Regularization Method to the Parameter Identification of Interfacial Heat Transfer Coefficient and Properties during Casting Solidification

The accurate material physical properties, initial and boundary conditions are indispensable to the numerical simulation in the casting process, and they are related to the simulation accuracy directly. The inverse heat conduction method can be used to identify the mentioned above parameters based on the temperature measurement data. This paper presented a new inverse method according to Tikhonov regularization theory. A regularization functional was established and the regularization parameter was deduced, the Newton-Raphson iteration method was used to solve the equations. One detailed case was solved to identify the thermal conductivity and specific heat of sand mold and interfacial heat transfer coefficient (IHTC) at the meantime. This indicates that the regularization method is very efficient in decreasing the sensitivity to the temperature measurement data, overcoming the ill-posedness of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) and improving the stability and accuracy of the results. As a general inverse method, it can be used to identify not only the material physical properties but also the initial and boundary conditions' parameters.

A Numerical Method on Inverse Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient Based on Thermographic Temperature Measurement

处于一个多维的热传导问题的热转移系数基于 thermographic 温度测量从反的热传导问题的答案被获得。与有限体积方法一起，修改一个维的修正方法(MODCM ) 为两 twoand 被采用三维的反的问题。一系列数字实验被进行以便验证方法的有效性。另外，温度测量错误的效果，重复的结束标准，反的问题的结果上的等等被调查。方法是能成功地解决反的热传导问题的简单、稳定、精确的，这被证明。

Investigation on heat-transfer-coefficient between aluminum alloy and organic/inorganic sand mold based on inverse method

A kind of cylinder sand mold was designed to investigate the heat-transfer-coefficients (HTCs) between aluminum alloy and organic/inorganic binder bonded sand mold during the solidification processes. Temperature during the solidification process was recorded and input into the simulation software. The inverse model of MAGMA was used to calculate the HTC based on the actual temperature. Results show that the temperature of the inorganic sand mold increased faster than the organic sand mold;while the temperature of the casting part with the inorganic sand mold decreased faster. The optimal HTCs between Al and the organic/ inorganic sand mold are confirmed to be 300 to 700 and 1000 to 1800 W·m^-2·K^-1, respectively, along with the change of solid-liquid phase line. The simulated temperature curves show the same trend as the measured ones. The maximum deviation between the two temperature curves are 17.32℃ and 18.77℃ for castings by inorganic and organic sand molds.

A NEW COMPUTATION METHOD FOR THE UNSTEADY HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A DEEP MINE

In mine geothermal prediction, the unsteady heat transfer coefficient is an important parameter for heat transfer computation between country rock and mine airflow. In this paper, the rock temperature distributions in the geothermal fields have been derived in mathematics, the unsteady heat transfer coefficients that can expound the relation between its nature and influencing factors have been derived also based on this analytic formula. It is shown both by numerical simulations and through in situ measurernents that the new computation method for determining the unsteady heat transfer cofeeicient is accurate, rapid and simple.

Determination of interfacial heat transfer coefficient and its application in high pressure die casting process

In this paper,the research progress of the interfacial heat transfer in high pressure die casting(HPDC)is reviewed.Results including determination of the interfacial heat transfer coefficient(IHTC),influence of casting thickness,process parameters and casting alloys on the IHTC are summarized and discussed.A thermal boundary condition model was developed based on the two correlations:(a)IHTC and casting solid fraction and(b)IHTC peak value and initial die surface temperature.The boundary model was then applied during the determination of the temperature field in HPDC and excellent agreement was found.

Equivalent heat transfer coefficient at casting/Cu mould interface and temperature field simulation

Using the inverse algorithm of heat transfer and the nonlinear estimation method, matching calculated values with measured ones, the interfacial heat transfer coefficient at casting/Cu mould interface was determined.The results show that the interfacial heat transfer coefficient at Al/Cu interface changes in a range of 4.0×10 3 1.0×10 5 W·m -2 ·K -1 and its average value is in a range of 5.0×10 37.0×10 3 W·m -2 ·K -1 .

Heat Transfer Coefficient between Ice Cover and Water in the Bohai Sea

The calculative method of heat transfer coefficient between ice cover and water is analyzed considering the heat balance at ice cover bottom firstly. The heat transfer coefficient is calculated with the meteorological, oceanographic data and sea ice conditions measured on the JZ20-2 Oil/Gas Platform in the Bohai Sea during the winter of 1997/1998. From the results, it is shown that the heat transfer coefficient is smaller in the freezing and melting periods, which is about 0.16×10-3 and 0.04×10-3 respectively. In the middle of ice season, the heat transfer coefficient has a larger value, which is about 0.5×10-3. Lastly, the influences of ice thickness and ice type on the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. With the heat transfer coefficient determined above, the oceanic heat flux in the winter of 1997～1998 is calculated, and its trend in the winter is analyzed. This study can be referenced in the sea ice numerical simulation and prediction in the Bohai Sea.

Time Dependent Surface Heat Transfer in Light Weight Aggregate Cement Based Materials

Surface temperature changes of building materials affect the calculation of heat flow and thus the energy use in heating and cooling. The surface heat transfer coefficient , limiting the heat flow between material surface and ambient air is normally taken as a constant. In this study we propose a time-dependent function . We estimate from unidirectional heat flow experiments with transient and steady-state conditions. Using temperature measurements and the conservation of energy at the surface including convective and irradiative boundary conditions, the value of was obtained both using Finite Difference and Taylor Polynomials methods. Numerical solutions of temperature distribution as function of time were improved with the obtained -functions compared to with constant . There were no clear difference between on different materials, and the final values observed were in the order of magnitude expected from the literature.

Numerical Modeling of Non-Similar Mixed Convection Heat Transfer over a Stretching Surface with Slip Conditions

In this paper, the heat transfer effect on the steady boundary layer flow of a Casson fluid past a stretching surface in the presence of slip conditions was analyzed. The stretching surface is maintained at a constant temperature. The boundary layer conservation equations, which are parabolic in nature, are normalized into non-similar form and then solved numerically with the well-tested, efficient, implicit, stable Keller-box finite difference scheme. The resulting equations are solved numerically by using the Kellerbox finite-difference method, and the expressions for velocity and temperature are obtained. They satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions and reduce to some well-known solutions for non-Newtonian fluids. Numerical results for velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number are shown in various graphs and discussed for embedded flow parameters. It is found that both velocity and temperature decrease with an increase of the Casson fluid parameter.

漫反射与非漫反射表面间的辐射传递系数快速计算

针对蒙特卡洛方法计算目标表面间辐射传递系数耗时过长的问题,提出了一种计算漫反射灰体与非漫反射灰体表面间辐射传递系数的快速方法。首先,利用蒙特卡洛方法在漫反射表面生成发射光束集并进行射线追踪,计算漫反射表面对目标表面的辐射传递系数;然后,在非漫反射表面生成发射光束并进行射线追踪,如果射线在多次反射过程中击中任意漫反射表面,则利用反射光束的漫反射特性,直接调用漫反射表面的辐射传递系数对反射能量进行分配,并停止射线追踪。对正六面体模型内表面(两个漫反射面元、四个镜反射面元)的辐射传递系数进行仿真,结果表明,当表面反射率ρ=0.4时,镜反射表面的辐射传递系数计算时间仅为蒙特卡洛方法的1/3;ρ=0.8时,相应的计算时间占比低于1/10,并且保持良好的计算精度。理论推导并分析了影响该方法计算速度的模型参数,结果表明:表面反射率越高,系统中漫反射表面占比越大,快速方法中单束光线的平均追踪次数较蒙特卡洛方法越少,非漫反射表面的辐射传递系数计算优势越明显。

多结构强化管换热特性的实验研究

基于单管换热实验系统,研究光管和双侧强化管的换热机理,利用Gnielinski公式和热阻分离法分别计算4种强化结构换热管的管内外换热系数,并对光管外的冷凝过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:冷凝液光管模拟结果与实验结果之间误差<15%,能够较好地呈现冷凝过程;EX3强化管平均总换热系数提升207.02%,提升效果最佳。三角形齿相较于梯形齿对水流的扰动效果更大,管内对流换热效果更好。EX3管外强化冷凝换热效果最佳,同时,带有切槽的整体肋管的冷凝换热效果强于三维强化管,近矩形微肋强化管外侧冷凝性能优于近T形微肋管。存在最优肋间距,使得强化管能够最大化提升冷凝换热效果。基于实验数据拟合EX3与EX4的关联式,误差在±20%的范围内,符合预期可靠性。

双支点对转轴承腔两相流动及换热特性的数值研究

为探究双支点对转轴承腔两相流动及换热特性,利用耦合的CLSVOF两相流方法开展数值研究,对比高低压轴同转、对转形式下的轴承腔流动及换热特征,重点探讨对转条件下,高低压轴转速及双侧供油流量对轴承腔壁面油气分布特征与换热特性的影响。结果表明:不同转向下轴承腔壁面油膜形成过程类似,滑油在壁面以油滴、油矢、油带形式分布;同转形式下壁面流线旋向相同,对转形式下壁面流线旋向则相反,对转提高了轴承腔壁面剪切力及湍流强度,平均换热系数相对提升了16.47%;对转转速越大或转速比越高时,壁面滑油体积分数增大而油膜厚度降低,油膜流速平均增加72.95%,双侧供油量或供油流量比越大时,壁面滑油体积分数与油膜厚度均上升,油膜流速平均增加31.02%;增加转速与供油流量均可提高壁面热流密度,增大换热系数,采用双支点对转形式布局能够一定程度提高轴承腔换热性能,有利于保障发动机的安全可靠运转。

镍基单晶涡轮叶片定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟研究进展

作为先进航空发动机不可缺少的核心部件之一,镍基单晶涡轮叶片(简称单晶叶片)的空心结构尺寸精度、合金元素的分布均匀性和表面及内腔冶金质量等要求极为苛刻。研究发现,定向凝固过程中温度梯度的控制直接影响单晶叶片性能和质量,能否持续获得稳定热流成为定向凝固技术的关键。随着计算机技术的不断进步,数值模拟已经成为单晶叶片定向凝固研究的重要手段之一。首先,对单晶叶片制备技术进行了介绍,分析了定向凝固过程中的传热方式。其次,总结了数值模拟界面换热系数边界条件的优化方法,重点介绍了Beck非线性估算法和有限差分法在界面换热系数求解中的应用,证明了两种方法均可以对铸件/型壳间的界面换热系数进行求解,有效提升了温度场模拟的准确性。最后,对定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟的研究进展进行了追踪,总结归纳出了工艺参数对温度场的影响规律。基于对镍基单晶涡轮叶片定向凝固过程温度场数值模拟研究进展的分析,提出了定向凝固工艺优化方向以及相关技术后续的发展趋势,以促进单晶涡轮叶片的高质量研发。

装配式被动房墙体传热系数测试与能耗模拟

以河北省保定市某装配式被动房为研究对象,采用热流计法对其东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的传热系数进行现场测试。基于测试结果,利用DeST能耗模拟软件模拟该建筑理论计算和实测传热系数下的全年能耗,得出理论计算与实测条件下利用传热系数计算的能耗偏差。结果表明该装配式被动房东、西两侧围护结构主体部位的实测传热系数相比.于理论计算值分别偏高偏差为103%。以期通过传热系数现场测试过程与能耗误差值的范围为今后进一步研究装配式被动建筑提供参考。

公共建筑供暖房间动态热负荷及热环境研究

建筑节能减碳是实现双碳目标两大战略的重要领域,寒冷地区公共建筑供热能耗普遍较高。公共建筑供暖目标是在节能减碳双控目标下实现精准补偿热负荷,并满足舒适要求。在调研公共建筑供热需求模式的基础上,根据反应系数法原理,应用特征温度法,研究分析高校供热与非供热房间各时间段不同人员工作状况下的动态热负荷和热环境,为北方公共建筑实现精准供热和热舒适提供了借鉴。

集中生活热水系统循环流量有关问题研究

梳理了不同版本建筑给水排水设计标准对生活热水管道热损失计算的有关规定,以及相关设计手册、标准图集等对生活热水管道热损失计算的方法,参考国家标准《工业设备及管道绝热工程设计规范》(GB50264-2013)的有关规定,对生活热水管道热损失的计算方法进行研究,并就有关问题提出了看法。

金属连接件对保温与结构一体化墙体热工性能影响实验研究及模拟验证

为了验证采用模拟计算的方法研究金属连接件对保温与结构一体化墙体热工性能影响的准确性与可靠性,首先依据(GB/T 13475—2008)《绝热稳态传热性质的测定标定和防护热箱法》规定的防护热箱法,制作实验墙体,并在实验台上分别对锚入金属连接件数量为3、6和9个的保温与结构一体化墙体进行了实验研究,获取了墙体的实测传热系数。随后利用Airpak计算流体力学软件建立与实验研究相同的三组模型,并设置了相同的热室与冷室温度工况,分别计算其传热系数。最后对实测结果与模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:锚入金属连接件数量为3、6和9个时的保温与结构一体化墙体平均相对误差分别为4.92%、4.69%和3.96%,模拟计算误差均在5%范围内,满足工程计算要求。

Measurement of boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath by inverse heat conduction method

Inverse heat conduction method (IHCM) is one of the most effective approaches to obtaining the boiling heat transfer coefficient from measured results. This paper focuses on its application in cryogenic boiling heat transfer. Experiments were conducted on the heat transfer of a stainless steel block in a liquid nitrogen bath, with the assumption of a 1D conduction condition to realize fast acquisition of the temperature of the test points inside the block. With the inverse-heat conduction theory and the explicit finite difference model, a solving program was developed to calculate the heat flux and the boiling heat transfer coefficient of a stainless steel block in liquid nitrogen bath based on the temperature acquisition data. Considering the oscillating data and some unsmooth transition points in the inverse-heat-conduction calculation result of the heat-transfer coefficient, a two-step data-fitting procedure was proposed to obtain the expression for the boiling heat transfer coefficients. The coefficient was then verified for accuracy by a comparison between the simulation results using this expression and the verifying experimental results of a stainless steel block. The maximum error with a revised segment fitting is around 6%, which verifies the feasibility of using IHCM to measure the boiling heat transfer coefficient in liquid nitrogen bath.

Simulation of temperature field in pipe during single-face quenching process

Temperature-time curves were measured for the air cooling and laminar cooling of a steel plate.Convective heat transfer coefficients of steel plate and air as well as steel plate and laminar cooling water were computed inversely. Therefore,the temperature field in the single-face quenching process of a steel pipe was simulated using ABAQUS finite element softw are,and the relationships betw een the temperatures and quenching time at different positions of the steel pipe were obtained. In addition,the relationships betw een the cooling rates and quenching time,as w ell as betw een cooling rates and temperatures,were obtained. The simulation quickly produced accurate results,and it can be used to optimize the quenching process. In addition,the results provide a basis for rationally designing the composition of a single-face quenching steel pipe.

New Measurement Method for Direct Cooled Power Electronic with Transmission Fluids

Power Electronic (PE) will play an essential role in future drive concepts. Nowadays, mainly water/glycol-based cooling media are used to cool PE. Due to their high electrical conductivity (EC), water/glycol-based coolants cannot be used for direct cooling of the electrical components. Direct cooling concepts with dedicated transmission fluids show potential usage of fluid in direct contact with electrified parts. This results in special requirements for the fluids and materials. The aimed action as a coolant requires a defined measurement and characterization of fluid properties and heat transfer in order to assess the cooling ability of a fluid. The purpose of the work was to develop a new measurement setup based on the thermal transient method with which the thermal requirements of cooling fluids for a direct cooling concept can be assessed. With this method, relevant transmission fluids have been tested and the thermal performance compared to indirect cooling effect of water/glycol is discussed. The result of the work is that the measurement method is very well suited for the application-related evaluation of the fluids. Direct oil cooling with transmission fluids could increase heat transfer coefficient by a factor of 3 to 8, compared to the indirect cooing with water/glycol as cooling media.