Exploring the Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Detection of Acute Kidney Injury among On-Pump Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Investigation in Bangladesh

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) stands as a prominent postoperative complication in on-pump cardiac surgery, with repercussions on morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization duration. Current diagnostic criteria relying on serum creatinine levels exhibit a delayed identification of AKI, prompting an exploration of alternative biomarkers. Aims and Objectives: This study is designed to overcome diagnostic constraints and explore the viability of serum Cystatin C as an early predictor of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in individuals undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery. The investigation aims to establish the relationship between serum Cystatin C levels and the onset of AKI in patients subjected to on-pump cardiac surgery. Primary objectives involve the assessment of the diagnostic effectiveness of serum Cystatin C, its comparison with serum creatinine, and the exploration of its potential for the early identification and treatment of AKI. Methodology: Conducted as a single-center study at the cardiac surgery department of BSMMU in Bangladesh from September 2020 to August 2022, a comparative cross-sectional analysis involved 31 participants categorized into No AKI and AKI groups based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Data collection encompassed preoperative, post-CBP (cardiopulmonary bypass) conclusion at 2 hours, postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2 intervals. Statistical analyses included Chi-squared tests, independent Student’s t-tests, and one-sample t-tests. Significance was set at P Results: The study revealed no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the No AKI and AKI groups, except for CPB time and cross-clamp time. Serum Cystatin C levels in the AKI group exhibited statistical significance at various time points, highlighting its potential as an early detector. Conversely, Serum Creatinine levels in the AKI group showed no statistical significance. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis further supported the efficacy of serum Cystatin C, with an Area under the ROC Curve of 0.864 and a cut-off value of 0.55 (p Conclusion: This study supports the superior utility of serum Cystatin C as an early detector of AKI in on-pump cardiac surgery patients compared to serum creatinine. Its ability to identify AKI several hours earlier may contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The findings underscore the significance of exploring novel biomarkers for improved post-cardiac surgery renal function assessment.

Theoretical study on the pressurization characteristics of disc-seal single screw pump used in high viscosity oily sludge conveying field

The disc-seal single screw pump(DSSP)used in the field of high viscosity oily sludge transport has a huge advantage.However,there is no research on the pressurization characteristics of the DSSP at present,which makes its application limited.In view of this,the pressurization process mathematical model of the DSSP was established based on the geometric model of the pump.By using this model,the pressurization characteristics of DSSP and the influence of working parameters on the pressurization process were studied combined with the principle of back-flow pressurization.Analysis results show that the instantaneous pressurization process could be realized mainly depending on the reflux pressurization from the outlet chamber to the pressurization chamber when the screw rotor rotating angle is located at-5°to+5°.The pressure in the pressurization chamber will increase with the increase of working parameters which include inlet pressure,outlet pressure,screw rotation velocity and dynamic viscosity of fluid medium in the area of flow-back pressurization.The screw rotation velocity and the viscosity of the conveying medium have significant effects on the peak pressure in the pressurization chamber,and the peak pressure in the pressurization chamber is proportional to the screw rotation velocity and the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the conveying medium.The proportional coefficient between the peak pressure and the screw rotation velocity is 6.29×10~4.The proportional coefficient between the peak pressure and the dynamic viscosity of the conveying medium is 6.28×10~6.

Efficient and high-power laser-diode single-end-pumped Nd：YVO4 continuous wave laser at 1342nm

A compact, efficient and high-power laser diode （LD） single-end-pumped Nd：YVO4 laser with continuous-wave emission at 1342 nm is reported. With a single crystal single-end-pumped by fibre-coupled LD array, an output power of 7.36W is obtained from the laser cavity of concave-convex shape, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 32.8%. The laser is operated in TEM00 mode with small rms amplitude noise of 0.3%. The influences of the Nd concentration, transmissivity of the output mirror and the cavity length on the output power have been studied experimentally.

Cs 5D_(5/2)-6F 728 nm Laser Spectroscopy with Single Pumping Laser

The sub-Doppler absorption laser spectroscopy at 728nm transition from the 5D5/2 state to the 6F state of cesium with linewidth near 10 MHz is first experimentally performed with indirect pumping from the ground state 6S1/2 to the state 7P3/2 by a 455.5nm diode laser. Using a 455.5nm diode laser as an indirect pump laser, several excited states will be populated due to spontaneous decay from the 7P state. We first implement the sub-Doppler absorption laser spectroscopy at 728nm from the 5D5/2 state to the 6F state when Cs atoms within thermal glass cell decay to the 5D5/2 state. Due to velocity transfer effect, the hyperfine structure of 5D5/2 shows a mixed and complicated pattern but very e/ear structure when the 455.5nm pumping laser is counter-propagating （or co-propagating） with the 728nm probing laser.

Techno-economic analysis of single U-tube and double U-tube heat exchangers in Chongqing area

On the basis of practical projects in Chongqing,the thermal performance of heat exchangers (single U-tube type and double U-tube type) of the ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system in the hot summer was obtained and analyzed. The data obtained from test could match with the result deduced from theoretical calculation. From the test results,the cooling capacity of double U-tube is 1.6 times that of single U-tube. Taking cost per depth per watt Clq as the evaluation standard,Clq of single U-tube is 4.69 RMB$/W,and Clq of double U-tube is 3.14 RMB$/W. The double U-tube heat exchangers usage should be prioritized.

Dynamic Stress Analysis of Sewage Centrifugal Pump Impeller Based on Two-way Coupling Method

Current research on the operational reliability of centrifugal pumps has mainly focused on hydrodynamic instability. However, the interaction between the fluid and structure has not been sufficiently considered; this interaction can cause vibration and dynamic stress, which can affect the reliability. In this study, the dynamic stresses in a single-blade centrifugal pump impeller are analysed under different operating conditions; the two-way coupling method is used to calculate the fluid-structure interaction. Three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the SST k-o9 turbulence model for the fluid in the whole flow passage, while transient structure dynamic analysis is used with the finite element method for the structure side. The dynamic stresses in the rotor system are computed according to the fourth strength theory. The stress results show that the highest stress is near the loose bearing and that the equivalent stress increases with the flow rate because the dynamic stresses are closely related to the pressure load. The stress distributions on the blade pressure side, suction side, leading edge, and trailing edge are each analysed for different flow rates; the highest stress distribution is found on the pressure side. On the blade pressure side, a relatively large stress is found near the trailing edge and hub side. Based on these results, a stress distribution prediction method is proposed for centrifugal pumps, which considers the interaction between the fluid and structuxe. The method can be used to check the dynamic stress at different flow rates when optimising the pump design to increase the pump reliability.

High power tandem pumping fibre amplifier

We demonstrate a high efficiency 1083 nm fibre amplifier tandem pumped by a 1030 nm fibre laser. The 1030 nm fibre laser is coupled into a 25 m long single clad ytterbium doped fibre via a high power wave division multiplexer to core pump the 1083 nm signal laser. An output power of 4.5 W and a power conversion efficiency of 76.6% are achieved without power-roll. The performance of the amplifier can be improved by optimizing the gain fibre length.

Behavioral Variations of Gain and NF Owing to Configurations and Pumping Powers

Six configurations are proposed in this paper to explore the gain and noise figure (NF) variations under the pumping power effect. I propose a new investigation of gain and NF at different EDFA configurations. Configurations such as SPSS, DPSS, DPSSF, TPDS, TPDSF, and QPDSF are designed, investigated and compared. A continuous progress of gain values is observed from SPSS to QPDSF, and a change of NF values related to configurations is recorded. The NF variations show different behaviors at different configurations. High gain of 59.49 dB and low NF value of 4.22 dB are recorded for the QPDSF configuration and low gain and low NF are recorded for the SPSS configuration.

纸机真空系统节能探讨 兼谈芬兰兰泰克Ecopump变速透平机

通过与制浆造纸行业现有的水环泵和单/多级透平机两种真空系统进行比较,分析了芬兰Ecopump变速透平机真空系统技术及其节能优势所在。Ecopump变速透平机可为纸机真空系统节能30%~70%,同时具有投资回报快、安装维护快且简单等特点。

某单缸发动机冷却系统数值模拟及优化

为研究某单缸发动机冷却系统的冷却性能及工作流量,采用CFD方法对该单缸发动机冷却系统开展流场分析及工作流量提升研究。实验结果表明:该发动机冷却系统原方案的工作流量为34 L/min,不满足当发动机转速8 000 r/min时工作流量43.75 L/min的设计要求。通过优化水套阻力和提升冷却水泵性能,冷却系统的工作流量提升至44 L/min,增幅为29.4%。研究结果可为该单缸发动机冷却系统的冷却性能评估及结构改进提供仿真数据支撑。

人工肾脏泵用磁悬浮轴承设计与磁力特性分析

代替透析膜的持续离心分离新方法提高了依赖血液透析治疗的肾脏病患者生活质量,随之,人工肾脏泵的研究被很多学者关注.但传统人工肾脏泵采用滚动轴承进行支撑,存在溶血高、血栓率高等问题,为此,本文利用磁悬浮轴承的非接触、无润滑、高转速等优点,研发了一种应用于人工肾脏泵的结构紧凑且节能的单自由度控制型磁悬浮轴承.利用有限元分析软件进行仿真,探索径向被动控制部分和轴向主动控制部分的设计参数,并对总体进行仿真验证,进而对磁悬浮轴承进行结构性能评估.结果表明:仿真与实验的径向位移刚度系数分别为47.432 N/mm和49.531 N/mm,轴向电流刚度系数分别为0.144 N/AT和0.135 N/AT,轴向位移刚度系数为223.071 N/mm,满足该磁悬浮轴承的五自由度稳定悬浮要求;所设计的磁悬浮轴承简化了系统结构,减小了控制难度以及降低了系统功耗.

基于正交试验的全金属单螺杆泵转子最大转矩研究

通过正交试验对全金属单螺杆泵进行流场仿真,收集了在不同因素、不同水平下全金属单螺杆泵转子所受到的最大转子转矩数据,对其进行方差分析。分析结果反映出了各因素与转子最大转矩之间的关系,并判断出不同因素与研究目标的相关性强弱,并通过曲线图反映了这一现象。

电学计量中的量子标准与自然常数

介绍了库仑定律和安培定律在电学单位制中发挥的作用,依据机械功率与电功率等效的原理,选择电流单位安培(A)作为基本物理单位,并介绍了实用单位制和电学实物计量标准。阐述了三种电学计量的量子标准原理和溯源到自然常数的途径,分析了真空磁导率在安培定律公式中发挥的作用,探讨了电学量子三角形与欧姆定律兼容的问题。指出基本电荷量常数不是简单地从约瑟夫森常数K_(J-90)和冯·克里青常数R_(H-90)推导而来,而是由精细结构常数公式计算出来的,能量守恒原理是单位制中的第一性原理,是力学和电学计量单位的纽带。提出量子点之间的位移电流对单电子隧道泵有一定的影响,真空磁导率不再是理想的常数,真空磁导率的变化将成为后来理论界研究的重点。

NEG泵抽气性能仿真模拟与测试系统设计

烧结型非蒸散吸气剂(NEG)泵HV400具有对氢及氢同位素有很高的亲和力,即使室温状态下也能发生吸附效应。为了适用于EAST托卡马克中性束注入器工作条件下稳定抽气,针对HV400的抽气性能开展了模拟仿真和实验研究。采用Molflow软件仿真分析了工作状态下不同进气量的压力分布规律与抽气性能,得到了系统平衡压力与进气量以及抽速随着平衡压力而变化的特性曲线,发现三种气体在10^(-3)~10^(-2)Pa时抽速有微小起伏,表明HV400对H_(2)、CO_(2)和N2抽气性能稳定,评估结果与实际抽速相比误差分别为1.95%、3.13%和2.09%,均在合理误差范围内。基于标准化流量计法完成了NEG泵抽速测试系统设计与平台搭建,并进行了抽速性能测试实验,实验结果与仿真模拟都验证了系统设计的可行性,且在10-3Pa量级下抽氢效果最好,为NEG泵在中性束注入器的真空系统设计提供了理论依据和技术支持。

Diode-pumped single frequency Tm,Ho:YLF laser at room temperature

A diode-pumped single frequcncy Tm,Ho：YLF laser operating at an eye-safe wavelength of 2 μm has been developed. Temperature of the laser crystal was controlled at room temperature with a thermoelectric cooler. The line-width narrowing elements were two solid uncoated fused silica etalons whose thicknesses were 1 and 0.1 mm, respectively. Continuous wave single frequency power of 113 mW was obtained.

基于单级热泵系统的再生水余热资源综合利用技术分析

当今社会环境污染与能源危机已成为全人类必须面对并要加以解决的重大课题。就采暖行业而言,人们不但需要高质量的供暖,同时还对该行业在环保、节能和安全文明生产方面提出了更高的要求。再生水源热泵技术正是满足这些要求的比较有代表性的低耗能新型供暖空调技术。以北京地区某供热中心再生水余热资源利用改造项目为例,从单级热泵技术路线出发,综合考虑以再生水余热资源为主,烟气余热、蒸汽余热为辅的3种资源形式,采用电力驱动离心式热泵设备,依托汽水换热器与热水锅炉两种调峰措施,对各种方案的技术和经济可行性进行论证和分析,最终提出安全可靠、经济高效、绿色减排、节能低碳的再生水余热资源综合利用建议。

LD-pumped high repetition rate Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser by using La_3Ga_5SiO_(14) single crystal electro-optic modulator

A diode-end-pumped electro-optic （EO） Q-switched Nd：YVO4 laser operating at repetition rate of 10 kpps （pulses per second） was reported. A block of La3Ga5SiO14 （LGS） single crystal was used as a Q-switch and the driver was a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor （MOS-FET） pulser of high repetition rate and high voltage. At continuous wave （CW） operation, the slope efficiency of the laser was 46%, and maximum optical-to-optical efficiency was 38.5%. Using an output coupler with transmission of 70%, a 10-kpps Q-switched pulse train with 0.4-mJ monopulse energy and 8.2-ns pulse width was achieved, the optical conversion efficiency was around 15%, and the beam quality M^2 factor was less than 1.2.

跨临界CO_(2)热泵单/双级切换性能优化对比分析

为提高跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统在不同地区采暖的能效和经济性,提出STSHPS(单、双级切换的热泵系统),并与BASE(单级压缩热泵系统)和TSHPS(双级压缩热泵系统)进行对比,通过建立各循环系统的热力学、环境性以及经济性模型,从不同角度进行分析。研究结果表明:设计工况下,环境温度为3℃时,双级压缩系统的C_(OP)(制热性能系数)大于单级压缩系统,即环境温度为3℃可作为单双级切换的条件;在乌鲁木齐采用STSHPS碳排放所造成的成本与BASE相比降低22%;STSHPS在单级压缩运行时采用2台压缩机交替运行的方式,初始成本经过折算与TSHPS相比降低26.9%—66.7%;在设备运行15 a后,3个城市的累计总费用,STSHPS与TSHPS和BASE相比降低5.3%—16.8%和1.8%—13.5%。STSHPS的能效、环保性能以及经济性均是3个系统中最好的,优势比较明显。

Determination of trace inorganic anions in anionic surfactants by single-pump column-switching ion chromatography

An ion chromatography method has been proposed for the determination of three common inorganic anions（chloride,nitrate and sulfate） in anionic surfactants using a single pump system.The new system consists of an ion exclusion column,a concentrator column,and an anion exchange column connected in series via two 6-ports valves in a Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatograph.The valves were switched several times for removing surfactants,concentrating and separating the three anions.The chromatographic conditions were optimized.Detection limits（S/N = 3） were in the range of 0.10-0.68μg/L.The relative standard deviations（RSDs） of peak area were less than 4.6%.The recoveries were in the range of 84.1-112.6%.

4-W single transverse mode Yb^(3+)-doped fiber laser pumped by 915-nm laser diode array

A cladding-pumped ytterbium-doped fiber laser is described in this letter. Using unusual pumping source with 915-nm wavelength, slope efficiency up to 75% with respect to absorbed input power and output power is obtained, a maximum output power of 4.006 W with fundamental mode is measured.