中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)血细胞生成的初步研究

为了揭示失血和LPS刺激后中华绒螯蟹血细胞的生成及成熟过程,利用流式细胞技术将中华绒螯蟹造血组织细胞和血细胞按大小进行分类,利用EdU标记检测失血刺激后中华绒螯蟹造血组织细胞的增殖情况,分析失血和LPS刺激后中华绒螯蟹不同类型血细胞比例的变化.结果显示:中华绒螯蟹造血组织细胞分布于106~384μm^(2)之间,而血细胞分布在119~434μm^(2)之间,其中,透明细胞和小颗粒细胞主要分布在200~300μm^(2)之间,中颗粒和大颗粒细胞主要分布在300~400μm^(2)之间,随着血细胞颗粒性的增加,细胞逐渐增大.在失血刺激6、12和24 h时,中华绒螯蟹造血组织细胞增殖加速,说明失血刺激可以促进造血组织细胞增殖以加速新血细胞的生成.失血刺激2 h后透明细胞比例显著降低,至12 h时,各类细胞基本恢复至正常水平.LPS刺激1、3、6和9 h后,透明细胞比例呈现先降低后升高再降低的变化,而小、中和大颗粒细胞比例变化与透明细胞比例变化趋势相反,LPS刺激24 h和48 h后,透明细胞比例显著升高,大颗粒细胞比例显著降低.由此可知,失血和LPS刺激引起了中华绒螯蟹机体不同细胞的免疫反应,可能通过不同方式影响血细胞的生成、分化和成熟.

Identification of the lysine and histidine transporter family in Camellia sinensis and the characterizations in nitrogen utilization

In plants,the lysine and histidine transporter(LHT)family represent a class of proteins that mediate the uptake,translocation,and utilization of amino acids.The tea plant(Camellia sinensis)is a perennial evergreen with a relatively high level of amino acids.However,systematic identification and molecular characterization of the LHT gene family has rarely been reported in tea plants.In this study,22 CsLHTs were identified from the‘Shuchazao’genome and classified into two groups.The modeled three-dimensional structure and the conserved domains presented a high similarity among the LHTs proteins.Moreover,it was predicted that a few genes were conserved through the analysis of the physiochemical characters,structures and cis-elements in promoters.The expression patterns in tea plants revealed that CsLHT7 was mainly expressed in the roots,and CsLHT4 and CsLHT11 exhibited relatively high expression in both the roots and leaves.Moreover,the expression of all three genes could be induced by organic nitrogen.Additionally,heterogeneous expression of CsLHT4,CsLHT7 and CsLHT11 in Arabidopsis thaliana decreased the aerial parts biomass compared with that in WT plants while significantly increased the rosette biomass only for CsLHT11transgenic plants versus WT plants.Overall,our results provide fundamental information about CsLHTs and potential genes in N utilization for further analysis in tea plants.

中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)白细胞介素8基因的克隆及免疫应答表达分析

由细菌等感染引起的疾病对中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)养殖业的可持续发展造成严重威胁。白细胞介素8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)在调节炎症反应和抗感染免疫方面扮演着重要的作用。利用PCR扩增和克隆测序获得了中华乌塘鳢IL-8(命名为BsIL-8)cDNA序列。BsIL-8 cDNA序列全长1244 bp,包含576 bp的5’端非编码区序列(5’-UTR),312 bp的开放阅读框序列(ORF)和356 bp的3’端非编码区序列(3’-UTR)。BsIL-8共编码103个氨基酸,包含1个由18个氨基酸组成的信号肽和1个由62个氨基酸组成的SCY结构域。其中,SCY结构域包含1个CXC基序(Cys^(30)-Arg^(31)-Cys^(32))以及4个保守的半胱氨酸残基(Cys^(30)、Cys^(32)、Cys^(57)和Cys^(73))。序列分析结果表明,BsIL-8与大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)的IL-8序列相似性和一致性最高(分别为92.4%和86.4%)。基因组织表达分布结果显示,BsIL-8基因在主要组织器官中呈泛在性表达,头肾BsIL-8基础表达量最高,肝脏次之,外周血最低。Poly(I:C)免疫刺激后,BsIL-8在4个重要免疫器官(脾脏、肝脏、头肾和外周血)中的表达量均发生了显著的上调(分别在刺激后3、12、24和24 h时表达量达到最高,P<0.01)。副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)感染后,BsIL-8基因在脾脏和外周血中的表达量均显著上调(均在感染后12 h时表达量达到最高,P<0.01),而在肝脏和头肾中的表达量均显著下调(均在感染后12 h时表达量达到最低,P<0.01)。综上所述,BsIL-8基因参与了中华乌塘鳢抗感染免疫应答过程。

Molecular cloning and functional analysis of two calcium associated cuticular protein genes in Neocaridina denticulata sinensis

The body surface of crustaceans is covered with a sturdy shell.The growth and development of crustaceans are realized through molting.Neocaridina denticulata sinensis is a suitable candidate for crustacean scientific research.Two calcium-associated cuticular protein genes,named NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2,were obtained from N.denticulata sinensis.Molecular docking simulated the binding effect of both proteins and calcium ions.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR results show that NdCAP-1 is expressed in D_(2-4) stage,NdCAP-2 expressed in D_(2-4) and A-B stages,and both were significantly expressed in the cephalothorax cuticle and pereiopods.Then,it was revealed that NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 are regulated by NdEcR-mediated 20 E signaling pathways.Knockdown of NdCAP-1 and NdCAP-2 was observed to cause surface defects.The recombinant proteins(rNdCAP-1 and rNdCAP-2),obtained by prokaryotic expression,had calcium-binding and chitin-binding ability,inhibited formation of calcium carbonate precipitate.These results show that calcium-associated cuticular proteins play important roles in cuticle formation and calcification.

Ankylosing spondylitis coexisting with Clonorchis sinensis infection: A case report

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease.The prevailing theory links AS onset to infections in susceptible individuals.Furthermore,infections may impair the immune responses.Numerous studies have investigated links between AS and various infections-bacterial,viral,fungal,and other microorganism infections.However,limited attention has been given to the association between AS and Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old male with a 10-yr history of AS presented to our hospital with inflammatory lower back pain as the primary manifestation.Ten years ago,the patient had achieved a stable condition after treatment with biological agents.However,he experienced a recurrence of lumbosacral pain with an unexplained cause 10 d before hospital admission.A lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan revealed bone marrow edema in the left sacroiliac joint,and laboratory indicators were elevated.Moreover,the presence of C.sinensis eggs was detected in the stool.The patient was prescribed praziquantel,resulting in the disap-pearance of C.sinensis eggs in subsequent routine stool tests and relief from lumbosacral pain.A follow-up MRI scan performed after 4 months revealed a reduction in bone marrow edema around the left sacroiliac joint.CONCLUSION C.sinensis infections could potentially trigger the exacerbation of AS.Clinicians should pay attention to investigating the presence of infections.INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory and rheumatic disease resulting from an imbalance between innate and acquired immune responses[1].While it can affect any part of the spine,its primary symptoms are persistent back pain and stiffness in the lower back and pelvis.The prevalence of AS per 10000 individuals is 23.8 in Europe,31.9 in North America,16.7 in Asia,10.2 in Latin America,and 7.4 in Africa[2].Infections commonly occur in the first 3 months and may act as potential triggers for the first symptoms of AS,often manifesting as gastrointestinal,urinary tract,and respiratory infections of microbiological origin[3,4].Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection is a severe parasitic disease affecting millions globally,especially prevalent in China,South Korea,the Far East of Russia,and Vietnam,with an estimated 15 million cases[5].Transmission occurs through the consumption of undercooked freshwater fish containing metacercariae.Adult C.sinensis parasites then establish themselves within the human hepatobiliary system[6].C.sinensis infection triggers the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2,leading to the injury and fibrosis of the hepatobiliary[7].Recent research in a rat model found that C.sinensis infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating hepatic progenitor cell proliferation[8].Complications of C.sinensis infection include cholestasis,cholangitis,biliary system fibrosis,and in severe cases,the development of cholangiocarcinoma[9].Consequently,the primary preventive measure is to abstain from consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish.Praziquantel is the recommended and effective treatment for this infection[10].While there is existing literature on the coexistence of AS and parasitic infections,there is limited research specifically addressing the simultaneous presence of AS and C.sinensis infection.This case report details a rare scenario of AS coexisting with C.sinensis infection,underscoring the potential impact of C.sinensis infection on AS disease activity.

Genome-Wide Identification of ABCC Gene Subfamily Members and Functional Analysis of CsABCC11 in Camellia sinensis

The ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporter is a gene superfamily in plants.ATP-binding cassette subfamily C(ABCC)protein is a multidrug resistance-associated(MRP)transporter.They play various roles in plant growth,development,and secondary metabolite transport.However,there are few studies on ABCC transporters in tea plants.In this study,genome-wide association study(GWAS)analysis of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)content in 108 strains of Kingbird revealed that CsABCCs may be involved in EGCG transport.We identified 25 CsABCC genes at the genomic level of the tea plant,their phylogenetic tree,gene structure,targeted miRNA and other bioinformatics were analyzed.The expression patterns of CsABCCs in eight different tissues and abiotic stress indicate that they have potential roles in regulating the growth,development,and defense of tea plants.The correlation analysis revealed that the expression of the CsABCC11 gene was closely related to the EGCG content in tea buds of 108 strains of the Kingbird,and the subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that CsABCC11 protein was localized on the plasma membrane.The virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)strategy in tea plants further verified that CsABCC11 was involved in EGCG accumulation.Our study laid a foundation for studying the biological function of CsABCC and provided a new candidate molecular marker gene for further EGCG-related variety breeding,which will be of great interest to breeders.

Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)

Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.

基于金观音(Camellia sinensis)单体型基因组CsUGT等位基因的鉴定及表达

【目的】植物的尿苷二磷酸糖基转移酶(UGT)是催化次生代谢物糖基化的关键酶,UGT基因主要参与植物逆境胁迫的响应。对CsUGT等位基因进行鉴定与表达分析,为其在茶树抗性及乌龙茶加工中香气形成的作用提供理论参考。【方法】基于金观音(Camellia sinensis‘Jinguanyin’)单体型基因组,利用生物信息学方法分析,并通过实时荧光定量PCR技术分析CsUGT基因在低温(4℃)、干旱(10%PEG-6000溶液)和激素(100μmol·L^(−1)MeJA溶液)处理下0、3、6、12和24 h的表达,以及CsUGT基因在金观音乌龙茶加工过程中鲜叶、萎凋、一摇、二摇、三摇和杀青前的表达。【结果】生物信息学分析结果表明,从金观音单体型基因组中鉴定出了142对等位基因,多数定位于叶绿体中,并基于进化树将这些基因分为5个亚家族。CsUGT等位基因的结构较保守,相同基因的亲本等位基因的结构相似。转录组数据分析表明,发现多数CsUGT等位基因具有组织表达特性。实时荧光定量PCR检测发现,在MeJA处理下,CsUGT002、CsUGT047和CsUGT091的表达量在6 h达到峰值;在低温和干旱处理下,部分CsUGT基因的表达量分别在3或24 h时达到峰值。此外,在金观音乌龙茶加工过程中,CsUGT115的表达量显著上调,部分CsUGT基因在三摇时的表达量达到峰值。【结论】CsUGT蛋白多数为酸性和亲水性蛋白,并定位于叶绿体中;CsUGT等位基因结构较保守具有组织表达特性,部分CsUGT基因参与调控茶树的逆境胁迫及乌龙茶加工工艺中摇青时的香气合成。

Analysis of NPK in Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata Biomasses for Preparation of an Organic Fertilizers Formula for Young Tea Plants (Musa acuminata) and Studying of Their Nutrient Release Capacity in the Biodegradation Process

This study investigates the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K) contents in raw biomasses of Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, and Musa acuminata. Therein, the highest N and P content was seen in Camellia sinensis 116.80 ± 0.08 mg and 66.00 ± 0.14 mg respectively. The highest K content (106.80 ± 0.04 mg) was observed in Musa acuminata. Next, all three types of plant materials were allowed to decompose in water for 3 weeks, and a sample from each was analyzed for NPK after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week during decomposition. A significant increase in the release of N, P, and K by the Camellia sinensis to water (P Musa acuminate were not significantly changed (P > 0.05) over time. The ratio for N:P:K was calculated for raw biomass samples and decomposed samples to find the best fitting N:P:K ratio to apply to young tea plants as organic fertilizers. In addition to that, the microbial insight of these organic compounds was analyzed by observing how microbial population increased with decomposition by the enumeration of the total microbial count. A considerable increment in total microbial count was observed up to 3.28 × 106, 1.21 × 1010, 2.18 × 108, and 6.49 × 107 CFU/ml for Camellia sinensis, Gliricidia sepium, Musa accuminata (leaves), and Musa accuminata (trunk) respectively. The presence of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and nitrogen solubilizing bacteria (NSB) throughout the decomposition period was confirmed by their growth on NBRIP and a modified nutrient medium that was specifically designed for the identification of ammonifiers respectively. Prepared fertilizer samples were applied to young tea plants that were grown in the Mawanella area in Sri Lanka (7°15'12.42"N 80°26'47.62"E) and according to the results, it is clear that fertilizer mixture 1 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana trunk) and fertilizer mixture 2 (N:P:K, 10:5:10, tea dust + Gliricidia + banana leaves) has the potential to increase the growth of young tea plants.

蝙蝠蛾被毛孢(Hirsutella sinensis)菌丝体发酵液免疫活性的研究

对蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝体发酵液(HSFL)制剂进行体内和体外免疫活性研究。结果表明:该制剂在体外对Con A诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化能力显著增加,并且在体外显著提高了小鼠脾脏中NK细胞的活性;在体内实验中,该制剂可以显著改善DNFB诱发的小鼠迟发型变态反应;显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力。蝙蝠蛾被毛孢菌丝体发酵液制剂具有调节免疫的生物活性。

镉对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)抗氧化酶活性的影响

将中华绒螯蟹(河蟹Eriocheir sinensis)浸泡在2.0mg/L氯化镉(CdCl_2)溶液中,分别于第0、6、12、24、48、72、96小时提取河蟹的肝胰腺,测定抗氧化酶:超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GPx)的活性,探讨了镉(Cd^(2+))对河蟹肝胰腺抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,在低浓度Cd^(2+)环境下,河蟹肝胰腺的抗氧化酶活性随时间发生规律性变化。暴露于Cd^(2+)后,河蟹肝胰脏SOD活性降低,随时间的延长,在暴露72h后,SOD活性恢复并超过未染毒时22.3％。表明Cd^(2+)中毒导致细胞内氧自由基大量积累从而诱导酶活性升高;CAT活性先下降后增高,随后减少,最后以低于对照的水平趋于平衡;肝胰腺中GPx酶活性的变化规律与SOD相似,在解除氧自由基毒性方面有一定的协调性。实验表明河蟹抗氧化系统酶对Cd^(2+)很敏感。而酶活性在短时间内的变化规律可以为镉对河蟹早期的毒性研究提供参考。

蒲公英、忍冬藤抗菌活性组分及配伍研究

为了探寻蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分及其配伍活性,试验以蒲公英和忍冬藤为研究对象,通过70%乙醇提取、大孔树脂D101柱层析和抗菌活性跟踪相结合的方式优选各自的高效抗菌活性组分,并对这些组分进行总黄酮、有机酸和多酚含量分析和活性配伍研究。结果表明蒲公英和忍冬藤的高效抗菌活性组分分离工艺为:先用70%乙醇回流提取,浓缩后用大孔树脂D101柱层析,70%或50%乙醇洗脱部位即为它们的高效抗菌活性组分。这些组分对9种供试病原菌都具有较强的广谱抗菌性,蒲公英的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)分别约为1.95 mg/mL和15.63 mg/mL,忍冬藤的MIC和MBC分别约为1.95 mg/mL和31.25 mg/mL。且含量分析显示,蒲公英高效抗菌活性组分黄酮和多酚含量相对较高,忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分多酚含量相对较高。配伍研究发现,当蒲公英高效抗菌活性部位与少量忍冬藤水洗脱部位(16∶1~4∶1)或其高效抗菌部位(16∶1~1∶1)配伍使用时,对部分供试菌的抗菌活性存在一定的相加作用。说明所得的蒲公英和忍冬藤高效抗菌活性组分提取分离工艺简单、易得,广谱抗菌作用强,合适的配伍使用可以实现更好的抗菌作用。

盐度突变对青蛤(Cyclinasinensis)鳃Na^+/K^+-ATPase活性的影响

研究了盐度23下青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)鳃、斧足、外套膜和内脏团中Na+/K+-ATPase的活性差异,并以活性高的鳃组织为对象,对青蛤实施了低盐(23→16)和高盐(23→36)突变的胁迫,监测了鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase活性的动态变化。结果表明,盐度23下青蛤鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase的活性显著高于其他组织;在盐度突降胁迫下,鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase的活性于前16 d逐渐升高,第17d起显著升高(p<0.05),第18 d达到峰值,于第20 d回落,但仍高于起始水平;在盐度骤升胁迫下,鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase的活性于前13d逐渐降低,第14 d起显著降低(p<0.05),于第15 d达到最低值,继而回升至平稳水平,但仍低于起始水平。青蛤不同盐度胁迫下其鳃组织中Na+/K+-ATPase活性的响应方式不同,低盐时活性增加,而高盐时活性下降;此外,青蛤在盐度胁迫下对自身渗透压的调节则需较长时间。

鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)侵染对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)磷酸酶活性的影响

对500个成体青蛤分别用鳗弧菌和生理盐水注射,在感染后3h、6h、12h、24h和36h分别取不同处理组的肝胰脏、鳃和闭壳肌组织,测定上述样品的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性,分析鳗弧菌对青蛤体内免疫相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,鳗弧菌感染组的ALP与ACP活性从高到低依次为肝胰脏>鳃>闭壳肌,其中青蛤肝胰脏和鳃组织中ALP和ACP活性均有显著升高的趋势,并且在12h时达到最高,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),随后呈现下降趋势。而青蛤闭壳肌组织中侵染组ALP和ACP活性与对照组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。鳗弧菌对青蛤的磷酸酶活性影响较大,对其免疫防御系统有明显的刺激作用。

香菜多糖的抗氧化及降血糖活性研究

本研究以香菜为原料,探究其多糖的抗氧化活性和降血糖活性。通过测定香菜多糖对DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力和总还原能力评价其抗氧化活性,并通过检测香菜多糖对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果研究其降血糖能力。结果表明:随着香菜多糖提取物浓度的增加,其总还原能力以及对自由基清除率提高,当质量浓度为2 mg/mL时,其对DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除率分别为61.32%和70.76%,表明其具有较好的抗氧化活性;此外,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率亦随其浓度增加而增大,当香菜多糖浓度为6 mg/mL时,其对这两种酶抑制率分别可达49.01%和64.76%,表明其具有一定的降血糖活性。因此,香菜多糖可作为一种新的天然抗氧化剂和降糖物质,这将为香菜在食品、药品和保健品等方面的开发利用提供理论依据。

牛蒡不同部位活性成分提取及其药理活性研究进展

牛蒡(Arctium lappa)属桔梗目菊科二年生草本植物,在我国种植面较广,大多分布于江苏和山东,是一种传统的药食两用植物资源。牛蒡不同部位所含的化学成分不同,有木脂素类、有机酸类、黄酮类、甾体类、苷类以及萜类等,在抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖、保护心血管疾病及抗菌、抗病毒等方面发挥着重要的作用。本文通过归纳总结近年以来国内外学者对牛蒡不同部位的活性成分提取及药理活性等方面的最新研究成果,以便于对牛蒡进一步的研究开发提供理论依据。

维生素E对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)酚氧化酶、抗菌力和溶菌酶活性的影响

在以鱼粉、豆粕、玉米粉和麦麸为主要原料配制而成的每kg基础饲料中分别添加VE0、100、200、400、600mg配制成五种试验饲料,对均重为(37.52±2.19)g的中华绒螯蟹进行为期60天的饲养试验,以酚氧化酶(PO)、抗菌力(Ua)、溶菌酶活性(UL)等指标为依据,探讨VE对中华绒螯蟹非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明,VE对中华绒螯蟹各组织、器官中PO、Ua、UL等活性有显著或极显著的影响(P<0.05或P<0.01),在适宜范围内,随着VE添加量的增加,PO、Ua和UL活性显著增强,从而增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫力。综上所述,VE作为免疫刺激剂能有效地增强中华绒螯蟹的非特异性免疫能力,增强中华绒螯蟹免疫功能的VE适宜添加量为200—400mg/kg饲料。

黄芪活性成分生理功能及在食品中的应用研究进展

黄芪作为最为常用的中药材,含有多种活性成分,其中最主要的有黄芪甲苷、黄芪黄酮和黄芪多糖。这些成分赋予黄芪提高机体免疫力、抗疲劳、消炎、保护心脑血管、保护内脏组织、抗癌抗肿瘤等多种药理作用,文章从黄芪活性成分的生理功能及在食品中的应用研究进展等方面进行综述,以期为黄芪及其活性成分在食品工业中的进一步开发应用提供理论参考。

不同有机肥配施土壤调理剂对黄瓜连作土壤碳氮及酶活性的影响

针对设施农业黄瓜连作障碍问题,2020-2023年,通过田间定位试验,设置单施化肥(CK)、化肥减量20%+生物有机肥(SB)、化肥减量20%+微生物菌肥、化肥减量40%+生物有机肥+土壤调理剂、化肥减量40%+微生物菌肥+土壤调理剂(SMC)5个处理,研究化肥减量配施生物有机肥/微生物菌肥和土壤调理剂对土壤理化性质、物理结构以及酶活性的改良效果,结合典型相关分析以及冗余分析结果,探讨不同施肥处理条件下土壤酶活性与土壤碳氮及物理结构之间的关系。结果表明,与单施化肥相比,化肥减量配施生物有机肥/微生物菌肥或增施土壤调理剂均能够提高土壤碳氮、速效养分含量、pH值、酶活性以及土壤总孔隙度,降低土壤容重。而与化肥减量配施生物有机肥/微生物菌肥不施土壤调理剂处理相比,增施土壤调理剂能够显著提高土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮以及微生物量碳含量,明显提高土壤酶活性以及土壤总孔隙度,降低土壤容重。相关分析结果表明,土壤酶活性变化与土壤碳氮变化之间密切相关,但不同酶活性变化与碳氮指标间的关系有强有弱。冗余分析结果表明,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶以及蔗糖酶与土壤空隙度呈正相关关系,与土壤容重呈负相关关系,且空间分散处理点说明土壤酶活性对不同施肥措施条件产生不同的响应。由此可知,化肥减量配施生物有机肥/微生物菌肥和土壤调理剂能够提高土壤肥力以及酶活性,改善土壤结构。

壳聚糖处理对节瓜室温贮藏品质及酶活性的影响

以节瓜为试材,采用不同浓度(0.5%、1.0%和1.5%)壳聚糖涂膜处理节瓜3 min,以不作任何处理为对照,每隔15 d测定节瓜室温贮藏期间感官评价、失重率、维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、丙二醛含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的变化,研究了壳聚糖处理对节瓜室温贮藏期间品质及酶活性的影响,以期为节瓜室温贮藏提供参考依据。结果表明:与对照相比,不同浓度壳聚糖处理均能延缓节瓜品质的下降。其中,1.0%壳聚糖处理能显著减少失重率,抑制维生素C、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质下降,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和PPO活性,提高POD、CAT活性。综上,壳聚糖处理能维持节瓜室温贮藏期间品质,延长节瓜室温贮藏时间,以1.0%壳聚糖处理效果最佳。