Long-Pulse Single-Frequency All-Fiber Amplifier

In this paper, we report a high power long-pulse single-frequency all-fiber amplifier at 1064 nm with near-diffraction-limited beam quality based on a polarization-maintaining tapered Yb-doped fiber (T-YDF). By applying square wave pulse modulation to the diodes, with a frequency of 50 Hz and a pulse width of 668 μs, the peak power of the output laser reached 257 W with an average power of 8.65 W, linewidth of 10.6 kHz and M2 < 1.5. .

Stable single longitudinal mode erbium-doped silica fiber laser based on an asymmetric linear three-cavity structure

We present a stable linear-cavity single longitudinal mode （SLM） erbium-doped silica fiber laser. It consists of four fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs） directly written in a section of photosensitive erbium-doped fiber （EDF） to form an asymmetric three-cavity structure. The stable SLM operation at a wavelength of 1545.112 nm with a 3-dB bandwidth of 0.012 nm and an optical signal-to-noise ratio （OSNR） of about 60 dB is verified experimentally. Under laboratory conditions, the performance of a power fluctuation of less than 0.05 dB observed from the power meter for 6 h and a wavelength variation of less than 0.01 nm obtained from the optical spectrum analyzer （OSA） for about 1.5 h are demonstrated. The gain fiber length is no longer limited to only several centimeters for SLM operation because of the excellent mode-selecting ability of the asymmetric three-cavity structure. The proposed scheme provides a simple and cost-effective approach to realizing a stable SLM fiber laser.

Effect of the amount of lignin on tensile properties of single wood fibers

Chemical components are the main factors affecting the mechanical properties of wood fibers. Lignin is one of the main components of wood cell walls and has a critical effect on the mechanical properties of paper pulp and wood fiber based composites. In this study, we carried out tensile tests on single mature latewood tracheids of Chi- nese fir （Cunninghamia lanciolata （Lamb.） Hook.）, using three different delignified treatment methods to obtain different amounts of lignin. We applied single fiber tests to study the effect of the amount of lignin on mechanical tensile proper- ties of single wood fibers at the cellular level. The results show that in their dry state, the modulus of elasticity of single fi- bers decreased with the reduction in the amount of Iignin; even their absolute values were not high. The amount of lignin affects the tensile strength and elongation of single fibers considerably. Tensile strength and elongation of single fibers increase with a reduction in the amount of lignin.

Bending Modulus Measurement of Single High Performance Fiber

The bending modulus property of high performance fiber is an important property for both polymer science and engineering. The measurement of the bending performance is, however, difficult because of the thin size of the fiber. We have measured this property by the axial compression bending method where single fiber with suitable slenderness is compressed in the fiber axial direction to obtain the peak point of the force-displacement curve. Then the bending modulus and the flexural rigidity can be calculated by measuring the protruding length and diameter of fiber needles and the critical force, Pcr. The measured data show that the bending characteristics of all kinds of high performance fiber are dissimilar evidently.

Optical Pulse Compression Based on High-doped Erbium Fiber Amplifier and Standard Single-mode Fiber

Proposed is a novel optical pulse compression technique based on high-doped erbium fiber amplifier and standard single-mode fiber(SMF). We used the amplifier with the erbium ion concentration of 6.3×10-3 to amplify a hyperbolic secant pulse from a regeneratively mode-locked fiber laser. The central wavelength, pulsewidth and peak power of the pulse are 1 550 nm, 12.5 ps and 3 mW, respectively. Then the amplified pulse with peak power level corresponding to a higher-order soliton is compressed when it propagates through a 3-km-long single-mode fiber. Studied are the compressed pulses under different pump powers and fiber lengths. The results show that it can get a narrower pulse, and solve the difficulty that pulses at low power can not be compressed directly in the fiber. And the construct is compact.

Wavelength-Tunable Single Frequency Ytterbium-Doped Fiber Laser with Loop Mirror Filter

By using a loop mirror filter, a novel wavelength-tunable single-frequency ytterbium-doped fiber laser is developed to select single longitudinal modes in a linear cavity. The output wavelength could be tuned 2.4 nm intervals range from 1063.3 to 1065.Tnrn with the temperature change of the fiber Bragg grating. The maximum output power could reach 32 m W while the pump power increases to 120 m W. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 26.7% and the slope efficiency is 33.9%, respectively. The output power fluctuation is below 2%, and its highest signal-to-noise ratio is 60 dB.

Genetic dissection and origin of pleiotropic loci underlying multilevel fiber quality traits in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cotton fiber quality is a persistent concern that determines planting benefits and the quality of finished textile products.However,the limitations of measurement instruments have hindered the accurate evaluation of some important fiber characteristics such as fiber maturity,fineness,and neps,which in turn has impeded the genetic improvement and industrial utilization of cotton fiber.Here,12 single fiber quality traits were measured using Advanced Fiber Information System(AFIS)equipment among 383 accessions of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).In addition,eight conventional fiber quality traits were assessed by the High Volume Instrument(HVI)System.Genome-wide association study(GWAS),linkage disequilibrium(LD)block genotyping and functional identification were conducted sequentially to uncover the associated elite loci and candidate genes of fiber quality traits.As a result,the previously reported pleiotropic locus FL_D11 regulating fiber length-related traits was identified in this study.More importantly,three novel pleiotropic loci(FM_A03,FF_A05,and FN_A07)regulating fiber maturity,fineness and neps,respectively,were detected based on AFIS traits.Numerous highly promising candidate genes were screened out by integrating RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses,including the reported GhKRP6 for fiber length,the newly identified GhMAP8 for maturity and GhDFR for fineness.The origin and evolutionary analysis of pleiotropic loci indicated that the selection pressure on FL_D11,FM_A03 and FF_A05 increased as the breeding period approached the present and the origins of FM_A03 and FF_A05 were traced back to cotton landraces.These findings reveal the genetic basis underlying fiber quality and provide insight into the genetic improvement and textile utilization of fiber in G.hirsutum.

A 168-W high-power single-frequency amplifier in an all-fiber configuration

We present a high-power, single-frequency, narrow linewidth fiber amplifier based on master oscillator power amplification chains in an all-fiber configuration. The effect of the delivery fiber on the maximum output power is studied. A home-made 1064-nm seed laser with a 20-kHz linewidth is boosted to 129 W, and limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） when the delivery fiber is 1.2 m long By shortening the delivery fiber length to 0.7 m, the SBS threshold is increased efficiently and the maximum output power rises to 168 W with an 82.9% power conversion efficiency. The experimental results indicate that the output power can be further raised by shortening the delivery fiber length and increasing the pump power.

Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Single Frequency Double-Clad Fiber Power Amplifiers

Amplified spontaneous emission （ASE） in diode laser pumped double-clad fiber power amplifiers is studied experimentally, The dependences of ASE on fiber length and cross section of active core are discussed and the variations of ASE power as the function of pumping and signal power are investigated. There are indications that long fibers with large mode area need stronger input signals to suppress ASE. It is shown that a 150 mW input signal can suppress the ASE by 40 dB in a 4 m large mode area fiber, while to efficiently suppress the ASE in a 10 m fiber, stronger input signal is needed. 12.5 W and 16.1 W single frequency CW output power are obtained from 4 m fiber and 10 m fiber respectively. No stimulated Brillouin scattering （SBS） was observed

Characterization of Oxygen Plasma Modified Polyimide Fibers Interfacial Adhesion Performance by Single Fiber Fragmentation Test

The application of polyimide( PI) fibers in the field of composite materials has been limited because of their smooth surface and chemical inertness. In order to overcome these problems,oxygen plasma was used to modify the surface of fibers. The single fiber fragmentation test( SFFT) was used to characterize the interfacial adhesion performance of PI fiber as a simple and accurate analysis method. It was found that the interfacial shear strength between the fiber and resin after oxygen plasma modification was increased by 54% compared to the untreated fiber. Meanwhile, the surface micromorphology,chemical composition, wettability of fibers and the interface morphology at the fiber fracture were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope( FESEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS),contact angle measurement and polarizing microscope,respectively. All of these results demonstrated that the single fiber fragmentation test for analyzing the interfacial adhesion of PI fibers was effective.

RESEARCH ON TRANSVERSE STRESS CHARACTER OF SINGLE MODE OPTICAL FIBER

This paperdetails experimental work done to quantify stress measurements made optically utilizing ordinary single mode optical fibers. Strain-induced changes of birefringence for ordinary single mode optical fiber responses are characterized against standard stress measurements in a well understand configuration. The experimental scheme for this work and the results are presented in detaial. In this paper, POssible applications for this transverse stress character of single mode fibers are also proposed.

CHANGES OF SINGLE FIBER ELECTROMYOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES

Objective To assess the significance of single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in diagnosis of inflammatory myo-pathies and the correlation with other assistant examination findings. Methods SFEMG were recorded from the extensor digitorum communis of 34 patients with polymyositis or dermato-myositis and compared with the findings of routine electromyography (EMG), serum creatine kinase (CK) determination, and muscle biopsy. Results SFEMG recordings in 34 patients were all abnormal. The prominent feature was markedly increased fiber density (FD) with normally or mildly increased jitter. FD ranged from 1.0 to 6.0 (2.34±0.43). Jitter ranged from 5 to 78 μs (41.6±10.3 μs). The potential pairs with jitter values greater than 55 μs ranged from 0% to 55% (7.7% ± 11.8%). Block was detected at one recording site in only one patient. Routine EMG demonstrated myogenic lesions in only 24 patients (70.6%). FD was a little higher in the normal-EMG subgroup or the neurogenic-EMG subgroup than myogenic-EMG subgroup but without statistical significance. Elevated CK levels were found in 75% patients (24/32). FD in the normal CK subgroup was significantly higher than that in the elevated CK subgroup (2.62±0.40 vs. 2.28±0.40, P < 0.05). Muscle pathologies were consistent with the diagnosis of myositis in 75% (15/20).Conclusion SFEMG is of great value in the diagnosis and disease process understanding of inflammatory myopathies for the clinically suspected patients with normal routine EMG, CK levels, and muscle biopsies.

Experimental investigation on chaos generation in erbium-doped fiber single-ring lasers

In this paper,the chaotic behaviors in an erbium-doped fiber（EDF） single-ring laser（EDFSRL） are investigated experimentally by using the loss modulation method.An electro-optic modulator（EOM） made of LiNbO 3 crystal is added to the system.Thus,by changing the modulation voltage and the modulation frequency of the EOM,the freedom of the EDFSRL system is increased.The chaotic characteristics of the system are studied by observing the time series and the power spectra.The experimental results indicate that the erbium-doped fiber single-ring laser system can enter into chaos states through period-doubling bifurcation and intermittency routes.

High-energy pulse generation using Yb-doped Q-switched fiber laser based on single-walled carbon nanotubes

An all-fiber laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT） as the saturable absorber（SA） for Q-switched operation in the 1031 nm region is demonstrated in this work. A lasing threshold as low as 17 mW was realized for continuous wave operation. By further increasing the pump power, stable Q-switched pulse trains are obtained when the pump power ranges from 38 mW to 125 mW, corresponding to repetition rate varying from 40.84 kHz to 66.24 kHz, the pulse width from 2.0 μs to 1.0 μs,and the highest single pulse energy of 40.6 nJ respectively.

Properties of Single Mode Polymer Optical Fiber

The density,dynamic modulus,Youngs modulus,tensile strength,extension properties,Fourier transform infrared spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry have been measured and discussed for single mode polymethyl-methacrylate optical fiber.The results show that the fiber can provide large strain range for polymeric optical fiber Bragg gratings.

Derivation of General Formula for Coupling Loss of Single-mode Fiber Collimators with Gradient-index Rod Lenses

Gradient-index rod lens (GRIN-lens) whose pitch is ordinary value with bevel ferrule coupling system is analyzed, an equivalent method which can be used to analyze this system is put forward, and a general formula for determining the coupling loss with axes mismatch, radial mismatch, and angular mismatch is derived by use of the Gaussian field approximation and mode-field coupling theory. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory prediction. It indicates that these formulas are suitable to analyze the gradient-index rod lens coupling system with pigtail fiber.

FAST EVALUATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBERS

This paper describes a method for fast engineering evaluation of the transmission characteristicsof single-mode optical fibers.A versatile microcomputer program is presented which can be utilized to ana-lyze mode field characteristics of single-mode fibers with arbitrary refractive index profiles.Our computationshows that the mathematical algorithm and the corresponding programs developeod in this paper are rela-tively simple and accurate enough for the engineenring design of single-mode fibers for optical communica-tion systems.

Frequency-stabilized Yb：fiber comb with a tapered single-mode fiber

We demonstrate a stable Yb：fiber frequency comb with supercontinuum generation by using a specially designed tapered single-mode fiber, in which a spectrum spanning from 500 nm to 1500 nm is produced. The carrier-envelope offset signal of the Yb：fiber comb is measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of more than 40 dB and a linewidth narrower than 120 kHz. The repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset signals are simultaneously phase locked to a microwave reference frequency.

A tunable comb filter using single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop

A novel tunable comb filter composed of a single-mode/multimode/polarization-maintaining-fiber-based Sagnac fiber loop is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The filter tunability is achieved by rotating the polarization controller. The spectral shift is dependent on rotation direction and the position of the polarization controller. In addition, the adjustable range achieved by rotating the half-wave-plate polarization controller is twice higher than that of the quarter-wave-plate one.

Numerical study of a bi-directional in-band pumped dysprosium-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.2μm

Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers have important applications in environment monitoring,real-time sensing,and polymer processing.At present,achieving a high-efficiency and high-power Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)region over 3μm is a scientific and technological frontier.Typically,Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers use a unidirectional pumping method,which suffers from the drawback of high thermal loading density on the fiber tips,thus limiting power scalability.In this study,a bi-directional in-band pumping scheme,to address the limitations of output power scaling and to enhance the efficiency of the Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser at 3.2μm,is investigated numerically based on rate equations and propagation equations.Detailed simulation results reveal that the optical‒optical efficiency of the bi-directional in-band pumped Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser can reach 75.1%,approaching the Stokes limit of 87.3%.The potential for further improvement of the efficiency of the Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber laser is also discussed.The bi-directional pumping scheme offers the intrinsic advantage of mitigating the thermal load on the fiber tips,unlike unidirectional pumping,in addition to its high efficiency.As a result,it is expected to significantly scale the power output of Dy^(3+)-doped fluoride fiber lasers in the mid-IR regime.