A Hybrid Optimization Approach of Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming of AISI 316L Stainless Steel Using Grey Relation Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysiss

We investigated the parametric optimization on incremental sheet forming of stainless steel using Grey Relational Analysis(GRA) coupled with Principal Component Analysis(PCA). AISI 316L stainless steel sheets were used to develop double wall angle pyramid with aid of tungsten carbide tool. GRA coupled with PCA was used to plan the experiment conditions. Control factors such as Tool Diameter(TD), Step Depth(SD), Bottom Wall Angle(BWA), Feed Rate(FR) and Spindle Speed(SS) on Top Wall Angle(TWA) and Top Wall Angle Surface Roughness(TWASR) have been studied. Wall angle increases with increasing tool diameter due to large contact area between tool and workpiece. As the step depth, feed rate and spindle speed increase,TWASR decreases with increasing tool diameter. As the step depth increasing, the hydrostatic stress is raised causing severe cracks in the deformed surface. Hence it was concluded that the proposed hybrid method was suitable for optimizing the factors and response.

Single channel signal component separation using Bayesian estimation

A Bayesian estimation method to separate multicomponent signals with single channel observation is presented in this paper. By using the basis function projection, the component separation becomes a problem of limited parameter estimation. Then, a Bayesian model for estimating parameters is set up. The reversible jump MCMC （Monte Carlo Markov Chain） algorithmis adopted to perform the Bayesian computation. The method can jointly estimate the parameters of each component and the component number. Simulation results demonstrate that the method has low SNR threshold and better performance.

Experimental study of intruder components in light neutron-rich nuclei via single-nucleon transfer reaction

With the development of radioactive beam facilities,studies concerning the shell evolution of unstable nuclei have recently gained prominence.Intruder components,particularly s-wave intrusion,in the low-lying states of light neutron-rich nuclei near N=8 are of importance in the study of shell evolution.The use of single-nucleon transfer reactions in inverse kinematics has been a sensitive tool that can be used to quantitatively investigate the single-particle orbital component of selectively populated states.The spin-parity,spectroscopic factor(or single-particle strength),and effective singleparticle energy can all be extracted from such reactions.These observables are often useful to explain the nature of shell evolution,and to constrain,check,and test the parameters used in nuclear structure models.In this article,the experimental studies of the intruder components in lowlying states of neutron-rich nuclei of He,Li,Be,B,and C isotopes using various single-nucleon transfer reactions are reviewed.The focus is laid on the precise determination of the intruder s-wave strength in low-lying states.

Towards Single-component Molecular Conductor[Ni(dmit)2]by Charge Disproportionation:2[Ni(dmit)2]^0.5→[Ni(dmit)2]+[Ni(dmit)2]^-

A new method of synthesizing single-component molecular conductor [Ni(dmit)2] by the reaction 2(Me4N)[Ni(dmit)2]2 [Ni(dmit)2] + (Me4N)[Ni(dmit)2] is reported. [Ni(dmit)2] exhibits a semiconductive behavior above 167 K, while from 167 K down to the measuring limit of 60 K, it exhibits metallic conductivity.

Sequential Extraction of Natural Surface Coatings: Comparison with Single Stage Extraction and Its Application in Investigating Adsorption Characteristics of Surface Coating Components for Metals

Multistage sequential extraction with different sequences was applied to extracting natural surface coa tings（NSCs）, and the results were compared with those by single stage extraction technique. The optimal sequential extraction scheme with the best performance was selected and incorporated into the method of selective extraction followed by adsorption and statistic analyses to study the adsorption parameters of Fe oxides, Mn oxides and organic matters in NSCs for Pb and Cd, to validate the applicability of the sequential extraction scheme. The Langmuir ad sorption parameters of each component of surface coating estimated according to the adsorption data of single stage extraction of NSCs were all similar to those of sequential extraction of NSCs, and the maximum difference between the metal adsorption abilities of the components estimated via the two extraction techniques was only about 20%, in dicating that either extraction techniques could be used. The optimal sequential extraction scheme obtained was first extracted with NH2OH·HCl, then with Na2S2O4, and finally with oxalic acid.

Algorithm of the Simulation Type Expert System for Accelerator Single-Freedom Nonlinear Components

For accelerator single-freedom nonlinear components,a general mathematicalmodel with its solution algorithm is developed,based on which a simulation type expertsystem can be built on IBM PC,automatically yielding any order approximate analyti-cal solutions.

Expert System for the Transport Operator of Accelerator Single-Freedom Nonlinear Components

An expert system by Arity Prolog is developed for the transport operator of accelera-tor single-freedom nonlinear components. It automatically yields any order transport operatorand its inverse transport operator for various accelerator single-freedom nonlinear components.As an example, the fifth order inverse transport operator derived by the expert system is given.

Transport Operator of Accelerator Single-Freedom Nonlinear Components

For accelerator single-freedom nonlinear components,the general theory of nonlinear transportis developed,and the algorithm for the inverse transport operator is given,based on which an expert sys-tem can be built to automatically yield any order transport operator and its inverse transport operator forvarious accelerator single-freedom nonlinear components.

Expert System for Accelerator Single-Freedom Nonlinear Components

An expert system by Arity Prolog is developed for accelerator single-freedomnonlinear components.It automatically yields any order approximate analytical solu-tions for various accelerator single-freedom nonlinear components.As an example,theeighth order approximate analytical solution is derived by this expert system for a gen-eral accelerator single-freedom nonlinear component,showing that the design of the ex-pert system is successful.

Progress and prediction of multicomponent quantification in complex systems with practical LC-UV methods

Complex systems exist widely,including medicines from natural products,functional foods,and biological samples.The biological activity of complex systems is often the result of the synergistic effect of multiple components.In the quality evaluation of complex samples,multicomponent quantitative analysis(MCQA)is usually needed.To overcome the difficulty in obtaining standard products,scholars have proposed achieving MCQA through the“single standard to determine multiple components(SSDMC)”approach.This method has been used in the determination of multicomponent content in natural source drugs and the analysis of impurities in chemical drugs and has been included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Depending on a convenient(ultra)high-performance liquid chromatography method,how can the repeatability and robustness of the MCQA method be improved?How can the chromatography conditions be optimized to improve the number of quantitative components?How can computer software technology be introduced to improve the efficiency of multicomponent analysis(MCA)?These are the key problems that remain to be solved in practical MCQA.First,this review article summarizes the calculation methods of relative correction factors in the SSDMC approach in the past five years,as well as the method robustness and accuracy evaluation.Second,it also summarizes methods to improve peak capacity and quantitative accuracy in MCA,including column selection and twodimensional chromatographic analysis technology.Finally,computer software technologies for predicting chromatographic conditions and analytical parameters are introduced,which provides an idea for intelligent method development in MCA.This paper aims to provide methodological ideas for the improvement of complex system analysis,especially MCQA.

Multicolor Circularly Polarized Luminescence of a Single-Component System Revealing Multiple Information Encryption

Metal-free materials with multicolor tunable circularly polarized luminescence(CPL)are attractive because of their potential applications in information storage and encryption.Here,we designed two enantiomers composed of chiral dialkyl glutamides and achiral vibration-induced emission(VIE)moiety,which can switch on CPL after a simple gelation process.It is noteworthy that the CPL colors vary in different solvents,and this is attributed to various self-assembly-induced microstructures,in which the VIE moiety is restrained to different degrees.Accordingly,a multidimensional code system composed of a quick response code,a ultraviolet(UV)light-activated color code,and a CPL information figure was constructed.To our satisfaction,the system possesses multiple information-storage functions.The orthogonal anticounterfeiting and CPLenhanced encryption functions also improve the system information encryption ability.In brief,this study provides a practical example of CPL applied to information security and an effective approach to obtain a single-component color-tunable CPL material with multiple information storage and encryption functions as well.

Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)co-doped lead-free Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite nanocrystals for single-component cold white emitter

Metal halide perovskites exhibit promising prospect in light-emitting diodes,solar cells,photodetectors and bioimaging.However,the workhorse of metal halide perovskites relies on toxicity lead element,which severely damages human body and environment.Among lead-free perovskites,Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)double perovskite is one of the most promising candidates because of its great stability and easy synthesis,but suffers inadequate optical performance.Here,we doped Sb^(3+)and Sm^(3+)into Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6)nanocrystals by a hot injection method.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sb^(3+)exhibits blue emission at 447 nm.Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals simultaneously generate the blue emission of Sb^(3+)and the multiple emissions of Sm^(3+)at 565,602,650 and 710 nm.With the increase of Sm^(3+)feed ratio,the emission color of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)gradually moves to cold white region at(0.27,0.28)in CIE chromaticity diagram and correlated color temperature of 11840 K.This work shows the potential application of Cs_(2)NaInCl_(6):Sm^(3+),Sb^(3+)nanocrystals as a single-component cold white emitter.

Effect of Limited Single Irrigation on Yield of Winter Wheat and Spring Maize Relay Intercropping

A field experiment was conducted during the 2002/2003 cropping season of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum） and spring maize （Zea mays） to evaluate the effect of limited single drip irrigation on the yield and water use of both crops under relay intercropping in a semi-arid area of northwestern China. A controlled 35 mm single irrigation, either early or late, was applied to each crop at a certain growth stage. Soil water, leaf area, final grain yield and yield components such as the thousand-grain weight, length of spike, fertile spikelet number, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike were measured, and water use efficiency and leaf area index were calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated relay intercropping treatments and sole cropping controls. The results showed that yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and leaf area index in the relay intercropping treatments were affected by limited single drip irrigation during various growth stages of wheat and maize. The total yields in the relay intercropping treatment irrigated during the heading stage of wheat and the heading and anthesis stage of maize were the highest among all the treatments, followed by that irrigated during the anthesis stage of wheat and silking stage of maize; so was the water use efficiency. Significant differences occurred in most yield components between the irrigated and non-irrigated relay-intercropping treatments. The dynamics of the leaf area index in the relay-intercropped or solely cropped wheat and maize showed a type of single-peak pattern, whereas that of the relay intercropping treatments showed a type of double-peak pattern. Appropriately, limited single irrigation and controlled soil water content level could result in higher total yield, water use efficiency, and leaf area index, and improved yield components in relay intercropping. This practice saved the amount of water used for irrigation and also increased the yield. Therefore, heading stage of wheat and heading and anthesis stage of maize were suggested to be the optimum limited single irrigation time for relay-intercropped wheat and maize in the semi-arid area.

Single channel blind source separation based on ICA feature extraction

A new technique is proposed to solve the blind source separation (BSS) given only a single channel observation. The basis functions and the density of the coefficients of source signals learned by ICA are used as the prior knowledge. Based on the learned prior information the learning rules of single channel BSS are presented by maximizing the joint log likelihood of the mixed sources to obtain source signals from single observation, in which the posterior density of the given measurements is maximized. The experimental results exhibit a successful separation performance for mixtures of speech and music signals.

NEW OPTIMAL LARGE ANGLE MANEUVER STRATEGY FOR SINGLE FLEXIBLE LINK

A component synthesis vibration suppression (CSVS) method for flexible structures is put forward. It can eliminate any unwanted orders of flexible vibration modes while achieves desired rigid motion. This method has robustness to uncertainty of frequency, which makes it practical in engineering. Several time optimal and time-fuel optimal control strategies are designed for a kind of single flexible link. Simulation results validate the feasibility of our method.

Source Separation of Diesel Engine Vibration Based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition and Independent Component Analysis

Vibration signals from diesel engine contain many different components mainly caused by combustion and mechanism operations,several blind source separation techniques are available for decomposing the signal into its components in the case of multichannel measurements,such as independent component analysis（ICA）.However,the source separation of vibration signal from single-channel is impossible.In order to study the source separation from single-channel signal for the purpose of source extraction,the combination method of empirical mode decomposition（EMD） and ICA is proposed in diesel engine signal processing.The performance of the described methods of EMD-wavelet and EMD-ICA in vibration signal application is compared,and the results show that EMD-ICA method outperforms the other,and overcomes the drawback of ICA in the case of single-channel measurement.The independent source signal components can be separated and identified effectively from one-channel measurement by EMD-ICA.Hence,EMD-ICA improves the extraction and identification abilities of source signals from diesel engine vibration measurements.

Study of Steady-state Performances for a Novel Line-start Single-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Three Parallel-connected Windings

对于三相感应电动机的单相运行,学者们已经提出了多种实用的接线方式,比如Smith接法、SEMIHEX接法。然而,对于三相异步起动永磁同步电动机的单相运行,很少有合适的接法提出。将并联式接法应用于三相异步起动永磁同步电动机的单相运行,提出了一种新型三绕组并联式异步起动单相永磁同步电动机。分析了三相异步起动永磁同步电动机同步运行时以及起动瞬间的正序、负序阻抗,基于对称分量法,对该接法电机的对称运行条件进行分析,得出了电容的确定方法,并利用遗传算法对电容值进行优化。提出了该新型电机稳态性能的计算方法;设计了一台高功率因数和一台低功率因数三相异步起动永磁同步电动机作为样机,并分别将其改接为三绕组高效单相永磁同步电动机,进行实验研究。实验结果表明,低功率因数的异步起动永磁同步电动机更适合改接成新型三绕组并联式单相永磁同步电动机。由低功率因数三相永磁同步电动机改接成的单相异步起动永磁同步电动机在额定负载下运行时,具有与同容量三相永磁同步电动机相近的效率和更高的功率因数。

Study on Influence of Functional Composition Distribution on Combustion Performance of a Modified Single Base Propellant

The modified single base propellant samples were prepared by impregnating blasting oil into single base grains and deactivating deterrent in water medium. The concentration distribution of functional compositions in this propellant was determined by using FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Its combustion performance was investigated by means of closed-bomb and interior ballistic tests. The results show that the concentration of NG distributes parabolically along the radius and the concentration of NA decreases from the surface to the centre exponentially. The deeper the NG impregnates, the slower the NA concentration decreases, the stronger the progressive combustion is and the better the interior ballistic performance is. When the depth corresponding to maximum NG concentration is about 1/2 of the web and the NA decreases slowly, the progressive combustion is the strongest and the interior ballistic performance is the best.

QTL mapping for yield components of Brassica napus L. using double haploid and immortalized F_2 populations

Effective silique number per plant(ESN), seeds per silique(SS), thousand seeds weight(TSW), silique length(SL) and silique density(SD) are important seed yield potential determinant traits in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.), which are controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL). Mapping QTL to delimited chromosomal region offers an effective method for genetic dissection of these traits. A set of 96 double haploid(DH) lines were developed by crossing 2 Brassica napus lines R1 and R2, and an immortalized F_2(IF_2) population containing 124 combinations was developed by crossing those DH lines. DH populations were planted at 2 locations for 2 years and IF_2 populations were planted in 2 locations for 1 year. Based on the established 2,217.2 cM length high density genetic map, 42 QTLs were identified, with 26 QTLs detected repeatedly in different environments or populations, including 8 for SL, 7 for TSW, 4 for ESN, 4 for SS and 3 for SD. Among these identified QTLs, 3, 4, 1, 1 and 3 QTLs were considered as major QTLs for SL, TSW, ESN, SS and SD, respectively. In addition, 2 QTLs on A9 chromosome which control multiple traits were identified. These results warrant further study of fine mapping for yield and yield components.