Improvement of Mechanical Stability for Single Unit Recording Based on Skull Cap in Living Chinchilla

Three-point head fixation was constructed to provide mechanical stability for single unit recording(SUR)on vestibular sensory system in living chinchilla previously.However,it is no more qualified to this work when the stimulation intensity becomes large because of frequent unit losing and neuron damage,which strongly implies that the mechanical stability has been broken during the stimulation.Here,we constructed a novel hea0 fixation(skull cap assistant head fixation)provided by skull cap on the basis of three-point head fixation in order to improve the mechanical stability for SUR under the stimulation with large magnitude.The large area bone connection is the feature and advantage of this improved method,which directly fixes the tested local nervous tissue and microelectrode in an intact stable system through skull cap except two ear bars and a tube face mask.Our data exhibited that skull cap assistant head fixation could significantly improve the success rate of neural response activity recording in the population of semicircular canal neurons under the stimulation with large intensity(amplitudd 00 deg/s).Based on the analysis of neural response activity and noise base-line during stimulation,our data further indicated that this method could significantly improve the mechanical stability for SUR during high-speed motion stimulation on vestibular system in living chinchilla.Skull cap assistant head fixation extends the application of SUR on vestibular neuron in linear response range and provides a solid foundation for electrophysiological research on vestibular sensory system in fhrther studies.

Research on Quantitative Identification of Three-Dimensional Connectivity of Fractured-Vuggy Reservoirs

The fractured-vuggy carbonate oil resources in the western basin of China are extremely rich.The connectivity of carbonate reservoirs is complex,and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development and topological structure of the pore space in fractured-vuggy reservoirs.Thus,effective prediction of fractured-vuggy reservoirs is difficult.In view of this,this work employs adaptive point cloud technology to reproduce the shape and capture the characteristics of a fractured-vuggy reservoir.To identify the complex connectivity among pores,fractures,and vugs,a simplified one-dimensional connectivity model is established by using the meshless connection element method(CEM).Considering that different types of connection units have different flow characteristics,a sequential coupling calculation method that can efficiently calculate reservoir pressure and saturation is developed.By automatic history matching,the dynamic production data is fitted in real-time,and the characteristic parameters of the connection unit are inverted.Simulation results show that the three-dimensional connectivity model of the fractured-vuggy reservoir built in this work is as close as 90%of the fine grid model,while the dynamic simulation efficiency is much higher with good accuracy.

Three-dimensional physical simulation and optimization of water injection of a multi-well fractured-vuggy unit

With complex fractured-vuggy heterogeneous structures, water has to be injected to facilitate oil pro- duction. However, the effect of different water injection modes on oil recovery varies. The limitation of existing numerical simulation methods in representing fractured- vuggy carbonate reservoirs makes numerical simulation difficult to characterize the fluid flow in these reservoirs. In this paper, based on a geological example unit in the Tahe Oilfield, a three-dimensional physical model was designed and constructed to simulate fluid flow in a fractured-vuggy reservoir according to similarity criteria. The model was validated by simulating a bottom water drive reservoir, and then subsequent water injection modes were optimized. These were continuous （constant rate）, intermittent, and pulsed injection of water. Experimental results reveal that due to the unbalanced formation pressure caused by pulsed water injection, the swept volume was expanded and consequently the highest oil recovery increment was achieved. Similar to continuous water injection, intermit- tent injection was influenced by factors including the connectivity of the fractured-vuggy reservoir, well depth, and the injection-production relationship, which led to a relative low oil recovery. This study may provide a constructive guide to field production and for the devel- opment of the commercial numerical models specialized for fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.

Chemical Bonds between Charged Atoms in the Even-Odd Rule and a Limitation to Eight Covalent Bonds per Atom in Centered-Cubic and Single Face-Centered-Cubic Crystals

A crystal is a highly organized arrangement of atoms in a solid, wherein a unit cell is periodically repeated to form the crystal pattern. A unit cell is composed of atoms that are connected to some of their first neighbors by chemical bonds. A recent rule, entitled the even-odd rule, introduced a new way to calculate the number of covalent bonds around an atom. It states that around an uncharged atom, the number of bonds and the number of electrons have the same parity. In the case of a charged atom on the contrary, both numbers have different parity. The aim of the present paper is to challenge the even-odd rule on chemical bonds in well-known crystal structures. According to the rule, atoms are supposed to be bonded exclusively through single-covalent bonds. A distinctive criterion, only applicable to crystals, states that atoms cannot build more than 8 chemical bonds, as opposed to the classical model, where each atom in a crystal is connected to every first neighbor without limitation. Electrical charges can be assigned to specific atoms in order to compensate for extra or missing bonds. More specifically the article considers di-atomic body-centered-cubic, tetra-atomic and dodeca-atomic single-face-centered-cubic crystals. In body-centered crystals, atoms are interconnected by 8 covalent bonds. In face-centered crystal, the unit cell contains 4 or 12 atoms. For di-element crystals, the total number of bonds for both elements is found to be identical. The neutrality of the unit cell is obtained with an opposite charge on the nearest or second-nearest neighbor. To conclude, the even-odd rule is applicable to a wide number of compounds in known cubic structures and the number of chemical bonds per atom is not related to the valence of the elements in the periodic table.

基于FTU的配电网单相接地故障定位与恢复方法

配电网发生最多的故障是接地故障。针对准确地检测隔离接地故障线路并尽快恢复供电,提出基于配电开关监控终端(FTU)的配电网单相接地故障定位与恢复方法。利用配电网各节点FTU的小波包变换暂态选线及相电流暂态特征选线技术,结合故障路径自适应处理控制策略,配合首开关延时合闸逻辑,从而实现多分支配电网故障定位与自动隔离恢复。所提方法能够快速选出故障线路并隔离故障区段,有利于故障快速消除,提高系统运行的安全性、可靠性。

逆变型电源场站故障稳态电流实用化计算方法

单机倍乘法常用于逆变型电源场站的故障稳态建模,可简单估算场站短路电流水平,但计算精度有待提升。文中首先分析了低电压穿越控制策略约束下,有功出力、电压跌落程度对发电单元输出的稳态电流的决定性作用,得出故障稳态电流输出特性曲线,基于此分析了场站电气距离及有功出力差异对单机倍乘法计算误差的影响。在误差分析的基础上,提出了计及发电单元分布特性的改进单机倍乘法。该方法在发电单元接入点电压计算中,利用等值阻抗来等效发电单元与并网点的电气距离;将场站分群等值为两台机组,减小发电单元间有功出力差异对短路特性的影响。不同场景下的仿真分析表明,改进方法计算精度较单机倍乘法有着较大的提升。所提方法仅需通过简单计算即可实现场站分群和短路电流聚合,有较好的工程实用性。

电学计量中的量子标准与自然常数

介绍了库仑定律和安培定律在电学单位制中发挥的作用,依据机械功率与电功率等效的原理,选择电流单位安培(A)作为基本物理单位,并介绍了实用单位制和电学实物计量标准。阐述了三种电学计量的量子标准原理和溯源到自然常数的途径,分析了真空磁导率在安培定律公式中发挥的作用,探讨了电学量子三角形与欧姆定律兼容的问题。指出基本电荷量常数不是简单地从约瑟夫森常数K_(J-90)和冯·克里青常数R_(H-90)推导而来,而是由精细结构常数公式计算出来的,能量守恒原理是单位制中的第一性原理,是力学和电学计量单位的纽带。提出量子点之间的位移电流对单电子隧道泵有一定的影响,真空磁导率不再是理想的常数,真空磁导率的变化将成为后来理论界研究的重点。

区域感知实时人像超分辨率重建网络

在人像超分辨率重建领域,传统方法通常将整幅图像进行统一处理,导致效率低下。为降低模型的推理时延,提出了一种实时超分辨率重建模型RASR。该模型利用门控单元处理低分辨率图像,识别出人像边缘区域;采用分区重建策略,使用不同尺寸的子模型分别针对包含或不包含人像边缘的区域进行重建。实验结果表明:与现有方法相比,RASR模型在4倍上采样重建场景下的推理时延降低了88%,能够更有效地重建高分辨率人像图像。

高速动车组进出隧道前照灯自动开关装置研究

本文针对山区高速铁路昼间行驶隧道多,高速动车组进出隧道需要司机频繁开关前照灯而造成很大的负担和一定的劳动强度等问题,研制出高速动车组进出隧道前照灯自动开关装置,光敏电阻传感器根据隧道内外光照强度不同,单片机自动控制高速动车组前照灯开启或关闭,减轻动车组驾驶员的工作强度,达到高铁运输安全的目的。

配电网单相接地故障的电场检测装置研制

为了提升电场检测精度,研制配电网单相接地故障的电场检测装置。利用低通调理电路采集传感单元在电场中产生的感应电压,实时计算出线路附近的电场强度。使用COMSOL软件对输电线路单相接地故障情况进行有限元仿真,观察空间电场的变化情况。搭建工频均匀电场试验平台,对PCB传感单元进行电场强度测量校正,验证COMSOL电场强度仿真值。利用验证后的仿真值对平行半圆板电场测量传感单元进行校正,建立输电线路模型,对输电线路发生单相接地故障前后的电场强度进行测量。实验结果表明,当线路A相发生接地故障时,其周围电场强度迅速减小,而B、C两相周围电场强度增大,与仿真结果一致,电场检测精度较高。

S气田天然气压缩机组能效提升技术研究

S气田投产后进入中后期,天然气处理量偏低,天然气压缩机组进排气压力偏离设计工况,导致机组出现能耗高、效率低的现象。以S气田中的5号站、9号站和15号站三个区块为研究对象,分析运行与能效现状,提出四种提效节能方案:压缩机组开关机策略;单双调节改造;高压变频改造;更换小排量压缩机组。通过HYSYS和Pipeline Studio软件模拟得到方案改造后结果。结果表明:改造后单台机组效率平均提升55.44%,均达到节能评价值,单台节能率最高为53.53%,整体节能率达29.77%,有效提升系统能效,减少能耗。

新型电压自均衡开关电容多电平逆变器

为了使用更少的器件实现更多的输出电平,同时解决传统多电平逆变器开关器件在高电压下工作时,其电压应力较大,容易损坏的问题,提出一种新型单电源开关电容多电平逆变器拓扑。该开关电容逆变器拓扑通过研究开关电容技术与级联H桥逆变器的结合,采用脉宽调制的方式经过逻辑组合进行调制,实现了高效的电压增益和电平输出。在保证电容电压自均衡的前提下,仅使用单个直流电源输入,产生三倍电压增益的七电平输出。然后,为了进一步拓展该逆变器的应用范围,介绍所提逆变器的扩展结构,并简要分析其工作模式。同时与其他类似拓扑进行对比,证明该拓扑优势。最后为了验证理论分析的正确性,设计了仿真和实验样机,对逆变器的性能进行了详细测试。

基于单神经元PID的高增益DC-DC变换器

为使光伏系统和燃料电池的输出电压适应于并网发电系统所需的电压等级,提出一种基于单神经元PID的高增益DC-DC变换器。基于耦合电感的升压单元,使变换器在原有的开关占空比D上,增加一个新的自由度来调节输出电压。钳位单元的引入,削弱了耦合电感漏感与半导体器件的电压尖峰,提升了变换器的效率。通过单神经元PID,增强变换器抗扰动能力。该文先分析所提变换器的工作模态,推出其性能特点,并与经典变换器做出比较。通过仿真模拟电路运行和搭建实验模型研究,验证理论分析的正确性和实验过程的准确性。

大基地风电场“以大代小”等容量排布方案分析

“以大代小”是风电项目进行等容或扩容改造升级常用的一种方式。以大基地风电场为研究对象,探究针对大基地项目进行“以大代小”技术改造的规划方案。将大基地风电场划分为9个待改造区域,分别采用两种改造方案,从机组单机容量、机组轮毂高度、改造区域机组对周边机组的尾流影响等几个关键因素入手,分析这些因素对场区发电量的影响及发电量提升效果,进而得到最优的改造机型和布局规划。研究结果表明,保持轮毂高度不变,提升单机容量,发电量增加幅度并不显著。当抬升轮毂高度且提升机组单机容量时,发电量提升效果较为明显。当选取的轮毂高度与周边机组轮毂高度较为接近时,随着改造区域单机容量增大,对周边机组的尾流影响越大,影响最大的为处于改造区域下风向的机组,影响最小的通常为处于改造区域上风向的机组。抬升轮毂高度,随着单机容量的提升,发电量提升效果较为显著。根据大基地风电场的实际风资源条件,在场区中间区域适当抬升轮毂高度,可以提升发电量并减少对周边风电场的尾流影响。等容量技术改造时,应优先选择高塔架大兆瓦机组进行改造。

海口地区屋顶分布式光伏跟踪式支架应用研究

对比几种光伏支架的特点,结合实际工程案例,仿真分析采用不同光伏支架时的发电效果,并通过计算投资回收期比较固定式支架与跟踪式支架的经济性,对提升光伏发电系统年单位发电量有积极作用。

单体家具设计课程教学改革创新实践

单体家具设计课程目标是培养学生独立进行家具造型设计的能力,对学生的创新能力进行启发与训练。笔者选用瓦楞纸作为制作材料,与单体家具设计课程教学相结合,既能够满足方便使用、无污染、可回收利用的生态环保理念要求,又能够凸显产品设计专业特色。同时增加实际项目训练的创新教学方法,为学生制定详细的课程设计目标,用瓦楞纸制作家具模型,使学生在动手操作中掌握家具设计原则和方法,将家具的造型、功能、造型等有机地结合起来,提高学生深度学习能力和小组合作能力,也能使学生设计技能和素养得到更全面的提升。

基于SIMULINK的智能剥锌机剥离过程液压控制系统建模与仿真分析

智能剥离单元是智能剥锌系统中的核心装备,用于对阴极铝板上的电沉积金属锌片进行剥离。本文以某公司研发的全新一代BKAS-32型智能剥锌机的智能剥离单元为研究对象,针对其非对称液压缸控制系统的特点,建立了电液比例阀控液压系统的数学模型,设计了基于单神经元控制算法的剥离过程液压控制系统模型并进行了仿真分析,通过与传统PID控制系统的仿真结果进行对比,论证了基于单神经元控制算法的剥离过程液压控制系统性能的优越性。经过现场应用表明,应用单神经元控制算法的智能剥离单元的剥离刀具组件双向运行速度曲线平滑,对称性高,两侧剥离刀具组件的速度差小于1%,极大地增加了智能剥离单元剥离作业的稳定性。

提升喷气涡流纺粘胶纱强力的工艺措施

为了提升喷气涡流纺粘胶纱强力,以纺R 16.9 tex纱为例,介绍原料优选及纺纱工艺流程,重点阐述清梳联、并条、涡流纺等工序工艺优化的具体措施以及各车间温湿度的控制标准。通过对比各工序优化前后的主要参数以及成纱质量,指出:在开清棉工序遵循勤抓少抓、多松少打、以梳代打、少落多混工艺原则,梳棉工序采用柔性梳理、充分转移工艺理念并优选针布配置,并条工序采用低并合、小牵伸、慢速度、大隔距的工艺配置,涡流纺工序优选纺锭规格、喷嘴压力以及电子清纱器、捻接器参数,各车间温湿度控制达标等工艺后,所纺喷气涡流纺R 16.9 tex纱成纱质量明显提高,生产效率达99.0%,单纱强力约提高5.5%。

Vibration of 1000-MW Ultra-Supercritical Turbine-Generator Unit with Simens Technology

The layout features of unit shafting and their effects on vibration, as well as evaluation criteria, were introduced for a 1000-MW ultra-supercritical turbine-generator unit with Simens technology. Based on vibration diagnosis and treatment for more than 10 units, some typical vibration faults were summarized, such as the vibration fluctuation of the high pressure (HP) rotor, abnormal vibration increases of the No.3 bearing pedestal and large vibration of the exciter rotor during its critical speed range. The vibration characteristics and the causes of faults and countermeasures were analyzed. Three applications for further illustration were given. The vibration fault identification method, control measures, and applications can provide a reference for vibration diagnoses and treatment of same type units.