Design,delivery and efficacy testing of therapeutic nucleic acids used to inhibit hepatitis C virus gene expression in vitro and in vivo

Despite major achievements in the treatment ofchronic hepatitis C with the combination ofinterferons and the nucleoside analog ribavirin themajority of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection cannot be treated effectively.Toimprove this response rate we used antisensetechnologies to inhibit HCV translation as possibleadditional option for experimental treatment.Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides(ODN) are

Therapeutic and Medicinal Uses of <i>Aloe vera</i>: A Review

The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative.

Blastocystis hominis as a cause of chronic diarrhea in low-resource settings:A systematic review

BACKGROUND Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis),an anaerobic unicellular protist parasite,is known for its diverse clinical manifestations upon infecting the human gastrointestinal tract.Although globally distributed,it is particularly prevalent in developing nations.Examining the symptoms and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings holds immense significance,providing healthcare practi-tioners with valuable insights to enhance patient care.AIM To synthesize existing evidence on the symptomatology and treatment outcomes of B.hominis infection in low-resource settings.METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines,a systematic review was conducted.The search spanned electronic databases including PubMed,Scopus,and Google Scholar.After a comprehensive screening process,a thorough examination of the papers,adhering to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and data extraction from eligible studies was conducted.The findings underwent summarization through simple descriptive analysis.RESULTS The search yielded 1200 papers,with 17 meeting inclusion criteria.Chronic diarrhea due to B.hominis infection was reported in only two studies,while abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting emerged as the most commonly documented symptoms.Recovery rates after one week of treatment ranged from 71.8%to 100%,and after two weeks,from 60%to 100%.CONCLUSION In low-resource settings,chronic diarrhea resulting from B.hominis infection is infrequent.Common symptoms include abdominal pain,diarrhea,flatulence,constipation,and nausea/vomiting.Post-treatment,clinical outcomes are notably favorable,supporting the recommendation for treatment.Metronidazole is advocated as the first-line agent,with consideration for switching to a second-line option in cases of treatment failure or poor response.

Continuous Wear of Hydrogel Contact Lenses for Therapeutic Use

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and complications of continuous wear of etafilcon A for therapeutic use. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 228 eyes of 219 outpatients prescribed contact lens (CL) for one week of continuous therapeutic wear during 10 years. The reason for prescription of CLs, the primary disease, the duration of CL wear and the complications were assessed retrospectively. Results: The predominant reason for prescription of CLs was relief of pain or a foreign-body sensation (62.3%) and protection of the corneal epithelium (20.6%). The primary disease was post-penetrating keratoplasty (36.8%), followed by corneal epithelial erosion (14.5%), post-lamellar keratoplasty (14.0%) and bullous keratopathy (12.2%). The average duration of wearing single lens was 6.5 ± 3.2 days. The average duration of wearing CLs in total was 9.2 ± 10.7 months. The most frequent problem associated with continuous wear of CLs was their dropping out of CLs (12.3%). The complications associated with CLs included conjunctivitis with papillary hyperplasia, corneal erosion and superficial punctate keratitis, but corneal ulcer and corneal infiltrates were not found. Conclusion: Serious complications were not shown changing the lenses every week to keep to the prescribed time limit for continuous therapeutic wear, even if corneal epithelial barrier function is impaired.

Comparison of long-lasting therapeutic effects between succimer and penicillamine on hepatolenticular degeneration

AIM To compare the long term effect of succimer (Suc) with that of penicillamine (Pen) in treating hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD). METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HLD were divided into 2 groups. Group A ( n =60) received Suc 750mg , po. bid. Group B ( n =60) received Pen 250mg , po. qid. The period of maintenance treatment varied from 6 months to 3 years, averaging 1 5 years. Symptoms and therapeutic effects were evaluated by modified Goldstein scale. RESULTS The total effectiveness of group A in two different periods of treatment were 80% and 85% respectively, higher than those of group B (58% and 59% respectively) ( P <0 05). Suc also had obvious curative effects for the patients who failed in the use of Pen. There were fewer side effect in group A than in group B ( P <0 05). Suc and Pen could increase urinary copper excretion effectively and continually. CONCLUSION Suc is more effective and safer than Pen. Clinically, it can replace Pen as first choice drug for long term maintenance therapy of HLD.

Functional dyspepsia of ulcer-dysmotility type:clinical incidence and therapeutic strategy

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Therapeutic role of template-based lymphadenectomy in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract

Lymphadenectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract has attracted the attention of physicians. The mapping study of lymphatic spread has shown that a relatively wide area should comprise the regional nodes for tumors of the right renal pelvis or the right upper two-thirds of the ureter. A prospective study showed that an anatomical templatebased lymphadenectomy significantly improved patient survival in tumors of the renal pelvis. This benefit was more evident for patients with p T2 stage tumors or higher. The risk of regional node recurrence is significant reduced by template-based lymphadenectomy,which is likely to be associated with improved patient survival. The removal of lymph node micrometastases is assumed to be the reason for therapeutic benefit following lymphadenectomy. The number of resected lymph nodes can be used to assess the quality of lymphadenectomy,but not to determine the extent of lymphadenectomy. The guidelines currently recommend lymphadenectomy for patients with muscle-invasive disease,even though the current recommendation grades are still low. The present limitation of lymphadenectomy is the lack of standardization of the extent of lymphadenectomy and the randomized trials. Further studies are warranted to collect the evidence to support lymphadenectomy.

Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential,yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical tran-splantation.This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies,drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research.We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs,exploring their unique immuno-modulatory capabilities and surface markers.The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation,including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources,concerns about efficacy,and lingering safety apprehensions.Moreover,we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surro-unding MSC transplantation,such as homing,integration,and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects.We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape.As we peer into the future,we examine emerging trends,envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods.Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies,offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities,challenges,and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.

Clinacanthus nutans:a review of the medicinal uses,pharmacology and phytochemistry

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau is known as snake grass belonging to the Acanlhaceae family.This plant has diverse and potential medicinal uses in traditional herbal medicine for treating skin rashes,insects and snake bites,lesions caused by herpes simplex virus,diabetes,and gout in Malaysia.Indonesia.Thailand and China.Phylochemieal investigations documented the varied contents of bioaclive compounds from litis plant namely flavonoids,glycosides,glycoglyeerolipids.cerebrosides and monoacylmonogalatosylglycerol.The pharmacological experiment proved that various types of extracts and pure compounds from this species exhibited a broad range of biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antioxidant,and anti-diabetic activities.The lindings of toxicity study showed that extracts from this plant did not show any toxicity thus it can be used as strong therapeutic agents for specific diseased conditions.However,further experiments on chemical components and their mode of action showing biological activities are required to elucidate the complete phytochemical profile and assess to confirm their suitability tor future drugs.This review summarizes the medicinal uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of this plant in order to explore its therapeutic potential and gaps necessitating for prospected research work.

High-intensity focused ultrasound extracorporeal ablation of liver tissuesin rabbits

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Clinical Observation on the Aggressive Lipid-lowering Treatment with Simvastatin on the Aged Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Objectives To find out the efficient dose and safety of simvastatin (Zocor) on the aged patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) for aggressive lipid-lowering treatment. Methods Select 95 aged patients with CAD combined with primary hyperlipemia and give them 20 mg/day of simvastatin for treatment. According to the therapeutic target of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipopro- tein cholesterol (LDL-C) regulate the dosage of simvas- tatin in follow-up. Observe 12~18 months. Results After treatment, the TC, LDL-C and triglycerides(TG) of the patients reduced by 40% , 52% and 26% respectively, while there was no significant change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The apolipoprotein Al arose by 14.4% , while the apolipoprotein B lowered by 25.0%. The ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C was reduced to 1.96. In the 6th month, the 12th month and the 18th month, respectively, 86%, 93% and 95% of the patients took 10 mg/day of simvastatin and the result was their TC mg/dL (3.7 mmol/L) and LDL-C mg/dL(1.8 mmol/L). There was no special side-effect. Multi-factor analysis indicated the age of the patients was a significant factor affecting the adjustment of the dosage of simvastatin. Conclusions The therapeutic result of simvastatin on the aged patients with CAD for aggressive lipid-lowring treatment is definite, safe and the dose is lower as well.

The role of drug utilization evaluation in medical sciences

Background:Drug utilization evaluation(DUE)is defined by the World Health Organization(WHO)and focuses on the medical,social,and economic consequences of pharmaceutical marketing,distribution,prescribing,and usage in society.The WHO recommends a physician to every 1000 people.According to the recent data from the Health Ministry in 2019,in which 1.16 million doctors are of active population with just 80%,or 0.9 million,practicing.As a result,a ratio of 0.68 doctors for every 1000 people,which is much below as per the WHO reports.This article describes history,types,WHO guidelines,need and purpose of DUE.Objective:The main aim of this paper is to provide information about the rational use of medication in outpa­tient and inpatient department with special emphasis of DUEs.It also provides awareness directly to healthcare professionals,researchers,academicians,pharmacist and nurses to reduce the irrationality of medicines.Methods:The method used to compile this review information gathered from websites,Google scholar,PubMed,Research gate,and studies published on DUE from July 20 to Oct 22 were included as source of information.Results:We studied more than 35 published study on DUE,that reveals most of the physicians prescribed branded drugs not generic drugs,but WHO prescribing indicator allows to prescribe generic drugs in the hospital pharmacy to maintain better inventory control.It may also help to prevent pharmacist misunderstanding during dispensing.Conclusion:The use of generic prescription names avoids the possibility of medication product duplication and lowers patient costs.It is important to remember that incorrect medication prescriptions have impact on both patients and their family members.WHO indicators identify irrational prescribing behaviours to make therapy more rational and cost-effective.

USE OF CELL-BASED BIOASSAY FOR THE QUALITY CONTROL OF BOTANICAL THERAPEUTICS

The single most important factor in modernization efforts of traditional oriental medicines is the limited understanding of active compounds responsible for claimed therapeutic effects.Indeed,the unknown identity of biologically active molecules generates major difficulties associated with botanical therapeutics in general.This includes management of raw materials,poor understanding of

瑞舒伐他汀与辛伐他汀治疗高龄患者高血脂的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀与辛伐他汀在治疗高龄患者高脂血症方面的疗效和安全性。方法:采用随机、双盲研究,入选我院2008年1-8月住院的男性高血脂高龄患者共126例,年龄均大于70岁,平均年龄(78.6±8.3)岁,随机分为治疗组(63例)与对照组(63例)。所有患者均可正常饮食,继续原发病的常规治疗,停用其他降脂药物2周;治疗组使用瑞舒伐他汀每天5mg,对照组使用辛伐他汀每天10mg,均治疗8周。结果:瑞舒伐他汀组经过8周治疗,血浆TC,LDL-C及TG均显著下降,其下降幅度分别为27.5%,36.6%和12.7%,辛伐他汀组则分别下降27.4%,33.6%和12.5%,但两组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。瑞舒伐他汀升高HDL-C幅度明显大于辛伐他汀(10.9%vs2.4%),二者之间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。所有患者对两种药物均能很好地耐受且依从性较好,研究期间未发现药物相关严重不良反应。结论:瑞舒伐他汀5mg与辛伐他汀10mg在降低血浆TC,LDL-C及TG水平方面疗效无明显差异,但瑞舒伐他汀组升高HDL-C幅度明显大于辛伐他汀组。

辛伐他汀的调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化作用

采用食饵性兔动脉粥样硬化为模型 ,以舒降之为阳性对照药 ,研究辛伐他汀的调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化作用。将 5 6只雄性新西兰兔 (体重 1.96± 0 .16kg)随机分为对照组 (颗粒饲料 12 0～ 15 0g d ,n =14 )、动脉粥样硬化模型组 [颗粒饲料 +胆固醇 0 .5g (kg·d) ,n =14 ]、舒降之组 [颗粒饲料 +胆固醇 +舒降之片 5mg (kg·d) ,n =14 ]和辛伐他汀组 [颗粒饲料 +胆固醇 +辛伐他汀片 5mg (kg·d) ,n =14 ]。在实验前、实验第 8、12周末分别测定血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯 ,并分别处死 7只兔取主动脉染色测定主动脉粥样硬化斑块面积。结果发现 ,与对照组相比 ,第8、12周末时动脉粥样硬化模型组血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯均显著增高 ,总胆固醇第 8周末为 14 .86± 4 .15mmol L ,第 12周末时为 18.8± 7.6 8mmol L ;甘油三酯第 8周末为 1.83± 0 .4 9mmol L ,第 12周末时为 2 .5 9± 0 .6 3mmol L。第8、12周末时对照组主动脉粥样硬化斑块面积均为零 ,而动脉粥样硬化模型组主动脉粥样硬化斑块面积分别为 35 .2 9%± 9.4 1%和 4 2 %± 9.6 9% ;辛伐他汀组和舒降之组血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯及主动脉粥样硬化斑块面积均显著低于同期动脉粥样硬化模型组 (P <0 .0 1) ,且该两组同期总胆固醇和甘油三酯及主动脉粥样硬化斑块面?

辛伐他汀对老年冠心病患者血脂和脂质比值的调节作用

目的观察辛伐他汀对老年冠心病患者的血脂和脂质比值的调节作用。方法选择老年冠心病合并原发性高脂血症患者106例,予辛伐他汀20 mg/d,治疗、随访12个月。随访中如患者血清总胆固醇(TC)≤3.6 mmol/L(140 mg/dL)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)≤1.8 mmol/L(70 mg/dL),辛伐他汀减为10 mg/d。结果104例患者治疗12个月后,TC、LDL-C、三酰甘油(TG)和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)分别下降38%、45%、20%和25%,P均<0.001。高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)分别升高7%和10%(P<0.05)。TC/HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C和ApoB/ApoA1比值分别下降为3.30、1.71和0.62,P均<0.001。治疗6个月和12个月时,分别有87.3%和95.2%的患者血脂达标,服用辛伐他汀10 mg/d。结论辛伐他汀对老年冠心病患者的血脂和脂质比值的调节作用显著,安全性良好。

辛伐他汀对老年冠心病患者强化降脂治疗的临床观察

目的 了解辛伐他汀 (舒降之 )对老年冠心病患者强化降脂治疗的有效剂量和安全性。方法 选择老年冠心病并原发性高脂血症患者 5 0例 ,予辛伐他汀 2 0mg/d治疗 ,随访中按预定的总胆固醇 (TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)达标水平调整药物用量。随访 6～ 18个月。结果 治疗后TC、LDL C和甘油三酯分别下降2 7%、36 %和 2 6 % (P均 <0 .0 0 1) ,HDL C无显著变化。载脂蛋白A1升高 14 % ,载脂蛋白B下降 2 5 %。LDL C/HDL C比值下降为 1.96 (P <0 .0 0 1)。随访结束时 ,31%的患者服用辛伐他汀 10mg/d ,保持TC <4 .7mmol/L和LDL C <2 .6mmol/L ;6 9%的患者服用辛伐他汀 5mg/d ,保持TC <4 .2mmol/L和LDL C <2 .1mmol/L。无明显不良反应发生。多因素分析表明 ,年龄增加是影响辛伐他汀剂量调整的重要因素。结论 辛伐他汀对老年冠心病患者强化降脂治疗效果确切 ,所用剂量较小 。

辛伐他汀联合黄芪治疗原发性肾病综合征的疗效观察

目的研究辛伐他汀联合黄芪对原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患者的治疗效果。方法将114例PNS患者随机分为两组,对照组(52例)采用常规激素治疗,治疗组(62例)在常规激素治疗的基础上加用辛伐他汀和黄芪注射液。两组分别于治疗前和治疗后4周检测24小时尿蛋白、血浆白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿素氮、血肌酐,并观察水肿消退时间。结果经4周治疗后,治疗组的完全缓解率(48.4%)和总有效率(91.9%)均明显高于对照组[(26.9%)和(76.9%)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组水肿消退时间为(7.5±2.4)天,显著短于对照组的(13.8±4.2)天,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组可明显降低24小时尿蛋白、显著提高血浆白蛋白,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但其降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿素氮和血肌酐的效果不显著,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组可显著降低24小时尿蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血尿素氮、血肌酐和增加血浆白蛋白(P<0.05),其效果明显优于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论辛伐他汀联合黄芪治疗原发性肾病综合征可以更好的降低血脂和尿蛋白,纠正低蛋白血症,减轻水肿,改善肾功能,效果显著。

辛伐他汀对血脂正常的老年冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的观察不同剂量辛伐他汀对血脂正常水平的老年冠心病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的消退作用及调脂疗效,以及对临床心血管事件影响。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者95例,随机分为对照组及治疗组;治疗组分别口服辛伐他汀20、40 mg共24周,观察治疗前后颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的变化以及冠心病事件的发生情况。结果辛伐他汀20mg及40 mg组均能显著消退颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,20mg组:IMT治疗后(1.21mm±0.17mm)比治疗前(1.49mm±0.26mm)减少(P<0.05)。40mg组:IMT治疗后(1.19mm±0.24mm)比治疗前(1.45mm±0.22mm)减少(P<0.05)。结论辛伐他汀对血脂正常老年冠心病患者仍有调节血脂作用,同时也可进一步减轻颈动脉粥样斑块厚度并能明显减少临床心血管事件的发生。

早期应用辛伐他汀治疗急性冠状动脉综合征的疗效分析

目的观察急性冠状动脉综合征早期应用辛伐他汀降血脂的效果及对患者心血管事件的影响。方法选择急性冠状动脉综合征患者100例,随机分为治疗和对照组,对照组应用常规抗心绞痛药物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予辛伐他汀40mg治疗,出院后继续服用6个月。观察两组患者用药前后的血脂变化及主要心血管事件发生率。结果用药治疗6个月后治疗组血脂明显低于其治疗前及对照组;心血管事件发生率对照组40%,治疗组12%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论急性冠状动脉综合征早期应用辛伐他汀治疗,可使患者的血脂水平明显降低,心血管事件发生率明显降低,疗效确切、安全。