas turbines which are used in dynamic studies are estimated in this paper using the operational and performance data. These data are also used to briefly explain the extraction of parameters of the used model. Micro turbine parameters are approximated using simple thermodynamics assumptions. Micro turbine power generation seems to be an uprising and a promising source and an exact design with a perfect model is capable of producing the highest efficiency. Thus this paper is proposed on the aspects of social awareness to elaborate the control design of Micro Turbine Power Generation System. The parameters of micro turbine models are derived and the results of several simulated tests using Matlab/Simulink are presented.

基于Cast Designer的壳体铸件铸造工艺设计及智能优化

使用Cast Designer铸造仿真分析软件,通过可铸性评估系统DFM,完成浇冒系统的辅助设计,然后使用DOE技术和基于遗传算法GA的智能优化技术,评估不同工艺设计方案与铸造过程参数对壳体铸件质量的影响,分析在不同的冒口、冷铁和浇注温度条件下得料率和缩孔量的关系。根据对DOE模拟结果的分析,发现顶冒口和侧冒口尺寸是影响得料率和缩孔量的关键因数,再利用遗传算法GA选择最佳设计方案和参数。通过帕累托曲线得到了生产壳体铸件的最优工艺方案。

A Hyper-redundant Elephant’s Trunk Robot with an Open Structure:Design,Kinematics,Control and Prototype

As for the complex operational tasks in the unstructured environment with narrow workspace and numerous obstacles,the traditional robots cannot accomplish these mentioned complex operational tasks and meet the dexterity demands.The hyper-redundant bionic robots can complete complex tasks in the unstructured environments by simulating the motion characteristics of the elephant’s trunk and octopus tentacles.Compared with traditional robots,the hyper-redundant bionic robots can accomplish complex tasks because of their flexible structure.A hyper-redundant elephant’s trunk robot(HRETR)with an open structure is developed in this paper.The content includes mechanical structure design,kinematic analysis,virtual prototype simulation,control system design,and prototype building.This design is inspired by the flexible motion of an elephant’s trunk,which is expansible and is composed of six unit modules,namely,3UPS-PS parallel in series.First,the mechanical design of the HRETR is completed according to the motion characteristics of an elephant’s trunk and based on the principle of mechanical bionic design.After that,the backbone mode method is used to establish the kinematic model of the robot.The simulation software SolidWorks and ADAMS are combined to analyze the kinematic characteristics when the trajectory of the end moving platform of the robot is assigned.With the help of ANSYS,the static stiffness of each component and the whole robot is analyzed.On this basis,the materials of the weak parts of the mechanical structure and the hardware are selected reasonably.Next,the extensible structures of software and hardware control system are constructed according to the modular and hierarchical design criteria.Finally,the prototype is built and its performance is tested.The proposed research provides a method for the design and development for the hyper-redundant bionic robot.

水下控制模块安装工具结构设计与对接精度分析

水下控制模块是水下生产系统的关键部件,针对水下控制模块在水下如何精准、高效、安全地实现回收和再安装工作的问题,本文设计了一种水下控制模块安装工具。对此安装工具进行了机械结构的设计,将安装工具各部分结构在工作过程中的作用进行了介绍。针对安装工具能够顺利完成水下控制模块的安装,基于安装工具各部分结构对接精度关系分析,通过数学建模与仿真分析,得到影响水下控制模块安装精度的原因,设计合理的安装精度参数。将仿真分析得到的数据与设计参数相比较,可证明水下控制模块的结构设计能满足水下控制模块的对接定位精度要求。结果表明:各精度参数满足水下控制模块安装工具设计要求,在此设计参数下安装工具能够完成水下控制模块的精确安装。

空调系统电气控制单元设计与仿真

空调设备是夏季防暑、冬季防寒的重要设备,对北方和南方的居住环境适宜度调节都具有非常重要的作用。常规控制方法作用之下,空调系统存在响应速度慢,系统满载运行功率高、能源浪费等突出问题。该文针对空调设备的电气控制进行系统研究,并开展相应的实验验证。首先对空调系统的组成结构和工作原理进行分析,给出基于STM32嵌入式电气控制系统的硬件结构和软件设计方案,并给出空调制冷过程、冷却过程、蒸发器工作过程对应的算法模型。实验以5组空调设备为实验对象,以常规控制方法为参照方法,证实在该方法控制作用下,空调设备可以实现快速的功率效应,并且具有较低的满载运行功率,从而达到有效的节能效果。实验结果充分证明该文设计的空调系统电气控制硬件和软件的有效性。

工业设计协同虚拟现实教学系统设计研究

元宇宙理念将增强现实、虚拟现实等沉浸式技术应用于教学,将学生的感知从二维课本转向三维沉浸式虚拟空间,也对人才的培养提出了更高的需求。为了使学生更形象的了解发动机构造及工作原理,增强教师在虚拟教学中的作用,开发了基于元宇宙理念的工业设计协同虚拟现实教学系统。系统运用Rhino、3ds Max建模软件构建了工业设计发动机模型和教学场景模型,并实现了发动机总体构造、工作原理、拆装实训的可视化;使用Unity 3D虚拟现实开发引擎,以客户端/服务端模式实现教学活动,最终在HMD(头戴显示器)等虚拟现实设备上进行学习。系统经实验验证,在可用性和有效性上得到良好的反馈。上述系统设计实现为空间性和协作性较强的课程提供了一种新的教学思路与方法。

一种两级螺旋精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥装置的研究与试验

针对目前螺旋施肥装置在果园施肥过程中排肥脉动较大导致排肥均匀性差和排肥稳定性低等问题,研制了一种两级螺旋施肥装置.采用EDEM仿真软件进行了侧面排肥口开口角度的优化,研究了该施肥装置上下两级螺杆不同转速比对排肥均匀性和稳定性的影响;室内台架试验标定了复合肥、尿素、有机肥的单圈排肥量,并建立了排肥控制模型;设计了以STM32F103RCT6单片机为核心的精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥控制系统;通过室外大棚果园试验检验了该装置的对靶精度与排肥性能.仿真结果表明:排肥口开口角度和上下两级螺杆不同转速比会影响该施肥装置的排肥均匀性和稳定性,且最佳开口角度为50°,最佳转速比为1∶1.5,其排肥均匀性变异系数的均值为7.35%,肥料填充系数方差为0.009.室内台架试验结果表明:当电机转速在120 r/min内时,3种肥料实际单圈排肥量与理论单圈排肥量相对误差最大为3.37%,单圈排肥稳定性变异系数最大为2.83%,该装置排肥准确且单圈排肥量稳定.室外大棚果园试验结果表明:单棵柑橘树实际排肥量与给定排肥量相对误差最大为4.35%;自动对靶起点误差最大为0.17 m,终点误差最大为0.08 m,且肥料掉落位置均在柑橘树冠层直径内;排肥稳定性变异系数最大为7.22%;3种肥料中排肥均匀性变异系数最大为6.41%.该装置有效减小了排肥脉动,提高了排肥性能,且对靶误差小,满足果园精准变量自动对靶遥控施肥要求.该研究以期为两级螺旋施肥装置排肥脉动问题的优化提供理论依据,并为精准变量施肥提供技术参考.

长距离井下循环模拟试验装置控制系统的设计

介绍了长距离井下循环模拟试验装置的结构,设计了长距离井下距离循环模拟试验装置控制系统。控制系统由硬件、软件两部分组成。分析了控制系统的输入和输出,并给出了具体的硬件和软件设计。硬件包括控制单元、执行单元、人机接口,软件包括可编程序控制器程序、人机界面程序。

悬吊康复机器人设计与电流跟踪控制仿真分析

设计了一种悬吊康复机器人,可以满足不同脑卒中患者的差异化减重需求,用于患者的平衡步态训练。对悬吊康复机器人进行机构设计,悬吊机构采用磁粉离合器驱动,并设计驱动电路。为提高输出电流的稳定性,提出反向传播神经网络比例积分微分控制,对悬挂康复机器人输出电流进行跟踪控制。通过电流跟踪控制仿真分析,验证了设计的合理性。

星载高精度偏振扫描仪热控设计与验证

偏振扫描仪安装于卫星对地板,周围有其他载荷的遮挡,热环境复杂,是卫星热控设计的难点。文章根据扫描仪不同部组件的控温要求设计热控方案,包括:主光学组件与框架隔热并包覆多层隔热组件;红外探测器热沉、头部电路盒分别设计独立的散热路径,通过外贴热管连接辅助散热板散热;结合电加热主动控温;在主要部位安装隔热垫。该热控方案已通过热平衡试验在地面的考核验证,在轨遥测数据显示:主光学组件温度控制在(16±1)℃,头部电路盒温度控制在6~8℃,红外探测器热沉温度控制在(-22±1)℃,满足扫描仪各项温度指标要求。以上表明该热控方案合理有效,对同类型光学载荷的热控设计及优化具有借鉴意义。

深部高应力巷道围岩控制与支护设计

以新集一矿360606工作面为研究对象,通过现场调研、理论推导,分析出深部高应力围岩变形特征以及主动支护机理。应用数值模拟分析最佳支护参数,设计出巷道支护方案,再通过现场实践验证支护有效性。研究结果表明:(1)6煤巷道选用Q335左旋预应力锚杆,型号为φ22 mm×2 500 mm,其中巷道两帮的锚杆间排距为900 mm×1 000 mm;顶板锚杆间排距为900 mm×1 000 mm;(2)理论推导出浅部顶板临界离层值确定为60 mm,总的顶板临界离层值为90 mm,进一步取80%安全值为72 mm,现场测得数据远小于安全值。为深部高应力巷道的围岩控制与支护设计提供研究参考。

Design of Out-of-Band Protocols to Transmit UHDTV Contents in the CATV Network

The goal of an UHDTV is to broadcast digital video contents which is 16 times the pixel resolution of HDTV. As the resolution is increased, the UHDTV requires a transmission technology to support very high data transfer rate. In this paper, we propose two out-of-band protocols to transmit UHDTV contents in a CATV network: an OOB-based protocol and a DSG-based protocol. The former may be a short term solution which is well suitable for a traditional CATV network and the letter may be a long term solution which is adoptable for a CATV network equipped with DOCSIS functionalities. In order to transfer 200 Mbps UHDTV contents, proposed protocols use a channel bonding mechanism which combines several QAM channels. We propose CATV network architectures to support an UHDTV service with a channel bonding mechanism, and design the format of messages to share the information of bonded channels between a headend and a STB. We develop an OPNET simulator and ascertain successful transmission of UHDTV contents.