Learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM: To investigate the learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC). METHODS: The clinical data of 180 consecutive transumbilical suture-suspension SILCs performed by a team in our department during the period from August 2009 to March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into nine groups according to operation dates, and each group included 20 patients operated on consecutively in each time period. The surgical outcome was assessed by comparing operation time, blood loss during operation, and complications between groups in order to evaluate the improvement in technique.RESULTS: A total of 180 SILCs were successfully performed by five doctors. The average operation time was 53.58 ± 30.08 min (range: 20.00-160.00 min) and average blood loss was 12.70 ± 11.60 mL (range: 0.00-100.00 mL). None of the patients were converted to laparotomy or multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no major complications such as hemorrhage or biliary system injury during surgery. Eight postoperative complications occurred mainly in the first three groups (n = 6), and included ecchymosis around the umbilical incision (n = 7) which resolved without special treatment, and one case of delayed bile leakage in group 8, which was treated by ultrasound-guided puncture and drainage. There were no differences in intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications and length of postoperative hospital stay among the groups. Bonferroni's test showed that the operation time in group 1 was significantly longer than that in the other groups (F = 7.257, P = 0.000). The majority of patients in each group were discharged within 2 d, with an average postoperative hospital stay of 1.9 ± 1.2 d. CONCLUSION: Following scientific principles and standard procedures, a team experienced in multi-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can master the technique of SILC after 20 cases.

Evaluation of the Single-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Learning Curve

Background: The use of single-port laparoscopy has gained popularity within recent years. Part of the appeal in learning this approach is that it draws heavily from concepts mastered through conventional laparoscopy. Various studies have shown the efficacy and feasibility of the single-port laparoscopic approach, but there are few that examine the learning curve in adopting this new technique. Objective: Our goal was to better define the learning curve in performing a single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Design: A review of prospectively gathered operative data was performed to analyze the results of single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomies performed within our institution by experienced laparoscopic surgeons. The first 100 cases were divided into quintiles. Comparisons were made among the cohorts regarding patient demographics, operative time, length of stay, conversions, and complications. Results: There was no difference among quintiles with regard to age, sex, BMI, or ASA class. Operative time, conversions, length of stay, and number of complications did not significantly vary among each group of patients. There was a significant difference in estimated blood loss and length of stay between the fifth cohort and the others due to one patient’s poor outcome. Conclusions: The single-port laparoscopic right hemicolectomy learning curve for surgeons already skilled in laparoscopy is short. There are few differences in various outcome measures among groups at any stage in the learning curve. The skills utilized to perform conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery readily translate to the single-port approach and result in proficiency from nearly the start.

基于改进的K-means聚类分区均匀化空间学习索引

传统空间索引的体量随数据量的增加而膨胀,查询效率较低。学习索引的体量不随数据量的增加而膨胀,同时避免了层级比较查询,性能优异。将学习索引应用于空间索引存在2个难点:一是选取合适的降维方法实现空间数据的排序;二是对降维后数据序列进行有效的简化分布计算,使其易于拟合。基于此,提出了一种网格混合聚类分区学习索引(grid-ml),用z曲线进行降维,用双层网格结构优化查询策略,用改进的K-means聚类算法进行数据分区,实现数据分布均匀化。对比实验发现,grid-ml构建速度快、存储空间小、查询效率高,较传统空间索引优势显著。

基于M-K模型计算FLC无条件收敛新算法

M-K失稳模型的无条件收敛与快速求解对成形极限曲线(forming limit curve, FLC)的获取具有重要的理论意义与研究价值,也是理论FLC计算的难点之一.然而,在M-K失稳模型框架内基于复杂屈服准则计算成形极限曲线时,采用传统牛顿迭代算法无法保证收敛,而固定增量法则计算耗时过长,严重制约了M-K失稳模型的应用场景.因此,文章以锆合金为实验材料,提出了一种自适应增量算法,该算法通过迭代误差信息与震荡情况自适应调整迭代步长,不仅能够保证计算精度,满足无条件收敛,还能大幅提升计算速度.此外,本研究还验证了采用自适应增量法计算锆合金FLC的准确性,并分析了算法的迭代误差Err与初始应变增量对FLC预测结果的影响.结果表明:自适应增量法具有无条件保证收敛、计算速度快以及计算结果不受初始迭代步长影响的优势,其计算耗时仅为固定增量法的0.44%;此外,本研究认为初始参数中迭代误差小于10-6、初始应变增量小于0.001是得到稳定的FLC结果的前提条件;根据对锆合金FLC预测结果可知,在M-K模型框架内基于Yld2000-2d屈服准则理论采用自适应增量法计算可以很好地描述锆合金的塑性行为.由于自适应增量迭代法简单易用且计算高效,有望应用于有限元软件中子程序的开发,加速其计算速度并提高锆合金数值模拟精度.

基于无应力状态控制法的K式钢桁梁桥起拱研究

目前工程上对于钢桁梁桥起拱问题的研究主要针对N式桁架节间,但K式钢桁梁桥节间的预拱度设置尚未有统一的计算方法。为解决K式节间的起拱问题,基于分阶段成形结构力学平衡方程,将节间的相对预拱度作为输入,推导得出各杆件伸缩量的数学表达式;针对下承式钢桁梁桥预拱度设置特点,进一步得出同时伸缩下斜腹杆与竖腹杆、同时伸缩下斜腹杆与上弦杆、同时伸缩上弦杆与上下斜腹杆共3种情况下的杆件伸缩公式,并借助实桥数据计算和几何试算进行验证。研究结果表明:该方法实用可行,充分验证了钢桁梁K式节间的无应力状态起拱为纯几何起拱,起拱过程不会产生附加内力和起拱支座反力。

基于K均值聚类算法的谐振接地系统故障区段定位方法

现有的谐振接地配电网单相接地故障定位方法存在通信依赖过度、特征分析复杂和阈值设置困难等问题,现场运行的适用性较低。本文基于深度融合智能开关在配电网中的应用,研究三相电流变化量的波形特征,提出基于K均值聚类算法的就地选段方法。该方法提取各区段数据特征量,发挥K均值聚类算法无监督学习的优点,使各检测节点只需处理本地故障信号,从而减轻通信压力。利用仿真和现场数据验证该方法的可行性,结果表明,该方法在多种故障工况下都表现出较高的可靠性,并且能够较好地适应现场环境。

基于Master Curve方法的Q345R钢断裂韧性研究

进行了国产Q345R钢在韧脆转变区的拉伸试验、夏比冲击试验和落锤试验,分别采用单温度法和多温度法获得1英寸厚CT试样的Master Curve曲线,并和ASME,API以及BS等规范中断裂韧性估算公式进行对比。结果表明,单温度法和多温度法获得的参考温度T_0基本一致,大约为-105℃。主曲线法能够很好地包络各种估算公式推断出的断裂韧性与温度关系曲线,并且在足够保守的前提下,比ASME的K_(IC)下包络线更具经济性和灵活性。

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of solute transport in a single rough fracture

In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to simulate the solute transport in a single rough fracture. The self-affine rough fracture wall was generated with the successive random addition method. The ability of the developed LBM to simulate the solute transport was validated by Taylor dispersion. The effect of fluid velocity on the solute transport in a single rough fracture was investigated using the LBM. The breakthrough curves （BTCs） for continuous injection sources in rough fractures were analyzed and discussed with different Reynolds numbers （Re）. The results show that the rough frac~＇e wall leads to a large fluid velocity gradient across the aperture. Consequently, there is a broad distribution of the immobile region along the rough fracture wall. This distribution of the immobile region is very sensitive to the Re and fracture geometry, and the immobile region is enlarged with the increase of Re and roughness. The concentration of the solute front in the mobile region increases with the Re. Furthermore, the Re and roughness have significant effects on BTCs, and the slow solute molecule exchange between the mobile and immobile regions results in a long breakthrough tail for the rough fracture. This study also demonstrates that the developed LBM can be effective in studying the solute transport in a rough fracture.

Calcium Hydroxide Removal in Curved Root Canals with Apical Transportation In Vitro

Calcium hydroxide（CH） is applied to improve disinfection of root canals in most root canal retreatment. This study aimed to analyze the CH removal efficacy using 7 different root preparing files（K file, pre-curved K file, EndoActivator, Ultrasonic file, pre-curved ultrasonic file, F file and needle irrigation alone） with apical transportation. Standardized models of curved canal with such apical transportation or not were set up before applying CH to root canal for 7 days. Seven techniques described above were used for its removal. Then the roots were disassembled and digital photos were taken. The ratio of residual CH in the overall canal surface was calculated using the image analyzer image pro plus 6.0. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test. Results revealed that CH was effectively removed（P〈0.05） by using all 6 mechanical methods except irrigation alone. In curved root canals with apical transportation, EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file were found to be more effective in removing CH than the other four file（P〈0.001）, while there was no significant difference among EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file groups（P〉0.05）. The percentage of residual CH in the canal with apical transportation was higher than that in the canal without apical transportation（P〈0.05）. In conclusion, CH can be hardly removed completely. Canal with apical transportation will result in insufficient CH removal. EndoActivator, pre-curved ultrasonic file and F file are more effective in the curved root canal with apical transportation.

MODELING THE STRESS-STRAIN CURVES UNDER DYNAMIC RECRYSTALLIZATION

An analytical model for dynamic recrystallization (DRX) is studied based on the relative grain size model proposed by Sakai and Jonas, and the characteristic flow behaviors under DRX are analyzed and simulated. Introducing the variation of dynamic grain size and the heterogeneous distribution of disolo- cation densities densities under DRX,a simple method for modeling and simulating DRX processes is developed by using Laplace transformation theory. The results derived from the present model agree well with the experimental results in literatures. This simulation can reproduce a number of features in DRX flow behaviors, for example,single and multiple peak flow behaviors followed by a steady state flow, the transition between them, and so on.

An Event Alarm System Based on Single and Group Human Behavior Analysis

Due to the increasing demand for security, the development of intelligent surveillance systems has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This study aims to develop a system that is able to identify whether or not the people need help in a public place. Different from previous work, our work considers not only the behaviors of the target person but also the interaction between him and nearby people. In the paper, we propose an event alarm system which can detect the human behaviors and recognize the happening event through integrating the results generated from the single and group behavior analysis. Several new effective features are proposed in the study. Besides, a mechanism capable of extracting one-to-one and multiple-to-one relations is also developed. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can correctly detect human behaviors and provide the alarm messages when emergency events occur.

STUDY ON THE THREE-STAGE CREEP OF THE DD_3 SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY

Materials and Testing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China The threestage creep behavior of DD3 single crystal superalloy had been studied. The results show that the creeprupture properties of DD3 single crystal satisfy the requirements for high performance turbine blade application. The influence of crystal orientation on the creeprupture property of DD3 single crystal was tested and discussed. An engineering criterion to evaluate the regimes of secondary and tertiary creep is proposed, and this method gives a reasonable result for practical applications. The fractography and TEM micrography of the tested specimens had been studied, and it is determined that the glidecontrolled creep is the basic creep mechanism of DD3 single crystal at intermediate temperature, but the thermally activated processes become dominant at higher temperature.

基于K-means算法的动画单帧图像颜色PS校正方法

针对动画单帧图像颜色偏差影响整个动画序列质量的问题,提出一种基于K-means算法的动画单帧图像颜色PS校正方法.对动画单帧图像颜色PS校正做出分析描述后,在K-means算法的基础上,将图像划分为不同的区域,分析每个区域内的亮度直方图,实现对图像色彩亮度的补偿;根据色彩RGB位数拓展图像,并比较拓展前后两幅图像的色彩,以此得到校准算子;根据校准算子,完成对动画单帧图像的颜色校正.实验结果表明,所提方法可在保证校正效率的同时,取得最低的校准色差和亮度偏差.

A new method for testing pile by sin- gle-impact energy and P-S curve

By studying the pile-formula and stress-wave methods (e.g., CASE method), the authors propose a new method for testing piles using the single-impact energy and P-S curves. The vibration and wave figures are recorded, and the dynamic and static displacements are measured by different transducers near the top of piles when the pile is im- pacted by a heavy hammer or micro-rocket. By observing the transformation coefficient of driving energy (total energy), the consumed energy of wave motion and vibration and so on, the vertical bearing capacity for single pile is measured and calculated. Then, using the vibration wave diagram, the dynamic relation curves between the force (P) and the displacement (S) is calculated and the yield points are determined. Using the static-loading test, the dynamic results are checked and the relative constants of dynamic-static P-S curves are determined. Then the sub- sidence quantity corresponding to the bearing capacity is determined. Moreover, the shaped quality of the pile body can be judged from the formation of P-S curves.

A Novel Real-time Fluorescence Mutant-allele-specific Amplification Method for Rapid Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis

Current methods for single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） analysis are timeconsuming and complicated. We aimed at development of one-step real-time fluorescence mutant-allele-specific amplification （MASA） method for rapid SNP analysis. The method is a marriage of two technologies： MASA primers for target DNA and a double-stranded DNA-selective fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. Genotypes are separated according to the different threshold cycles of the wild-type and mutant primers. K-ras oncogene was used as a target to validate the feasibility of the method. The experimental results showed that the different genotypes can be clearly discriminated by the assay. The real-time fluorescence MASA method will have an enormous potential for fast and reliable SNP analysis due to its simplicity and low cost.

Tensile behaviors of ecological high ductility cementitious composites exposed to interactive freeze-thaw-carbonation and single carbonation

To explore the tensile property parameters in the structural design of bridge deck link slabs made by ecological high ductility cementitious composites (Eco-HDCC), the tensile properties of Eco-HDCC exposed to interactive freeze-thaw-carbonation cycles and single carbonation cycles were studied. The carbonation front of Eco-HDCC was determined by X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry-thermal gravimetric methods. Results indicate that the carbonation front of Eco-HDCC after interaction tests is deeper than that of Eco-HDCC after single carbonation tests. In addition, the ultimate tensile strength for Eco-HDCC shows an increasing trend after the interaction of 1 to 5 cycles compared with that of virgin specimens, while the ultimate tensile strength decreases after the interaction of 10 to 15 cycles. For single carbonation tests, the ultimate tensile strength of Eco-HDCC increases as cycles increase. After being subjected to interaction and single carbonation environments, both the ultimate tensile strain and tensile strain energy of Eco-HDCC decrease as cycles increase, and the decrease degrees of Eco-HDCC after interaction cycles are larger than those of Eco-HDCC after single carbonation. For general consideration, the tensile stress-strain relationship of Eco-HDCC after the interaction of 15 cycles can be adopted in the design of bridge deck link slabs for the purpose of safety.

Parametrization of Survival Measures (Part II): Single Arm Studies

In some clinical applications in oncology randomized, double armed, and double-blind trials are not possible. In case of device applications, double-blinded conditions are nonrealistic, and with many times the randomization also has complications due to the high-line treatments where the reference cohort is not available;the active “arm” has mainly palliative initiative. Sometimes highly personalized therapies block the collection of the homogeneous group and limit its double-arm randomization. Our objective is to discuss the situations of the single arm evaluation and to give methods for the mining of information from this to increase the level of evidence of the measured dataset. The basic idea of the data-separation is the appropriate parameterization of the non-parametric Kaplan-Meier survival pattern by the poly-Weibull fit.

基于K-Medoids聚类与栅格法提取负荷曲线特征的CNN-LSTM短期负荷预测

高效准确的短期负荷预测是电力系统安全稳定与经济运行的重要保障。针对峰荷与谷荷预测误差较大的问题,提出一种基于栅格法提取负荷曲线特征的卷积神经网络和长短期记忆网络(convolutional neural network and long short term memory network,CNN-LSTM)混合预测模型。首先,采用K-Medoids算法对日负荷曲线聚类,将各聚类中心作为典型代表日负荷曲线。采用栅格法将典型代表日负荷曲线划分为若干个区间并依次编号,提取负荷曲线的特征。然后,将各典型代表日负荷曲线特征与对应负荷类型历史数据重构成新的特征集输入到CNN-LSTM混合神经网络中。利用CNN挖掘数据间的特征形成新的特征向量,再将该特征向量输入到LSTM中进行预测。最后,以美国新英格兰地区2012至2013年电力负荷数据集为例进行仿真验证。结果表明,所提方法在不同日期下的负荷预测精度均有所提升,并且在提升日负荷平均预测精度的同时,有效提升了峰荷、谷荷的预测精度。

Allele-specific amplification and electrochemiluminescence method for single nucleotide polymorphism analysis

A new approach combined the specificity of allele-specific amplification （ASA） with the sensitivity of electrochemiluminescence （ECL） assay for single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） analysis was proposed. Briefly, target gene was amplified by a biotin-labeled allele-specific forward primer and a Ru（bpy）3 ^2＋（TBR）-labeled universal reverse primer. Then, the amplicon was captured onto streptavidin-coated paramagnetic beads through biotin label, and detected by measuring the ECL signal of TBR label. Different genotypes were distinguished according to the ECL values of the amplicons by different genotypic primers. K-ras oncogene was used as a target to validate the feasibility of the method. The experiment results show that the different genotypes can be clearly distinguished by ASA-ECL assay. The method is useful in SNP analysis due to its sensitivity,safety, and simplicity.

高温超导用10 K单级G-M制冷机性能研究

为了满足高温超导设备、气体液化、液氢贮运等方面对10 K温区大冷量制冷机的需求,对10 K单级G-M制冷机进行了理论设计和试验。理论分析了回热器尺寸及回热器填料对制冷机性能的影响。通过优化回热器填料比例及冷头运行频率,此单级G-M制冷机可以获得9.7 K的最低温度,在20 K时可以获得92.6 W制冷量,可较好的满足高温超导等领域应用。