Fabrication of coconut shell-derived porous carbons for CO_(2) adsorption application

Biomass-derived porous carbons have been considered as the most potential candidate for effective CO_(2) adsorbent thanks to being widely-available precursor and having highly porous structure and stable chemical/physical features.However,the biomass-derived porous carbons still suffer from the poor optimization process in terms of the synthesis conditions.Herein,we have successfully fabricated coconut shell-derived porous carbon by a simple one-step synthesis process.The as-prepared carbon exhibits advanced textual activity together with well-designed micropore morphology and possesses oxygen-containing functional groups(reached 18.81 wt%)within the carbon matrix.Depending on the different activating temperatures(from 700 to 800℃)and KOH/biomass mass ratios(from 0.3 to 1),the 750℃ and 0.5 mass ratio were found to be enabling the highest CO_(2) capture performance.The optimal adsorbent was achieved a high CO_(2) uptake capacity of 5.92 and 4.15 mmol·g^(−1) at 0 and 25℃(1 bar),respectively.More importantly,as-prepared carbon adsorbent exhibited moderate isosteric heat of adsorption and high CO_(2)/N_(2) selectivity.The results were revealed not only the textural feature but also the surface functional groups critically determine the CO_(2) capture performance,indicating coconut shell-derived porous carbon has a considerable potential as a solid-state adsorbent for the CO_(2) capture.

Construction and evaluation of in-house methylation-sensitive SNaPshot system and three classification prediction models for identifying the tissue origin of body fluid

The identification of tissue origin of body fluid can provide clues and evidence for criminal case investigations.To establish an efficient method for identifying body fluid in forensic cases,eight novel body fluid-specific DNA methylation markers were selected in this study,and a multiplex single base extension reaction(SNaPshot)system for these markers was constructed for the identification of five common body fluids(venous blood,saliva,menstrual blood,vaginal fluid,and semen).The results indicated that the in-house system showed good species specificity,sensitivity,and ability to identify mixed biological samples.At the same time,an artificial body fluid prediction model and two machine learning prediction models based on the support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF)algorithms were constructed using previous research data,and these models were validated using the detection data obtained in this study(n=95).The accuracy of the prediction model based on experience was 95.79%;the prediction accuracy of the SVM prediction model was 100.00%for four kinds of body fluids except saliva(96.84%);and the prediction accuracy of the RF prediction model was 100.00%for all five kinds of body fluids.In conclusion,the in-house SNaPshot system and RF prediction model could achieve accurate tissue origin identification of body fluids.

应用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性技术分析结节性硬化症基因突变

目的 检测结节性硬化症基因外显子突变。方法 应用聚合酶链反应 单链构象多态性 (PCR SSCP)技术分析 2 8例结节性硬化症患者TSC1和TSC2基因外显子突变情况。结果 2 8例中有 4例发生TSC1基因突变 ,其中包括 1个无义突变、2个错义突变和 1个移码突变 ;有 13例患者发生TSC2基因突变 ,其中包括 2个无义突变、2个移码突变、1个缺失和 8个错义突变。有 2例患者在TSC1及TSC2基因上均发生突变 ,另有 2例患者在TSC2核苷位 1960上出现同样突变。TSC1突变患者和TSC2突变患者之间临床表现无明显差异。结论 突变广泛分布于TSC1及TSC2基因各个外显子上 ,没有集聚于某个外显子 。

Release of elements from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

The element-release behavior of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash was explored through leaching test with continuous set-point pH(pH_(stat) test)and serial single reaction cell(SSRC)tests.First,the relationship between element release and acid neutralizing capacity(ANC)consumption was examined with a pHstat test.Four types of release behaviors were identified which are characteristic for different elements:(1)release curves that were almost linear with ANC consumption(Ca,Zn,and Cd);(2)release that was significantly faster than ANC(Na,K,and Cl);(3)curves that featured a strong increase with ANC consumption,after a transient release,followed by an almost equal decrease(Si and S);and(4)release that is strongly retarded compared with ANC consumption(Cr,Cu,and Pb).In the SSRC system,it the existence of a pH front and a wash-out phenomenon is demonstrated.Combining the results from the SSRC test with the kinetic analysis of the ANC system in the pH_(stat) test,it was inferred that less than one-third of the ANC measured from a batch pH titration plays a neutralization role in a field situation.The methodologies described may provide a powerful set of tools for systematic evaluation of element release from solid wastes.

Quantitative chimerism kinetics in relapsed leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background Chimerism analysis is an important tool for the surveillance of post-transplant engraftment. It offers the possibility of identifying impending graft rejection and recurrence of underlying malignant or non-malignant disease. Here we investigated the quantitative chimerism kinetics of 21 relapsed leukemia patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）. Methods A panel of 29 selected sequence polymorphism （SP） markers was screened by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） to obtain the informative marker for every leukemia patient. Quantitative chimerism analysis of bone marrow （BM） samples of 21 relapsed patients and 20 patients in stable remission was performed longitudinally. The chimerisms of BM and peripheral blood （PB） samples of 14 patients at relapse were compared. Results Twenty-one patients experienced leukemia relapse at a median of 135 days （range, 30-720 days） after transplantation. High recipient chimerism in BM was found in all patients at relapse, and increased recipient chimerism in BM samples was observed in 90% （19/21） of patients before relapse. With 0.5% recipient DNA as the cut-off, median time between the detection of increased recipient chimerism and relapse was 45 days （range, 0-120 days）, with 76% of patients showing increased recipient chimerism at least 1 month prior to relapse. Median percentage of recipient DNA in 20 stable remission patients was 0.28%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.05%, 0.08%, and 0.05% at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively, after transplantation. This was concordant with other specific fusion transcripts and fluorescent in situ hybridization examination. The recipient chimerisms in BM were significantly higher than those in PB at relapse （P=-0.001）. Conclusions This SP-based RT-PCR assay is a reliable method for chimerism analysis. Chimerism kinetics in BM can be used as a marker of impending leukemia relapse, especially when no other specific marker is available. Based on our findings, we recommend examining not only PB samples but also BM samples in HSCT patients.

Fluidized Electrocatalysis

Particle-based electrocatalysts need to be glued on an electrode,where fast and slow steps of the reaction are spatially and temporally convoluted near the particles.Since the particles are under continuous electrochemical stress,decay in their catalytic performance(a.k.a.,fatigue)often occurs due to degradation of the active materials,detachment of particles and deteriorating kinetics.Here we report that these problems are well addressed by fluidizing the particles.The catalysts,instead of being fixed on an electrode,are now fluidized in the electrolyte.Reaction occurs when individual particles collide with the electrode,which collectively delivers a continuous,scalable and stable electrochemical current.Since the catalysts now work in rotation,they experience much faster kinetics and avoid the buildup of excessive electrochemical stress,leading to orders of magnitude higher particle-average efficiency and greatly enhanced fatigue resistance.Proof-ofconcepts are demonstrated using Pt/C catalysts for three well-known reactions,including oxygen evolution,hydrogen evolution and methanol oxidation reactions,all of which suffer severe performance decay using Pt/C under different mechanisms.Fluidized electrocatalysis breaks the spatial and temporal continuum of electrocatalytic reactions,and makes them drastically more fatigue resistant.It is material-and reaction-agnostic,and should be a general approach to enhance electrocatalytic reactions.