A Hybrid Random Number Generator Using Single Electron Tunneling Junctions and MOS Transistors

This paper proposes a novel single electron random number generator （RNG）. The generator consists of multiple tunneling junctions （MTJ） and a hybrid single electron transistor （SET）/MOS output circuit. It is an oscillator-based RNG. MTJ is used to implement a high-frequency oscillator, which uses the inherent physical randomness in tunneling events of the MTJ to achieve large frequency drift. The hybrid SET and MOS output circuit is used to amplify and buffer the output signal of the MTJ oscillator. The RNG circuit generates high-quality random digital sequences with a simple structure. The operation speed of this circuit is as high as 1GHz. The circuit also has good driven capability and low power dissipation. This novel random number generator is a promising device for future cryptographic systems and communication applications.

Unconditional and Conditional QTL Mapping for Tiller Numbers at Various Stages with Single Segment Substitution Lines in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Tiller is one of the most important agronomic traits which influences quantity and quality of effective panicles and finally influences yield in rice. It is important to understand ＂static＂ and ＂dynamic＂ information of the QTLs for tillers in rice. This work was the first time to simultaneously map unconditional and conditional QTLs for tiller numbers at various stages by using single segment substitution lines in rice. Fourteen QTLs for tiller number, distributing on the corresponding substitution segments of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 were detected. Both the number and the effect of the QTLs for tiller number were various at different stages, from 6 to 9 in the number and from 1.49 to 3.49 in the effect, respectively. Tiller number QTLs expressed in a time order, mainly detected at three stages of 0-7 d, 14-21 d and 35-42 d after transplanting with 6 positive, 9 random and 6 negative expressing QTLs, respectively. Each of the QTLs expressed one time at least during the whole duration of rice. The tiller number at a specific stage was determined by sum of QTL effects estimated by the unconditional method, while the increasing or decreasing number in a given time interval was controlled by the total of QTL effects estimated by the conditional method. These results demonstrated that it is highly effective and accurate for mapping of the QTLs by using single segment substitution lines and the conditional analysis methodology.

Number of Tardy Jobs of Single Machine Scheduling Problem with Variable Processing Time

The number of tardy jobs of the single machine scheduling problem with a variable processing time is studied in accordance with the published instances of traffic transportation management engineering. It is proved by 3 partition problem that if the problem is of ready time and common deadline constrained, its complexity is NP hard in the strong sense. Finally, a polynomial algorithm for solving unit processing time and common deadline problems is proposed.

Single Chargino Production with R-Parity Lepton Number Violation in Photon-Photon Collisions

We examine the process γγ→ x+ - at photon-photon collider in the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation,where all the one-loop diagrams are considered.We mainly discuss the effects of bilinear breaking terms,and conclude that their contributions may be important compared with trilinear terms.Our results show that the events of this process could be detectable at photon-photon colliders,if the values of the parameters are favorable.

Domain Decomposition for Wavelet Single Layer on Geometries with Patches

We focus on the single layer formulation which provides an integral equation of the first kind that is very badly conditioned. The condition number of the unpreconditioned system increases exponentially with the multiscale levels. A remedy utilizing overlapping domain decompositions applied to the Boundary Element Method by means of wavelets is examined. The width of the overlapping of the subdomains plays an important role in the estimation of the eigenvalues as well as the condition number of the additive domain decomposition operator. We examine the convergence analysis of the domain decomposition method which depends on the wavelet levels and on the size of the subdomain overlaps. Our theoretical results related to the additive Schwarz method are corroborated by numerical outputs.

Light Yield Measurements for PbWO_4 Crystals by Single Photoelectron Method

The measurements of light yield of PbWO4 crystals with normal methods may haverelatively large errors because the crystals have a low light yield.Therefore,a single photoelec-tron method with normal radioactive sources is proposed and the measurements for severalPbWO4 samples produced by Beijing Glass Research Institute are reported.

GHz photon-number resolving detection with high detection efficiency and low noise by ultra-narrowband interference circuits

We demonstrate the photon-number resolution(PNR)capability of a 1.25 GHz gated InGaAs single-photon avalanche photodiode(APD)that is equipped with a simple,low-distortion ultra-narrowband interference circuit for the rejection of its background capacitive response.Through discriminating the avalanche current amplitude,we are able to resolve up to four detected photons in a single detection gate with a detection efficiency as high as 45%.The PNR capability is limited by the avalanche current saturation,and can be increased to five photons at a lower detection efficiency of 34%.The PNR capability,combined with high efficiency and low noise,will find applications in quantum information processing technique based on photonic qubits.

Multi-Criteria Group Decision-Making Method Based on an Improved Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hamacher Weighted Average Operator and Grey Relational Analysis

This paper proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCGDM) method based on the improved single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging (ISNHWA) operator and grey relational analysis (GRA) to overcome the limitations of present methods based on aggregation operators. First, the limitations of several existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators (i.e. , the single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted algebraic averaging, single-valued neutrosophic weighted Einstein averaging, single-valued neutrosophic Frank weighted averaging, and single-valued neutrosophic Hamacher weighted averaging operators), which can produce some indeterminate terms in the aggregation process, are discussed. Second, an ISNHWA operator was developed to overcome the limitations of existing operators. Third, the properties of the proposed operator, including idempotency, boundedness, monotonicity, and commutativity, were analyzed. Application examples confirmed that the ISNHWA operator and the proposed MCGDM method are rational and effective. The proposed improved ISNHWA operator and MCGDM method can overcome the indeterminate results in some special cases in existing single-valued neutrosophic weighted averaging aggregation operators and MCGDM methods.

Target genes discovery through copy number alteration analysis in human hepatocellular carcinoma

High-throughput short-read sequencing of exomes and whole cancer genomes in multiple human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cohorts confirmed previously identified frequently mutated somatic genes,such as TP53,CTNNB1 and AXIN1,and identified several novel genes with moderate mutation frequencies,including ARID1A,ARID2,MLL,MLL2,MLL3,MLL4,IRF2,ATM,CDKN2A,FGF19,PIK3CA,RPS6KA3,JAK1,KEAP1,NFE2L2,C16orf62,LEPR,RAC2,and IL6ST.Functional classification of these mutated genes suggested that alterations in pathways participating in chromatin remodeling,Wnt/β-catenin signaling,JAK/STAT signaling,and oxidative stress play critical roles in HCC tumorigenesis.Nevertheless,because there are few druggable genes used in HCC therapy,the identification of new therapeutic targets through integrated genomic approaches remains an important task.Because a large amount of HCC genomic data genotyped by high density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays is deposited in the public domain,copy number alteration(CNA)analyses of these arrays is a cost-effective way to reveal target genes through profiling of recurrent and overlapping amplicons,homozygous deletions and potentially unbalanced chromosomal translocations accumulated during HCC progression.Moreover,integration of CNAs with other high-throughput genomic data,such as aberrantly coding transcriptomes and non-coding gene expression in human HCC tissues and rodent HCC models,provides lines of evidence that can be used to facilitate the identification of novel HCC target genes with the potential of improving the survival of HCC patients.

Fast algorithm for coherent source number estimation

In order to estimate the number of coherent sources, a Hankel matrix with the size of half the number of the received arrays is constructed using snapshot data of observed vectors. And the rank of the Hankel matrix is only related with the number of signal sources, no matter the signals are uncorrelated or coherent. We can get the signal and noise eigenvalues by conducting the singular value decomposition （SVD） to the Hankel matrix, the source number can be obtained by calculating the maximum ratio of each eigenvalue pair. The complexity of the algorithm is reduced greatly as only part of the observed data （single snapshot） is used. The Monte-Carlo simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm.

A hybrid-type quantum random number generator

This paper proposes a well-performing hybrid-type truly quantum random number generator based on the time interval between two independent single-photon detection signals, which is practical and intuitive, and generates the initial random number sources from a combination of multiple existing random number sources. A time-to-amplitude converter and multichannel analyzer are used for qualitative analysis to demonstrate that each and every step is random. Furthermore, a carefully designed data acquisition system is used to obtain a high-quality random sequence. Our scheme is simple and proves that the random number bit rate can be dramatically increased to satisfy practical requirements.

Associations between IL-1RN variable number of tandem repeat, IL-1β (-511) and IL-1β (+3954) gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis in Uighur children of China

Objective:Interleukin-1(IL-1)is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which may be related to urolithiasis.Genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin-1beta(IL-1β)have been proposed as markers for urolithiasis in some areas.Due to the high incidence of urolithiasis in Uighur children(Xinjiang,China)and existence of ethnic difference,our aim is to explore the potential of IL-1 gene polymorphisms and urolithiasis among these children.Methods:Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood of 115 patients and 98 controls were used for genotype polymorphisms analyses.IL-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1RN)gene variable number of tandem repeat(VNTR)gene polymorphisms were analyzed by PCR method.PCR-based restriction analysis was done for the IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)gene polymorphisms by endonucleases Ava I and Taq I,respectively.The genotype distribution,allele frequencies,carriage rate,and haplotype frequencies were statistically analyzed.Results:No significant differences were observed in genotypic frequencies between pediatric urolithiasis patients and control group for IL-1RN gene(χ^(2)=1.906,p=0.605),IL-1β(-511)gene(χ^(2)=0.105,p=0.949),or IL-1β(+3954)gene(χ^(2)=3.635,p=0.169).There were yet no significant differences of the allele frequencies of IL-1RN VNTR gene(p=0.779),IL-1β(-511)gene(p=0.941),and IL-1β(+3954)gene(p=0.418)in the case and control groups,as well as the carriage rate and haplotype of them(all p>0.05).Conclusions:The associations between IL-1RN VNTR,IL-1β(-511)and IL-1β(+3954)genes polymorphisms and urolithiasis were not significant in Uighur children.The results need to be confirmed in studies with larger population sample size,as well as in other ethnic groups.

基于ST-number算法的配网GIS单线图自动生成方法研究

由于电网结构的不断复杂化,传统由发至用的结构已经发生了根本性的改变,各种信息流和能量流的交互使得配网GIS单线图的自动生成变得日益困难。针对传统人工绘图方式存在的工作量大、效率低以及准确度不受控等弊端,同时由于人为绘图习惯的影响,绘制成品的可读性较低,无法满足日益更新的电网对自身维护和管理的要求。文中结合ST-number算法,进行原图的平面性判定,实现正交成图,将复杂的电气接线信息扁平化处理。基于IEEE118节点作为算例进行实验验证,结果显示该算法可实现复杂接线图的解耦,显著提升了成图效率和绘图的准确性。

The Deny Proof of the Palindrome Number Conjecture

Palindrome number conjecture: Take any non-palindromic natural number with two or more digits, add its inverse ordinal number, continue to use the inverted number of sum plus sum, repeat this process continuously. After a finite number of operations, a palindrome number must be obtained. We firstly give out several definitions: The pure-single-digit-of-sum is the number of single digits that only count the sum of two numbers of the same digit in the vertical operation of addition, which is referred to as pure single digit for short, denoted by g. The pure-carry-digit-of-sum is the carry digit that only counts the sum of two numbers in the same bit in the vertical operation of addition. It is a special number composed of only 1 and 0, which is represented by j'. The complement-0-carry-digit-of-sum is to supplement a 0 on the last side of j' according to the rule of adding bits, which is denoted by j. Therefore, in the addition operation, the sum of any natural number and its inverse ordinal number is divided into two parts: g and j. Then, the characteristics of g and j are characterized by the following two theorems: Theorem 1: As all the numbers in j are 0, j is the palindrome number;As the numbers in j are not all 0, j is not a palindrome number. Theorem 2: The sum of any palindrome number H and any non-palindrome j number must be a non-palindrome number. Then we proved the palindrome number conjecture is not correct by using the above two theorems.

The Difference of the Copy Number Variation and Loss of Heterozygosity of Human Lung Large Cell Cancer Cell Line with Different Metastatic Potential

Background and Objective It has been proven that copy number gain/or loss (copy number variation CNV) in uences gene expression and result in phenotypic variation by

单导联心电信号采集与显示系统的设计

近年来心血管疾病的发病率正在逐年上升,医生对于心血管疾病的诊断仍然将测量心电图作为最主要的辅助检查手段,但是目前静态心电图仪器仅可以进行瞬时采样且仅能记录患者部分心电情况,对于潜伏性疾病较难以及时发现,而动态心电图仪器佩戴复杂且即时性差,故论文设计了一套基于FPGA的单导联心电采集与显示系统,并通过上位机对其采集的波形进行显示。经过测试验证,单导联心电采集与显示系统运行良好,能够有效地检测到生物电信号,佩戴方便且能够辅助医生提升诊断决策的效率,给医疗器械的研究提供了一种新的研究方向。

人恶性胸膜间皮瘤DNA从头测序及基因突变分析

通过DNA从头测序分析人胸膜间皮瘤发生的高关联度突变基因。提取恶性胸膜间皮瘤(MPM)组织和正常胸膜组织DNA,构建基因文库,用Illumina HiSeqX Ten PE 150平台测序,将测序结果与人类基因组数据库的参考序列进行比对、注释,并对测序结果进行过滤、错误率分布检查、GC含量分布检查分析。MPM组织DNA平均过滤37829946 bp,错误率小于0.12%,GC含量占41.17%,而正常胸膜组织DNA平均过滤39089681 bp,错误率小于0.1%,GC含量占41.7%,两者测序质量均在Q 30(≥80%)以上,MPM为87.43%,正常胸膜为88.36%。以上高质量测序数据通过BWA比对到参考基因组(GRCh 37/hg 19),得到最初比对序列,利用重复标记后的比对序列进行覆盖度、深度等统计,覆盖深度达到10 X以上该突变位点可信。结果显示,实验病例XL14覆盖深度达到10 X的占98.59%,覆盖率达到99.83%;对照病例Z5占98.50%,覆盖率达到99.79%。对该序列进行基因注释分析,发现一系列单核苷酸多态性、基因插入缺失、基因结构变异、基因拷贝数变异,筛选出总变异位点数29277个,可能致病的变异位点数22个,致病性的变异位点数5个,不确定变异有害性的位点数为3353个,其余变异位点均为良性。进一步对突变基因进行富集、关联性分析,预测出突变基因TXNDC2与人胸膜间皮瘤的发生高度相关,相关系数达到0.8以上;突变基因PIEN、ABCC1、UGT1A7、UGT1A3、UGT1A4、UGT1A9、ALDH3B1、UGT1A5等与人胸膜间皮瘤有一定关联性,关联度在0~0.2之间。基因TXNDC2、PIEN、ABCC1、UGT1A7、UGT1A3、UGT1A4、UGT1A9、ALDH3B1、UGT1A5的变异可能与人胸膜间皮瘤的发生发展有关。本实验为人胸膜间皮瘤分子诊断提供了参考。

第3天新鲜胚胎移植周期中卵裂球数目与助孕方式对妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨第3天新鲜胚胎移植周期中卵裂球数目及助孕方式对妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年8月海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第一附属医院生殖医学中心收治的首次接受胚胎移植、采用常规体外受精(IVF)或卵胞浆内单精子显微注射技术(ICSI)助孕、胚胎质量为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级的患者资料。共1788个第3天新鲜移植周期纳入研究,先分为单胚胎移植和双胚胎移植两大类,每类再根据卵裂球数目分为≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、8个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组。在新鲜单胚胎移植周期中,≤6个细胞组36个(IVF 21个、ICSI 15个),7个细胞组53个(IVF 25个、ICSI 28个),8个细胞组204个(IVF 146个、ICSI 58个),9个细胞组36个(IVF 22个、ICSI 14个),≥10个细胞组50个(IVF 34个、ICSI 16个);在新鲜双胚胎移植周期中,≤6个细胞组59个(IVF 27个、ICSI 32个),7个细胞组72个(IVF 48个、ICSI 24个),8个细胞组1178个(IVF 820个、ICSI 358个),9个细胞组44个(IVF 24个、ICSI 20个),≥10个细胞组56个(IVF 24个、ICSI 32个)。比较各组的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、流产率和活产率。结果在新鲜单胚胎移植周期中,8个细胞组的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率高于≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组(均P<0.05),活产率高于≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组(均P<0.05),流产率与≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);8个细胞组中ICSI助孕的胚胎移植后胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率均高于IVF助孕(均P<0.05),而≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组中IVF和ICSI 2种助孕方式的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。在新鲜双胚胎移植周期中,8个细胞组的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率均高于≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组(均P<0.05),流产率与≤6个细胞组、7个细胞组、≥10个细胞组比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),但低于9个细胞组且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);≤6个细胞组ICSI助孕的胚胎移植后胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率均高于IVF助孕(均P<0.05),而7个细胞组、8个细胞组、9个细胞组、≥10个细胞组中IVF和ICSI 2种助孕方式的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率、活产率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论在第3天新鲜胚胎移植周期中,可首选8个细胞胚胎,其次是9个细胞胚胎、≥10个细胞胚胎、7个细胞胚胎、≤6个细胞胚胎;8个细胞胚胎在ICSI助孕方式下的胚胎种植率、临床妊娠率和活产率比IVF高,可以优先选择;对于一部分ICSI助孕患者在无其他优质胚胎情况下,移植≤6个细胞的胚胎也可以获得较好的妊娠结局。

特殊复杂染色体重排1例男性携带者的遗传学分析与PGT-SR助孕结局

目的:探讨1例特殊染色体复杂重排(CCR)男性携带者的临床特征、遗传学特征与胚胎植入前染色体结构重排筛查(PGT-SR)的助孕结局。方法:通过改良高分辨G显带技术和低深度高通量全基因组测序技术(WGLCS)分别对该男性患者的细胞染色体核型和分子核型进行分析。此外,利用二代测序技术(NGS)对该男性患者进行单精子染色体拷贝数(CNV)分析和PGT-SR助孕。结果:该男性患者核型为:46,XY,der(5)inv(5)(q14.3q23.2)t(5;14;11)(q23.2;q31.1;q21),der(11)t(5;14;11);der(14)t(5;14;11),其易位断点位于基因间区。单精子测序结果显示该男性精子中20.0%(7/35)为正常单倍体。PGT-SR结果显示正常/平衡的胚胎比率为25.0%(4/16),经过2次冷冻的单囊胚移植后,夫妇成功活产一健康男婴。此外,对已报道的男性CCRs携带者进行了文献回顾,总结了其正常/平衡精子比率和PGT-SR结局。结论:本研究提示男性CCRs携带者的正常单倍体精子比率可能高于理论预测,通过PGT-SR可有效改善其妊娠结局,在遗传咨询方面为他们提供了有价值的数据。

基于压缩感知的被动雷达导引头信源数估计方法

随着雷达反摧毁技术的发展,被动雷达导引头面临着在雷达和诱饵形成的不完全重合信号中进行超分辨测向的挑战,需要单快拍测向技术。现有测向技术大多假设信源数已知,而传统的信源数估计方法在单快拍时性能大幅下降甚至失效。为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于压缩感知的单快拍信源数估计方法。该方法首先将被动雷达导引头阵列测向模型稀疏表示,其次通过子空间算法和压缩感知算法相结合进行降阶和解相干处理,然后提出一种改进的正交匹配追踪算法,研究残差的变化规律,最后构造目标函数估计信源数。仿真实验表明,该方法在单快拍、阵元数少、信号相干的极端情况下估计成功率较高。