Analysis of The Value of Multi-Slice Spiral CT and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in The Diagnosis of Carpal Joint Injury

Objective:To analyze the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in the diagnosis of carpal joint injury.Methods:A total of 130 patients with suspected wrist injuries admitted to the Department of Orthopedics of our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a single group(n=65)and a joint group(n=65).The single group was diagnosed using multi-slice spiral CT,and the joint group was diagnosed using multi-slice spiral CT and magnetic resonance imaging,with pathological diagnosis as the gold standard.The diagnostic results of both groups were compared to the gold standard,and the diagnostic energy efficiency of both groups was compared.Results:The diagnostic results of the single group compared with the gold standard were significant(P<0.05).The diagnostic results of the joint group compared with the gold standard were not significant(P>0.05).The sensitivity and accuracy of diagnosis in the joint group were significantly higher than that in the single group(P<0.05).The specificity of diagnosis in the joint group was higher as compared to that in the single group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of multi-slice spiral CT and MRI was highly accurate in diagnosing wrist injuries,and the misdiagnosis rate and leakage rate were relatively low.Hence,this diagnostic program is recommended to be popularized.

Validation of a novel imaging approach using multi-slice CT and cone-beam CT to follow-up on condylar remodeling after bimaxillary surgery

The main goal of this study was to introduce a novel three-dimensional procedure to objectively quantify both inner and outer condylar remodelling on preoperative multi-slice computed tomography （MSCT） and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography （CBCT） images. Second, the reliability and accuracy of this condylar volume quantification method was assessed. The mandibles of 20 patients （11 female and 9 male） who underwent bimaxillary surgery were semi-automatically extracted from MSCT/CBCT scans and rendered in 3D. The resulting condyles were spatially matched by using an anatomical landmark-based registration procedure. A standardized sphere was created around each condyle, and the condylar bone volume within this selected region of interest was automatically calculated. To investigate the reproducibility of the method, inter- and intra-observer reliability was calculated for assessments made by two experienced radiologists twice five months apart in a set of ten randomly selected patients. To test the accuracy of the bone segmentation, the inner and outer bone structures of one dry mandible, scanned according to the clinical set-up, were compared with the gold standard, micro-CT. Thirty-eight condyles showed a significant （P〈O.05） mean bone volume decrease of 26.4%_ 11.4% （502.9 mm3＋ 268.1 mm3）. No significant effects of side, sex or age were found. Good to excellent （ICC〉 0.6） intra- and inter-observer reliability was observed for both MSCT and CBCT. Moreover, the bone segmentation accuracy was less than one voxel （0.4 mm） for MSCT （0.3 mm __. 0.2 mm） and CBCT （0.4 mm _ 0.3 mm）, thus indicating the clinical potential of this method for objective follow-up in pathological condylar resorption.

Imaging plaque inflammation in asymptomatic cocaine addicted individuals with simultaneous positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging

BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.

Improved simultaneous multislice magnetic resonance imaging using total variation regularization

Controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration （CAIPIRINHA） for simultaneous multislice imaging has been proposed recently, which combines multiband excitation and phase cycling techniques to reduce scan time and improve subsequent imaging reconstruction. In this work, the total variation （TV） regularization method is used to further improve CAIPIRINHA. The TV regularization uses an edge-preserving prior, which establishes a relationship between neighboring pixels for image reconstruction. It reduces artifacts and suppresses noise amplification simultaneously. The results are presented with a standard eight-channel head coil with an acceleration factor of 4, where the TV-regularized CAIPIRINHA generates an improved reconstruction as compared with a typical nonregularized CAIPIRINHA.

Simultaneous Echo Refocused Magnetization Transfer Imaging

Purpose: To increase the efficiency of densely encoded magnetization transfer imaging of the brain, we time-multiplex multiple slices within the same readout using simultaneous echo refocusing FLASH imaging with magnetization transfer (MT) preparation (MT-SER-FLASH). Materials and Methods: Inefficiency in total scan time results from the number of frequency samples needed for sufficient quality of quantitative parameter maps for a binary spin bath model. We present a highly efficient multiplexing method, simultaneous echo refocused magnetization transfer imaging (MT-SER-FLASH) for reducing the total scan time of MT imaging by one-third. The specific absorption rate (SAR) was also reduced by reducing the number of MT-pulses per volume. Results: 2D-MT-SER-FLASH is performed in 19 minutes rather than 1 hour, acceptable for routine clinical application. The SAR could be reduced to 69% instead of more than 100% with a standard 2D or 3D-FLASH with MT-preparation. Conclusion: The net reduction of scan time and SAR enables the use of quantitative model based magnetization transfer imaging within a clinical environment.

Comparison of the Imaging Manifestations and Diagnostic Values of Multi-slice Spiral CT and Enhanced MRI Scans of Primary Liver Cancer(PLC)Intrahepatic Lesions

Objective:To compare and analyze the clinical diagnostic value of multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI for primary liver cancer(PLC),and to summarize the imaging findings.Methods:The research subjects in this article were 50 patients with PLC who were admitted to our hospital from 2017 April to 2018 September.After the patients were admitted,they were examined by multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI scanning,and the pathological diagnosis results were followed up.Relevant information was reviewed and analyzed.Results:The detection rate of multi-slice spiral CT was higher than that of MRI in the portal venous phase lesion detection.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rate of lesions in the arterial phase and delayed phase was not statistically significant(P>0.05);the diagnostic accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT was 85.96%,and the diagnostic accuracy of enhanced MRI scanning was 91.11%,which was not statistically significant(P>0.05).MRI scans showed the capsules of primary liver cancer better than CT,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion:In conclusion,both multi-slice spiral CT and enhanced MRI can be used for the effective diagnosis of primary liver cancer intrahepatic lesions.The diagnostic value of the two is equivalent,but enhanced MRI has a slightly higher diagnostic accuracy and can be used as the preferred method.

Multi-slice Spiral CT Three-dimensional Portography in Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus of Hepatic Cancer

Objective: To study the clinical significance of multi-slice spiral CT 3-dimensional (3D) portography in portal vein tumor thrombosis of hepatocellular cacinoma.Methods: 57 cases undergoing 3D portography were collected, of which 6 cases were normal, 5 cases were subjected to cirrhosis and hypertension of portal vein, 42 cases had portal tumor thrombus of hepatic cancer, and the remaining 4 cases showed lymph node enlargment in hilar of liver. All data of the patients came from conventional multi-slice spiral CT double phase of liver. Contrast media was 1.5–2 ml/kg with the injection rate being 2.5–3 ml/s. Axis and 3D portography was analyzed and compared in 42 cases of portal tumor thrombus of hepatic cancer.Results: According to portal tumor thrombus position, 42 cases were fallen into three categories: left (13 cases), right (20 cases), main (9 cases) of potal vein. There was no difference between axis and 3D portography in displaying portal tumor thrombus of hepatic cancer (P>0.05), but 3D portography showing collateral branches was better than axis portography after main portal vein thrombus.Conclusion: Multi-slice spiral CT 3D portography can display the position and types of portal tumor thrombus of hepatic cancer. 3D combined with axis portography can better evaluate the portal tumor thrombus of hepatic cancer and guide to select the therapies. Key words portal vein - tumor thrombus - multi-slice CT - 3 dimension imaging

Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease

Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases （83%） with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases （45%） with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〉 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〈 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.

Comparison of free breathing and respiratory triggered diffusion-weighted imaging sequences for liver imaging

BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI)has become a useful tool in the detection,characterization,and evaluation of response to treatment of many cancers,including malignant liver lesions.DWI offers higher image contrast between lesions and normal liver tissue than other sequences.DWI images acquired at two or more b-values can be used to derive an apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC).DWI in the body has several technical challenges.This include ghosting artifacts,mis-registration and susceptibility artifacts.New DWI sequences have been developed to overcome some of these challenges.Our goal is to evaluate 3 new DWI sequences for liver imaging.AIM To qualitatively and quantitatively compare 3 DWI sequences for liver imaging:free-breathing(FB),simultaneous multislice(SMS),and prospective acquisition correction(PACE).METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)was performed in 20 patients in this prospective study.The MR study included 3 separate DWI sequences:FB-DWI,SMS-DWI,and PACE-DWI.The image quality,mean ADC,standard deviations(SD)of ADC,and ADC histogram were compared.Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare qualitative image quality.A linear mixed model was used to compare the mean ADC and the SDs of the ADC values.All tests were 2-sided and P values of<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS There were 56 lesions(50 malignant)evaluated in this study.The mean qualitative image quality score of PACE-DWI was 4.48.This was significantly better than that of SMS-DWI(4.22)and FB-DWI(3.15)(P<0.05).Quantitatively,the mean ADC values from the 3 different sequences did not significantly differ for each liver lesion.FB-DWI had a markedly higher variation in the SD of the ADC values than did SMS-DWI and PACE-DWI.We found statistically significant differences in the SDs of the ADC values for FB-DWI vs PACE-DWI(P<0.0001)and for FB-DWI vs SMS-DWI(P=0.03).The SD of the ADC values was not statistically significant for PACE-DWI and SMS-DWI(P=0.18).The quality of the PACE-DWI ADC histograms were considered better than the SMS-DWI and FB-DWI.CONCLUSION Compared to FB-DWI,both PACE-DWI and SMS-DWI provide better image quality and decreased quantitative variability in the measurement of ADC values of liver lesions.

同时多层成像技术用于弥散张量成像评估脑胶质瘤

目的探讨同时多层成像(SMS)技术用于弥散张量成像(DTI)评估脑胶质瘤的价值。方法前瞻性对34例脑胶质瘤患者采集颅脑常规DTI及SMS-DTI,对比2种图像质量主观评分、信噪比(SNR)及对比度信噪比(CNR),以及基于2种图像所获全脑纤维束数及肿瘤相对各向异性分数(rFA)和平均扩散率(rMD)。结果34例中,23例为高级别、11例为低级别胶质瘤。SMS-DTI整体图像质量、显示肿瘤边缘清晰度和磁敏感伪影主观评分与常规DTI差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05),而其SNR、CNR均低于常规DTI(P均<0.05);基于SMS-DTI所获不同病理分级脑胶质瘤患者全脑纤维束数及肿瘤rFA和rMD与常规DTI差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论SMS技术用于DTI评估脑胶质瘤可在保证图像质量及定量分析结果准确性的前提下有效缩短采集时间。

基于视觉同时定位与地图构建的水下图像增强式视觉三维重建方法

针对仿生机器鱼水下作业时面临的水下图像质量偏低、水下自主定位难的问题,提出一种颜色均衡与G-B通道先验融合的水下图像增强式算法。将该算法和视觉同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)方法结合,实现了水下图像增强式的视觉三维重建。在不同水域环境下进行了水下图像处理实验、水下环境视觉三维重建实验和运动轨迹跟踪实验,结果表明该方法有效提高了水下图像综合质量,特征匹配效率提高了16.03%,真实轨迹与估计轨迹的误差平均约为7.99 mm。

基于深度学习的图像匹配:方法、应用与挑战

图像匹配旨在建立图像之间的点对应关系,是许多计算机视觉任务的关键环节.近年来,随着深度学习技术的发展,图像匹配方法已从以手工设计特征为主转变为基于深度网络的方法,基于深度学习的图像匹配方法在多个标准数据集上展现出卓越的性能,推动着多个相关应用的发展围绕图像匹配涉及的若干关键问题,如:特征点检测、特征点描述、稠密点匹配、误匹配去除,本文对深度学习图像匹配方法进行了系统性总结.首先分析了领域内基于深度学习的典型方法和关键技术,随后介绍了与图像匹配密切相关的几个典型应用并给出其现状分析,最后,根据对图像匹配领域技术发展的分析总结,结合作者在该领域的长期研究积累,本文给出了目前图像匹配所面临的主要挑战以及未来发展趋势。

狭义相对论时空观的图像解译

狭义相对论的时空观之所以抽象且难以理解,一方面是因为狭义相对论所涉及的时空效应,如同时性的相对性、长度收缩和时间延缓等,在实际中都很难被观测到;另一方面是因为我们很难将这些时空效应同时直观形象地描述出来,并且给出不同参考系各自观测到的时空效应之间的对应关系。本文针对这一问题,利用图示法将两个参考系在不同时刻观测到的时空图像表示出来,并结合具体数值对他们间的对应关系进行讨论。在图示法中同时考虑了同时性的相对性、长度收缩和时间延缓这三个狭义相对论重要的时空效应,这样可直观形象地看到在一个参考系中得到的观测结果会被另一个参考系所认同,正是这些彼此认同的观测结果构成了狭义相对论的时空观。通过对不同参考系中观察到的时空图像及其相互联系的讨论,可以加深学生对狭义相对论时空效应及洛伦兹变换的物理意义的理解。

基于记忆泊车场景的视觉SLAM算法

随着自动驾驶技术的发展,视觉同步建图与定位(SLAM)技术受到越来越多的关注。在记忆泊车场景中,需要对停车场场景建立先验地图,待汽车再次驶入相同的停车场时,使用视觉SLAM进行场景建图与定位。为使SLAM所建地图的鲁棒性更好、精度和效率更高,文中首先使用轻量化的深度学习算法改善传统特征提取算法在不同场景下鲁棒性较差的不足,用深度可分离卷积代替普通卷积结构,从而大大提升了特征提取效率;接着基于ResNet网络改进Patch-NetVLAD算法,并在MSLS数据集上对改进的残差网络和原始VGG网络进行重新训练,使用图像检索进行粗定位,挑选出候选图像帧,再通过精定位求解相机位姿,完成全局初始化的重定位;在此基础上,使用改进后的词袋算法重新训练不同停车场场景下的图像,将所有算法移植到OpenVSLAM架构中完成实际场景的建图与定位。实验结果表明,文中设计的视觉SLAM系统能够完成地上停车场、地下停车场以及室外半封闭园区道路等多场景的建图,平均纵向定位误差为8.42 cm,平均横向定位误差为8.30 cm,均达到工程要求。

分数阶微积分模型DWI结合SMS技术在乳腺良恶性病变中的应用价值

目的 探讨分数阶微积分(fractional-order calculus, FROC)模型扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging, DWI)结合多层同时(simultaneous multi-slice, SMS)技术在乳腺良恶性病变中的应用价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年12月在我院接受乳腺MRI扫描的124例患者(141个病变),所有患者均应用3.0 T MR行两组多b值(14个b值、最高b值3 000 s/mm^(2)) DWI扫描,一组为常规单次激发平面回波成像(single-shot echo planar imaging, SSEPI)-DWI,另一组为SMS-SSEPI-DWI。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验比较良恶性病变组的图像质量评分、FROC模型参数值[异常扩散系数(D)、体素内扩散异质性参数(β)和空间参数(μ)]和表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC)值。并利用受试者工作特性(receiver operating characteristic, ROC)曲线评价各参数的诊断效能。应用Bland-Altman图评估两组DWI衍生参数间的一致性。结果 乳腺恶性病变的ADC、D、β值均低于良性组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),恶性病变的μ值高于良性组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在SSEPI-DWI和SMS-SSEPI-DWI序列中,D值曲线下面积最大,β值诊断敏感性最高,D值特异性最高。Bland-Altman图显示两组DWI序列衍生的相对应参数值均无偏倚,具有良好的一致性。结论 基于SMS-SSEPI-DWI FROC模型可以在临床可接受时间内提供良好的图像质量和病变特征参数值,与SSEPI-DWI相比,其在鉴别乳腺良恶性病变方面具有一致的诊断性能,D值和β值表现出较好的诊断性能。

用于VSLAM系统的CNN在FPGA平台上的加速

为实现视觉同步定位与建图系统中卷积神经网络在FPGA上的加速,基于SuperPoint模型设计一种低功耗高效CNN加速器及相应的SoC系统。采用循环分块、数据复用、计算单元展开和双缓冲策略充分利用加速器的片上资源;为提高突发传输效率,预先对权重参数重排;提出Pack模块和Unpack模块,设计多通道数据传输,用于提高传输带宽。在Ultra96-V2 FPGA平台上部署整个SoC系统,在仅3 W左右的功耗下实现25.63 GOPS的吞吐量,其BRAM效率、DSP效率、性能密度和功耗效率相比之前的文献有明显优势。

基于改进群稀疏正则化的稀疏角度图像重建

计算机断层扫描(Computer Tomography,CT)是临床医学中广泛使用的医学图像,可以清楚地显示人体的精细结构细节,为医生诊断疾病提供很大帮助。通过最近的研究表明,基于群稀疏正则化的联合代数重建技术(Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique,SART)重建在稀疏角度采样背景下可以获得较好的性能。然而,群稀疏正则化在去掉伪影的同时,可能将边缘或细节过度平滑,使得对比度降低,无法获得符合人类视觉效果的高分辨率图像。因此,该文提出了一种基于改进群稀疏正则化的稀疏角度图像重建方法。首先对稀疏角度下的Shepp-Logan模型进行SART重建,再利用群稀疏正则化去除图像伪影,最后利用滚动引导滤波(Rolling Guided Filtering,RGF)进行对比度提升,再次作为SART的输入进行迭代。实验结果表明,该方法在视觉上以及PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio),MSE(Mean Squared Error)和FSIM(Feature Similarity)上均优于其他算法,并且在迭代初始阶段就具有较好的收敛性能。

肝脏磁共振扩散加权成像方法研究进展

扩散加权成像(diffusion weighted imaging,DWI)对肝脏局灶性病变表现出的强大诊断能力主要得益于其成像方法的发展。目前DWI对于肝脏弥漫性病变的评估仍存在缺陷,所以进一步探索并优化其成像方法具有重要意义。为此,本文对近年来肝脏DWI所涉及到的定量成像、图像质量提升和加速成像等方法进行综述。首先,本文阐述了目前肝脏DWI所面对的主要挑战;然后,综述了定量成像模型、脂肪抑制技术、并行成像、压缩感知技术和多层同步成像方法在肝脏DWI中的研究现状和问题的潜在解决方法,为现有成像方法的进一步优化和新方法的引入提供可行思路;最后,对肝脏DWI方法进行了总结与展望。

基于轻量级CNN的视觉SLAM快速回环检测算法

传统基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)的视觉同步定位与地图构建(Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM)系统回环检测目前准确率和召回率较高,但其存在特征提取时间较长和特征向量维度过高导致计算量较大等问题。针对上述问题,结合轻量级卷积神经网络MobileNetV3和PCA降维算法,提出了一种基于深度学习的快速回环检测算法。基于MobileNetV3进行特征提取并构建特征矩阵,运用PCA降维算法完成降维以提升运行速度,使用余弦相似度计算各个特征向量间的相似性,并取最大值与给定阈值比较判断是否构成回环。最后,使用New College和City Centre两个公开的数据集验证算法的性能。实验结果表明,相较于传统的CNN回环检测方法,提出的算法在保证准确率和召回率的同时,运行速度更快,较好的满足了视觉SLAM系统准确性和实时性的要求。

心脑共患疾病及其临床检查和治疗进展

心血管疾病是目前全球以及我国主要的死因,在我国的疾病负担也在逐年加重,其中冠心病以及缺血性卒中具有相似的危险因素,二者常伴随发病,因此在诊断及治疗过程中应考虑到二者共病的情况,并需要多学科的共同参与制定精准的治疗方案,从而改善患者的预后。心脑一站式影像学检查及联合治疗是近年的研究热点,本文就心脑共患病的临床检查和治疗的研究进展进行了简要的综述。