Sinapic acid ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharideinduced fulminant hepatitis in rats:Role of nuclear factor erythroidrelated factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathways

BACKGROUND Sinapic acid(SA)has been shown to have various pharmacological properties such as antioxidant,antifibrotic,anti-inflammatory,and anticancer activities.Its mechanism of action is dependent upon its ability to curb free radical production and protect against oxidative stress-induced tissue injuries.AIM To study the hepatoprotective effects of SA against lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/Dgalactosamine(D-GalN)-induced acute liver failure(ALF)in rats.METHODS Experimental ALF was induced with an intraperitoneal(i.p.)administration of 8μg LPS and 800 mg/kg D-GalN in normal saline.SA was administered orally once daily starting 7 d before LPS/D-GalN treatment.RESULTS Data showed that SA ameliorates acute liver dysfunction,decreases serum levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),as well as malondialdehyde(MDA)and NO levels in ALF model rats.However,pretreatment with SA(20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg)reduced nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB)activation and levels of inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 6).Also,SA increased the activity of the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1(Nrf2/HO-1)signaling pathway.CONCLUSION In conclusion,SA offers significant protection against LPS/D-GalN-induced ALF in rats by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulating NF-κB.

Application of advanced oxidation processes for removing salicylic acid from synthetic wastewaters

In this study,advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) such as anodic oxidation(AO),UV/H_2O_2 and Fenton processes(FP) were investigated for the degradation of salicylic acid(SA) in lab-scale experiments.Boron-doped diamond(BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for AO of SA.In the case of FP and UV/H_2O_2,most favorable experimental conditions were determined for each process and these were used for comparing with AO process.The study showed that the FP was the most effective process under aci...

Therapeutic effect of Sinapic acid in aluminium chloride induced dementia of Alzheimer's type in rats

Objective:To evaluate the effect of sinapic acid against Aluminium chloride-induced dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) type in rat.Methods:The study was designed to induce dementia by chronic exposure of aluminium chloride at a dose of 175 mg/kg, p.o. for a period of 25 days in rats and then divided into different groups,i.e. Treatment group, negative control and two groups of sinapic acid, (at a dose of 20 and 40mg/kg, p.o.), where these groups treated and observed till the 35th day of experimental trial. The behavioural, neuronal and biochemical parameters were determined during or end of experiment. Histological changes in the brain were also observed.Results:Aluminium chloride at a dose of 175 mg/kg, o.p. had significantly induced the dementia and sinapic acid, at a dose of 40 mg/kg, p.o., possessed therapeutic effect against Aluminium chloride induced-dementia of AD type in rats.Conclusions:Sinapic acid is a class of compound wide spread in plant kingdom and could be a better source of neutraceuticals in brain disorders. The compound showed anin vivo MAO-A and MAO-B inhibiting activity and their role in Alzheimer's disease type of dementia was unexplored. The article also provides information on acute toxicity of sinapic acid with no toxicological sign on brain with chronic dose of AlCl3.

Non-covalent interaction between almond protein and sinapic acid: impact on protein structure and antioxidant activity

Plant phenolic acids are good sources of antioxidants and sinapic acid(SA)is one of them that can be applied in protein-based food system.However,little research is available regarding interactions between almond protein(AP)and SA.In this study,structure-affinity interaction between SA and AP,structure and antioxidant activity of proteins were investigated.Different mathematical models showed that Ka of binding SA and AP were 3.27×10^4 L/mol and 3.08×10^4 L/mol.CD(Circular dichroism)spectroscopy and FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared)spectroscopy showed that the amount of random coil andα-helix decreased whileβ-sheet increased in AP-SA complex.In combination,the interaction model of AP-SA complex was static quenching and attributed to hydrophobic interaction.Further,AP-SA complex exerted better DPPH radical scavenging ability(36.97±0.78%),ABTS+radical scavenging ability(47.26±0.45%),and higher ORAC value(2.41±0.23 M trolox/g)compared to AP.In the further,SA can be applied in protein matrix to improve film stability,gel strength and restraining fat oxidation degradation.

Science Letters:Anodic oxidation of salicylic acid at Ta/BDD electrode

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) film electrodes using Ta as substrates were employed for anodic oxidation of salicylic acid (SA). The effects of operational variables including initial concentration,current density,temperature and pH were examined. The results showed that BDD films deposited on the Ta substrates had high electrocatalytic activity for SA degradation. There was little effect of pH on SA degradation. The current efficiency (CE) was found to be dependent mainly on the initial SA concentration,current density and temperature. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 830 mg/L to 42 mg/L under a current density of 200 A/m2 at 30 °C.

GA和SA互作对黄花蒿生长及青蒿素合成的影响

以青蒿素为基础的联合疗法是当今治疗疟疾的最有效、最重要的手段.近年来随着研究的深入,青蒿素越来越多的药理作用,如抗肿瘤、抗糖尿病等被发现和应用研究,因此青蒿素市场需求量极大.本课题旨在研究水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、赤霉素(gibberellic acid,GA)、水杨酸与赤霉素互作(SA+GA)对黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)植株的生长和青蒿素质量比的影响.研究表明,SA诱导会显著降低黄花蒿植株的农艺性状、生理生化指标以及青蒿素合成关键酶基因的表达水平,并降低青蒿素质量比.GA处理会显著增高黄花蒿植株的大部分农艺性状、生理生化指标,以及青蒿素合成相关基因的表达量,促进青蒿素生物合成;而SA+GA处理会产生拮抗作用,影响黄花蒿的农艺性状、生理生化指标,以及青蒿素合成相关基因的表达量,从而影响青蒿素的生物合成.

1-甲基环丙烯结合水杨酸处理维持百香果甲基环丙烯结合水杨酸处理维持百香果果实贮藏品质

为延长百香果的贮藏期并保持贮藏过程中的品质,对比研究2 mmol/L水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、1 mmol/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)、1-MCP结合SA处理对紫色百香果果实采后贮藏期间品质、活性氧、抗氧化酶指标的影响。百香果果实经SA、1-MCP和1-MCP结合SA处理后,一定程度抑制乙烯的释放和脂氧合酶(li-poxygenase,LOX)活性,促进几丁质酶(chitinase,CHI)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)的活性,增强抗氧化和抗病性作用,降低腐烂率。但因SA可以增强呼吸,故导致凹陷和失重,加快总酸流失;1-MCP抑制呼吸作用,增强超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,有利于控制失重和凹陷,但其对过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响不利于控制衰老。1-MCP结合SA对POD活性,CHI活性以及GLU活性的正向影响强于单独使用1-MCP或SA处理。因此,1-MCP结合SA通过提高百香果果实的抗氧化能力和抗病能力,降低百香果果实的凹陷、失重和腐烂率,且可有效避免单独使用1-MCP或SA处理的不良作用,协同维持百香果果实采后贮藏品质。

芥子酸对含壳聚糖的模型饮料中花色苷的保护作用

花色苷可作为饮料等食品体系中的天然着色剂,但其易受到食品中抗坏血酸的影响而降解,在饮料中加入壳聚糖可起到增稠的作用,但会对花色苷稳定性造成影响。探讨了不同质量浓度的壳聚糖对模型饮料体系中花色苷稳定性的影响,分析了芥子酸的添加对壳聚糖存在时花色苷稳定性的改善作用。利用加速储藏实验和降解动力学方法对不同体系中黑米花色苷稳定性进行分析,并借助分子动力学模拟分析芥子酸改善壳聚糖体系中黑米花色苷稳定性的作用机制。结果表明,在7 d加速储藏实验中,单一的壳聚糖会导致花色苷颜色稳定性降低。芥子酸能显著提高含壳聚糖的模型饮料中黑米花色苷的颜色稳定性和含量保留率。降解动力学分析显示,在壳聚糖质量浓度为5 mg/mL时,加入芥子酸能使壳聚糖实验组花色苷半衰期t 1/2提高2.3倍,并使其降解速率常数K减小0.1523 d^(-1)。分子动力学模拟结果显示,游离芥子酸的存在,能促进更多的花色苷分子靠近壳聚糖-芥子酸复合物,并形成更稳定的结合。在含壳聚糖的模型饮料中加入芥子酸可实现对花色苷的保护作用,希望为酚酸的应用和含功能性壳聚糖的模型饮料的研究优化提供一定的理论依据。

水杨酸(SA)对果实成熟的影响

水杨酸是一种天然抑制剂，对植物有多种多样的作用，新近研究报道，它是乙烯生物合成的一种新的抑制剂。本文用水杨酸处理番茄、苹果、梨等果实，储藏在室温下，不时检查ＳＡ对果实贮存保鲜的影响。其结果表明ＳＡ处理的果实，ＰＧ活性比对照低，而硬度大，抗病力强。番茄，苹果和梨的无病好果率比对照果提高１０％以上。上述结果证明，用ＳＡ处理绿熟番茄及梨和苹果，能有效保存果实新鲜，增强抗病力和延长货架的寿命。

不同浓度水杨酸(SA)浸种对盐旱交叉胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发的影响

以黑果枸杞种子为试材,5种不同浓度SA浸种12 h,将不同浓度NaCl溶液及PEG-6000溶液按不同比例混合模拟20种盐旱交叉胁迫,培养皿滤纸萌发并观测SA处理对盐旱交叉胁迫下黑果枸杞种子萌发指标,分析SA处理对其抗盐旱特性的影响。结果表明:在盐旱交叉胁迫下,随着胁迫强度的增加,黑果枸杞种子的发芽率、发芽势均呈先升后降的趋势,低浓度SA处理组较对照可以提高黑果枸杞种子的发芽率和发芽势,其中S1处理组效果最好;黑果枸杞种子的发芽指数与干旱胁迫程度呈负相关,单一盐胁迫及交叉胁迫下,发芽指数和活力指数先升后降,轻度胁迫和低浓度SA可以在一定程度上提高种子活力;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长先增后减;随着盐胁迫的程度加剧,黑果枸杞幼苗相对根长大幅减少。对不同浓度SA浸种后黑果枸杞耐盐旱性进行综合评价,可以看出,低浓度SA浸种可以提高黑果枸杞种子萌发期的耐盐旱性。说明黑果枸杞种子在萌发期对盐旱胁迫有一定的交叉适应性,且盐旱胁迫下,0.05 mM SA处理增强黑果枸杞种子萌发阶段耐盐旱性效果最佳。

外源SA对白粉桃低温胁迫下花器的生理效应

用0、0.5、1.0、2.05、.0 mmol/L 5种浓度的水杨酸(SA)溶液喷施白粉桃花蕾,然后在3℃下进行低温胁迫处理,研究了SA对桃花抗冷性的影响.结果表明,SA可以增强桃花的抗冷性,其中以1.0 mmol/L处理的效果最好,处理48 h后,MDA、O2-、H2O2含量分别降低了53%4、1.5%、24.59%,且与对照间差异达到极显著水平;而与植物抗性相关的Pro含量在处理48 h后,比对照升高了31.74%,与对照间的差异也达到极显著水平.从试验中还可以看出SOD、POD这2种保护酶的活性受到O2-、H2O2含量的调节,推测这2种酶可能是作为细胞的保护应激物质来增强桃花的抗寒性.

外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗耐热性诱导研究

为探讨外源水杨酸(SA)对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗耐热性的影响,以二年生克瑞森无核葡萄扦插苗为试验材料,对清洗干净的葡萄叶片喷施浓度为150μmol/L的水杨酸(SA)溶液,之后置于45℃高温胁迫10,30,60,120,240,480min,以喷施蒸馏水后置于45℃高温胁迫10,30,60,120,240,480min为对照,研究外源水杨酸对可溶性蛋白含量、蛋白激酶活性、游离脯氨酸含量、电解质渗透率、丙二醛含量生理指标的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下外源水杨酸(SA)增加可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸的含量;外源水杨酸诱导葡萄叶片蛋白激酶活性,促进蛋白磷酸化反应。可溶性蛋白含量变化与蛋白激酶活性的变化具有高度的一致性,即胁迫60min时可溶性蛋白含量增加到最大,蛋白激酶活性也同时增高到最大值;随着胁迫时间的延长(>60min),外源水杨酸显著降低丙二醛的含量和相对电导率。外源水杨酸随着高温胁迫时间的延长(>60min)可以显著增加葡萄幼苗叶片内可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量,降低丙二醛含量和电解质渗透率,显著降低细胞膜质过氧化伤害;增强蛋白激酶活性,促进蛋白磷酸化的反应,提高葡萄的耐热性。

外源SA、GSH对Cd胁迫下绵毛水苏生理和生长的影响

为探究不同外源物质对Cd胁迫下绵毛水苏生理和生长的缓解效果,采用盆栽试验研究叶面喷施不同浓度水杨酸(SA)(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol·L^(-1))和谷胱甘肽(GSH)(0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mmol·L^(-1))对300 mg·kg^(-1)Cd胁迫下绵毛水苏幼苗生长、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性以及Cd含量等的影响。结果表明,外源SA和GSH改善了植物的叶色,提高了叶面积和萌蘖能力,并增加了地下、地上部干物质积累量。除0.4 mmol·L^(-1)GSH处理第3天外,外源SA和GSH处理均提高了可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸等渗透调节物质的含量,最高增幅分别为16.06%、14.13%、311.39%(SA)和50.28%、12.77%、313.77%(GSH);此外,SA和GSH分别使抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性最高增幅依次达57.39%、38.51%、26.81%和85.00%、60.77%、50.21%。绵毛水苏吸收的Cd主要累积在根部,外源SA对Cd吸收无明显影响,而GSH抑制了Cd向地上部的转运。综上可知,SA和GSH对Cd胁迫下的绵毛水苏均具有缓解作用,以1.5 mmol·L^(-1)SA和0.3~0.4 mmol·L^(-1)GSH效果较佳。本研究结果对绵毛水苏应用于Cd污染土壤植物修复具有重要意义。

SA对高温胁迫下葡萄幼苗AsA-GSH循环的影响

本试验以二年生克瑞森无核葡萄为材料,探讨了外源SA对高温胁迫下葡萄体内ASA-GSH循环代谢的影响及其在抗高温胁迫中的作用。试验结果表明,与对照相比,外源SA可以促进高温胁迫下葡萄叶片内ASA和GSH含量的积累量,降低GSSG的含量。长时间(>240min)的高温胁迫下,外源SA可以降低脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)的含量;能够维持较高的As A-GSH循环系统中APX、DHAR、MDHAR、GR活性。外源SA促进了高温胁迫下葡萄ASA-GSH循环的快速而有效的运转,降低了高温胁迫对葡萄植株的氧化伤害,从而缓解了高温胁迫对葡萄幼苗的伤害作用。

SA浸种对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以小麦盐敏感品种鲁麦15为材料,研究了外源水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)浸种对100 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。研究结果表明:盐胁迫下,无论经SA浸种还是未经SA浸种,小麦幼苗的生长均受到明显抑制,干、鲜重显著下降;0.1 mmol/L、0.2 mmol/L和0.3 mmol/L SA溶液浸种均能显著缓解NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制,其中以0.2 mmol/L SA溶液浸种预处理效果最好。实验中,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种可显著提高盐胁迫下小麦种子β-淀粉酶的活性和吸胀速率。此外,与未经SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗相比,0.2 mmol/L SA浸种的盐胁迫小麦幼苗整株的干、鲜重显著增加,幼苗体内Na^+含量降低,K^+含量和K^+/Na^+比值显著提高;同时,小麦幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性升高,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著降低。由此可以得出,SA浸种能有效提高盐胁迫下小麦幼苗体内K^+/Na^+比值,提高SOD、CAT和POD的活性,减轻膜脂过氧化程度,以缓解盐胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用,从而提高耐盐性。

水杨酸引发提高低温下水稻种子萌发活力的生理与分子效应

【目的】研究水杨酸(SA)引发对低温下水稻种子萌发活力的影响及生理响应,揭示SA引发对脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)代谢途径相关基因以及细胞壁松弛基因的诱导模式,为水稻种子低温萌发研究提供理论依据。【方法】以籼型三系杂交水稻泰丰优208种子为材料,通过种子引发处理,分析SA对种子低温萌发活力及生理的影响,并通过qRT-PCR技术分析ABA、GA和扩展蛋白基因响应SA引发的表达模式。【结果】低温(15℃)显著推迟水稻种子萌发进程。在低温下萌发1 d种子中,其内源SA浓度是常温(28℃)下的1.7倍;但对于5 d的幼苗而言,低温下的SA浓度仅为常温下浓度的0.6%。SA引发可有效提高种子在低温下的萌发活力,尤其以2000μmol·L^(-1)SA效果最为显著,该浓度显著提高了低温下种子的发芽指数、活力指数、芽长、根长、鲜重和干重,其中活力指数分别为未引发种子(CK1)和水引发种子(CK2)的3和2倍。在生理指标方面,SA引发提高了低温萌发过程中种子的可溶性糖、脯氨酸以及活性氧含量,增加了总淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量。与CK1相比,2000μmol·L^(-1)SA引发将种子ABA含量降低了79%,同时将IAA和GA1含量增加了32.2%和2.66倍。在基因表达方面,对于2000μmol·L^(-1)SA引发的种子,ABA合成基因OsNCED2和OsNCED3的表达量分别比CK1降低了94.26%和90.24%;而ABA分解基因OsABA8’ox2和OsABA8’ox3的表达量分别为CK1的5.9和3.9倍。与CK1相比,SA引发显著上调了GA合成基因OsCPS1、OsKAO和OsGA20ox1的表达量,并显著下调GA分解基因OsGA2ox2和OsGA2ox6的表达量。在几个候选的细胞壁松弛因子扩展蛋白基因中,除了OsEXPB11外,其余几个同源基因均在一定程度上被引发而上调表达。与CK1相比,2000μmol·L^(-1)SA引发分别使OsEXPA2、OsEXPB4和OsEXPB6的表达量上调12.2、5.9和6.1倍。【结论】SA引发可显著缓解低温对于水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。可能是由于SA提高SOD、CAT等抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA的产生,增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸的含量,进而增强种子和幼苗对于低温的耐受能力。另一方面,SA引发通过降低种子内源ABA含量,增加GA1含量,增强总淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶活性,促进细胞壁松弛相关基因的表达,从而促进低温下的种子萌发和幼苗生长。

乳腺癌患者手术前后血清CA15-3、SA和SIL-2R检测的临床意义

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者手术前后血清CA15-3、SA和SIL-2R水平的变化及临床意义。方法:应用放射免疫分析、分光光度法和酶联法对31例乳腺癌患者进行手术前后血清CA15-3、SA和SIL-2R检测,并与35例正常人作比较。结果:乳腺癌患者在手术前血清CA15-3、SA和SIL-2R水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01),手术3个月后则与正常人组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:乳腺癌患者血清CA15-3、SA和SIL-2R含量的变化与疾病的发生和发展密切相关。

血清SA、Fuc、APP测定对AFP(-)HCC的诊断价值

本文对31例血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)阳性原发性肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)、33例AFP(—)HCC、35例肝硬化和58例正常献血清唾液酸(SA)、岩藻糖(Fuc)及五种急性期蛋白(APP)[a_1-酸性糖蛋白(a_1-AG)、结合珠蛋白(HP)、a_1-抗胰蛋白酶(a_1-AT)、前白蛋白(PA)和转铁蛋白(TF)]同时进行测定.结果表明AFP(—)肝癌组患者血清SA、Fuc、a_1-AG、HP及a_1-AT均显著高于对照组,其中,Fuc、a_1-AG与HP又比AFP(+)肝癌组为高.因此可将上述五项指标视为AFP(—)肝癌患者血清肿瘤标志物.此外,还发现肝癌患者血清两种结合蛋白的糖类含量高与血清a_1-AG。

卵巢癌患者血清Hcy、HE4和SA联检的临床意义

目的:探讨了卵巢癌患者血清Hcy、HE4和SA联检的变化及临床意义。方法:应用酶联法和生化法对33例卵巢癌患者进行了血清Hcy、HE4和SA的检测,并与35例正常健康人作比较。结果:卵巢癌患者血清Hcy、HE4和SA水平均非常显著地高于正常人组(P<0.01)。且血清Hcy水平与HE4、SA水平呈正相关(r=0.6128、0.5942,P<0.01)。结论:检测卵巢癌患者血清Hcy、HE4和SA水平的变化,提示该类生物标志物的变化,有助于对疾病早期诊断和适宜的预后。